AKA (Johanan Gaddi) John Gaddi ben Mattathias

 
 Antiochus VI Theos (Dionysus Epiphanes) of Alexander I Balas|King|Antiochus the Visible God|King of Syria
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
plac: Syria
deat: 0142 BC
 Associates of Antiochus VI Dionysus of Alexander Balas 
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Mattathias Hasmonai ben Johanan ben Simeon 
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
plac: Modin
deat: 0165 BC
 Johanan Gaddi ben Mattathias ben Johanan 
 birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: DECEASED
 AKA (Johanan Gaddi) John Gaddi ben Mattathias 
birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: DECEASED

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Eupolemus ben John|Envoy

 
 Associates of Antiochus VI Dionysus of Alexander Balas
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Mattathias Hasmonai ben Johanan ben Simeon 
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
plac: Modin
deat: 0165 BC
 Judas (Judah) Maccabaeus ben Mattathias ben Johanan|High Priest|HIGH PRIEST 166 BC-160 BC, "The Hammerer" 
 birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: 0160 BC
 Associates of Judas ben Mattathias 
 birt:
deat: DECEASED
 Eupolemus ben John|Envoy 
birt: ABT 0200 BC
deat: DECEASED

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Julia Caesaris III (daughter of Julius Caesar)


AKA (Julia Caesaris III) Julia
birt: ABT 0083 BC
plac: Rome
deat: DECEASED

 
 Gaius Julius Caesar IV (Julius Caesar)|Emperor|Caesar Gaius Julius|Roman Emperor 
 birt: 2 Jul 0100 BC
plac: Subura, Rome|Caesar by Plutarch|75 AD|CAESAR|100-44 B.C.|by Plutarch|translated by John Dryden||CAESAR -|...|though at the beginning, while so many were to be put to death, and there was so much to do|, Caesar was overlooked by Sylla, yet he would not keep quiet, but presented himself to the p|eople as a candidate for the priesthood, though he was yet a mere boy. Sylla, without any ope|n opposition, took measures to have him rejected, and in consultation whether he should be pu|t to death, when it was urged by some that it was not worth his while to contrive the death o|f a boy, he answered, that they knew little who did not see more than one Marius in that boy|. Caesar, on being informed of this saying, concealed himself, and for a considerable time ke|pt out of the way in the country of the Sabines, often changing his quarters, till one night|, as he was removing from one house to another on account of his health, he fell into the han|ds of Sylla's soldiers, who were searching those parts in order to apprehend any who had absc|onded. Caesar, by a bribe of two talents, prevailed with Cornelius, their captain, to let hi|m go, and was no sooner dismissed but he put to sea and made for Bithynia. After a short sta|y there with Nicomedes, the king, in his passage back he was taken near the island of Pharmac|usa by some of the pirates, who, at that time, with large fleets of ships and innumerable sma|ller vessels, infested the seas everywhere.||When these men at first demanded of him twenty talents for his ransom, he laughed at them fo|r not understanding the value of their prisoner, and voluntarily engaged to give them fifty|. He presently despatched those about him to several places to raise the money, till at las|t he was left among a set of the most bloodthirsty people in the world, the Cilicians, only w|ith one friend and two attendants....|...[MUCH MORE]|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Caesar/)
deat: 15 Mar 0044 BC
marr: ABT 0065 BC
plac: Rome
 Julia Caesaris III (daughter of Julius Caesar) 
birt: ABT 0083 BC
plac: Rome
deat: DECEASED


Gnaeus Magnus Pompeius (Pompey)|General|Pompey the Great
marr: Apr 0059 BC
birt: 0106 BC
plac: Rome||Pompey by Plutarch|75 AD|POMPEY|106-48 B.C.|by Plutarch|translated by John Dryden||POMPEY -|THE people of Rome seem to have entertained for Pompey from his childhood the same affectio|n that Prometheus, in the tragedy of Aeschylus, expresses for Hercules, speaking of him as th|e author of his deliverance, in these words: "Ah cruel Sire! how dear thy son to me!||The generous offspring of my enemy!" - For on the one hand, never did the Romans give such de|monstrations of a vehement and fierce hatred against any of their generals as they did agains|t Strabo, the father of Pompey; during whose lifetime, it is true, they stood in awe of his m|ilitary power, as indeed he was a formidable warrior, but immediately upon his death, which h|appened by a stroke of thunder, they treated him with the utmost contumely, dragging his corp|se from the bier, as it was carried to his funeral. On the other side, never had any Roman th|e people's good-will and devotion more zealous throughout all the changes of fortune, more ea|rly in its first springing up, or more steadily rising with his prosperity, or more constan|t in his adversity than Pompey had. In Strabo, there was one great cause of their hatred, hi|s insatiable covetousness; in Pompey, there were many that helped to make him the object of t|heir love; his temperance, his skill and exercise in war, his eloquence of speech, integrit|y of mind, and affability in conversation and address; insomuch that no man ever asked a favo|ur with less offence, or conferred one with a better grace. When he gave, it was without assu|mption; when he received, it was with dignity and honour.|...[MUCH MORE]|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Pompey/)
deat: 0048 BC
plac: Murder

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AKA (Julia Caesaris III) Julia

 
 Gaius Antonius*
 birt: 0170 BC
deat:
 Marcus Antonius I* 
 birt: 143 B.C.
deat: 87 B.C.
marr:
 Marcus Antonius* Creticus Praetor of Rome|Creticus Praetor of Rome 
 birt: 0103 BC
plac: Crete, Greece
deat: 0074 BC
plac: Crete, Greece
marr:
 
  ?* 
 birt:
deat:
marr:
 Gnaeus Magnus Pompeius (Pompey)|General|Pompey the Great 
 birt: 0106 BC
plac: Rome||Pompey by Plutarch|75 AD|POMPEY|106-48 B.C.|by Plutarch|translated by John Dryden||POMPEY -|THE people of Rome seem to have entertained for Pompey from his childhood the same affectio|n that Prometheus, in the tragedy of Aeschylus, expresses for Hercules, speaking of him as th|e author of his deliverance, in these words: "Ah cruel Sire! how dear thy son to me!||The generous offspring of my enemy!" - For on the one hand, never did the Romans give such de|monstrations of a vehement and fierce hatred against any of their generals as they did agains|t Strabo, the father of Pompey; during whose lifetime, it is true, they stood in awe of his m|ilitary power, as indeed he was a formidable warrior, but immediately upon his death, which h|appened by a stroke of thunder, they treated him with the utmost contumely, dragging his corp|se from the bier, as it was carried to his funeral. On the other side, never had any Roman th|e people's good-will and devotion more zealous throughout all the changes of fortune, more ea|rly in its first springing up, or more steadily rising with his prosperity, or more constan|t in his adversity than Pompey had. In Strabo, there was one great cause of their hatred, hi|s insatiable covetousness; in Pompey, there were many that helped to make him the object of t|heir love; his temperance, his skill and exercise in war, his eloquence of speech, integrit|y of mind, and affability in conversation and address; insomuch that no man ever asked a favo|ur with less offence, or conferred one with a better grace. When he gave, it was without assu|mption; when he received, it was with dignity and honour.|...[MUCH MORE]|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Pompey/)
deat: 0048 BC
plac: Murder
marr: ABT 0079 BC
marr: Apr 0059 BC
marr: 0052 BC
 
   Lucius Julius III Caesaris 
   birt:
deat:
  Julia Caesaris 
 birt: ABT 0104 BC
plac: Rome
deat:
marr:
 AKA (Julia Caesaris III) Julia 
birt: ABT 0083 BC
plac: Rome
deat: DECEASED
 
  Gaius Julius Caesar IV (Julius Caesar)|Emperor|Caesar Gaius Julius|Roman Emperor 
  birt: 2 Jul 0100 BC
plac: Subura, Rome|Caesar by Plutarch|75 AD|CAESAR|100-44 B.C.|by Plutarch|translated by John Dryden||CAESAR -|...|though at the beginning, while so many were to be put to death, and there was so much to do|, Caesar was overlooked by Sylla, yet he would not keep quiet, but presented himself to the p|eople as a candidate for the priesthood, though he was yet a mere boy. Sylla, without any ope|n opposition, took measures to have him rejected, and in consultation whether he should be pu|t to death, when it was urged by some that it was not worth his while to contrive the death o|f a boy, he answered, that they knew little who did not see more than one Marius in that boy|. Caesar, on being informed of this saying, concealed himself, and for a considerable time ke|pt out of the way in the country of the Sabines, often changing his quarters, till one night|, as he was removing from one house to another on account of his health, he fell into the han|ds of Sylla's soldiers, who were searching those parts in order to apprehend any who had absc|onded. Caesar, by a bribe of two talents, prevailed with Cornelius, their captain, to let hi|m go, and was no sooner dismissed but he put to sea and made for Bithynia. After a short sta|y there with Nicomedes, the king, in his passage back he was taken near the island of Pharmac|usa by some of the pirates, who, at that time, with large fleets of ships and innumerable sma|ller vessels, infested the seas everywhere.||When these men at first demanded of him twenty talents for his ransom, he laughed at them fo|r not understanding the value of their prisoner, and voluntarily engaged to give them fifty|. He presently despatched those about him to several places to raise the money, till at las|t he was left among a set of the most bloodthirsty people in the world, the Cilicians, only w|ith one friend and two attendants....|...[MUCH MORE]|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Caesar/)
deat: 15 Mar 0044 BC
marr: ABT 0065 BC
plac: Rome
 Julia Caesaris III (daughter of Julius Caesar) 
birt: ABT 0083 BC
plac: Rome
deat: DECEASED
marr: Apr 0059 BC

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Associates of Princess Rhodogune of Mithradates I

 
 Judas (Judah) Maccabaeus ben Mattathias ben Johanan|High Priest|HIGH PRIEST 166 BC-160 BC, "The Hammerer"
 birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: 0160 BC
 Associates of Judas ben Mattathias 
 birt:
deat: DECEASED
 Demetrius I Soter of Seleucus IV Philopator|King|King of Syria 
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
plac: Syria
deat: 0150 BC
 Demetrius II Nicator of Demetrius I of Seleucus IV|King|King of Syria 
 birt: ABT 0160 BC
plac: Syria
deat: 0125 BC
 Associates of Princess Rhodogune of Mithradates I 
birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: DECEASED
 
 Rhodogune of Mithradates I of Artiobarzanes III|Princess 
birt: ABT 0175 BC
plac: Parthia, Iran
deat: DECEASED

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Antipater II ben Antipater I|Governor|PROCURATOR OF JUDAEA, Governor of Idumea


< Salome I bint Antipater II
birt: ABT 0075 BC
deat: 0010

 
 Eleazar Auran (Avaron) ben Mattathias ben Johanan
 birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Jason ben Eleazar ben Mattathias 
 birt: ABT 0150 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Antipas ben Jason ben Eleazar|Governor|GOVERNOR OF IDUMAEA 
 birt: ABT 0125 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Associates of Governor Antipas ben Jason 
 birt:
deat: DECEASED
 Antipater II ben Antipater I|Governor|PROCURATOR OF JUDAEA, Governor of Idumea 
birt: ABT 0100 BC
plac: Idumea
deat: 0043 BC

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Salome I bint Antipater II


Associates of Salome I bint Antipater
birt: ABT 0075 BC
deat: DECEASED


< Daughter of Josephus ben Antipas
birt: ABT 0050 BC
deat: DECEASED

 
 Jason ben Eleazar ben Mattathias
 birt: ABT 0150 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Antipas ben Jason ben Eleazar|Governor|GOVERNOR OF IDUMAEA 
 birt: ABT 0125 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Associates of Governor Antipas ben Jason 
 birt:
deat: DECEASED
 Antipater II ben Antipater I|Governor|PROCURATOR OF JUDAEA, Governor of Idumea 
 birt: ABT 0100 BC
plac: Idumea
deat: 0043 BC
 Salome I bint Antipater II 
birt: ABT 0075 BC
deat: 0010


Josephus ben Antipas ben Jason
marr:
birt: ABT 0075 BC
deat: DECEASED

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Antipas ben Jason ben Eleazar|Governor|GOVERNOR OF IDUMAEA


< Josephus ben Antipas ben Jason
birt: ABT 0075 BC
deat: DECEASED
marr:


< Josephus ben Antipas ben Jason
birt: ABT 0075 BC
deat: DECEASED


< Associates of Governor Antipas ben Jason
birt:
deat: DECEASED


< Associates of Governor Antipas ben Jason
birt:
deat: DECEASED

 
 Associates of Antiochus VI Dionysus of Alexander Balas
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Mattathias Hasmonai ben Johanan ben Simeon 
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
plac: Modin
deat: 0165 BC
 Eleazar Auran (Avaron) ben Mattathias ben Johanan 
 birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Jason ben Eleazar ben Mattathias 
 birt: ABT 0150 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Antipas ben Jason ben Eleazar|Governor|GOVERNOR OF IDUMAEA 
birt: ABT 0125 BC
deat: DECEASED

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Josephus ben Antipas ben Jason


Associates of Salome I bint Antipater
birt: ABT 0075 BC
deat: DECEASED


< Daughter of Josephus ben Antipas
birt: ABT 0050 BC
deat: DECEASED

 
 Mattathias Hasmonai ben Johanan ben Simeon
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
plac: Modin
deat: 0165 BC
 Eleazar Auran (Avaron) ben Mattathias ben Johanan 
 birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Jason ben Eleazar ben Mattathias 
 birt: ABT 0150 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Antipas ben Jason ben Eleazar|Governor|GOVERNOR OF IDUMAEA 
 birt: ABT 0125 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Josephus ben Antipas ben Jason 
birt: ABT 0075 BC
deat: DECEASED


Salome I bint Antipater II
marr:
birt: ABT 0075 BC
deat: 0010

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Ptolemy XII of Menneus


Associates of Ptolemy XII ben Menneus
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Associates of Alexandria II bint Hyrcanus II
birt: Judea
deat: DECEASED

 
 Menneus (husband of Arsinoe of Ptolemy VIII) 
 birt:
deat: DECEASED
 Ptolemy XII of Menneus 
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Alexandria II (Alexandra) bint Hyrcanus II ben Alexander|Regent
marr:
birt: ABT 0100 BC
plac: Judea
deat: DECEASED
 
  List of Kings
  birt:
deat:
  Ptolemaic Rulers of Egypt 
  birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
  Ptolemy XII Auletes (Theos Philopator Philadelphos Neos Dionysos) of Ptolemy VIIII Soter II Lathyrus|Pharaoh|Ptolemy Neos Dionysus, the New Dionysus 
  birt: 0117 BC
plac: Cyprus
deat: 0051 BC
 Arsinoe IV, daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes 
birt: ABT 0068 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: ABT 0041 BC
plac: execution by the hand of Marc Antony
 
  Ptolemaic Rulers of Egypt
  birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
  Ptolemy IX Soter II Lathyrus of Ptolemy VIII Physcon Euergetes II|King 
  birt: ABT 0145 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 0080 BC
 Cleopatra V Selene, daughter of Ptolemy IX Soter II Lathyrus 
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 
  Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (Physcon) of Ptolemy V Epiphanes|King
  birt: 0181 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 0116 BC
marr: 0142 BC
 Cleopatra IV Tryphaena, daughter of Ptolemy VIII Physcon Euergetes II 
birt: ABT 0138 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 0112 BC
 
 Cleopatra III , daughter of Ptolemy VI Philometor|Queen
birt: ABT 0170 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 0101 BC
marr: 0142 BC

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Alexandria II (Alexandra) bint Hyrcanus II ben Alexander|Regent


< Aristobulus III ben Alexander II ben Aristobulus II
birt: ABT 0075 BC
deat: DECEASED


< Mariamne I bint Alexander II ben Aristobulus II|Princess|OF A PRIESTLY FAMILY
birt: ABT 0075 BC
deat: 0029 BC
plac: Executed


Associates of Ptolemy XII ben Menneus
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Associates of Alexandria II bint Hyrcanus II
birt: Judea
deat: DECEASED

 
 Simon Tharsi (Thassi) Maccabeaus ben Mattathias ben Johanan|SIMON MACCABEAUS; HIGH PRIEST
 birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: 0136 BC/0135
plac: Dok near Jericho|murder
 Johanan (John) Hyrcanus I ben Simon ben Mattathias 
 birt: ABT 0150 BC
deat: 0104 BC
 Alexander I Jannaeus (Jonathan) ben Hyrcanus I ben Simon|King 
 birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: 0076 BC
 Hyrcanus II ben Alexander I ben Hyrcanus 
 birt: ABT 0120 BC
deat: 0030 BC
plac: Execution
 
  Alexandra I Salome (wife of Alexander I ben Hyrcanus )|)|Queen 
 birt: 0140 BC
deat: 0067 BC
 Alexandria II (Alexandra) bint Hyrcanus II ben Alexander|Regent 
birt: ABT 0100 BC
plac: Judea
deat: DECEASED


Ptolemy XII of Menneus
marr:
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Alexander II ben Aristobulus II ben Alexander I
marr:
birt: ABT 0100 BC
deat: 0049 BC

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Hyrcanus II ben Alexander I ben Hyrcanus


< Alexandria II (Alexandra) bint Hyrcanus II ben Alexander|Regent
birt: ABT 0100 BC
plac: Judea
deat: DECEASED
marr:
marr:


< Associates of Hyrcanus II ben Alexander I
birt: ABT 0120 BC
deat: DECEASED

 
 Mattathias Hasmonai ben Johanan ben Simeon
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
plac: Modin
deat: 0165 BC
 Simon Tharsi (Thassi) Maccabeaus ben Mattathias ben Johanan|SIMON MACCABEAUS; HIGH PRIEST 
 birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: 0136 BC/0135
plac: Dok near Jericho|murder
 Johanan (John) Hyrcanus I ben Simon ben Mattathias 
 birt: ABT 0150 BC
deat: 0104 BC
 Alexander I Jannaeus (Jonathan) ben Hyrcanus I ben Simon|King 
 birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: 0076 BC
 Hyrcanus II ben Alexander I ben Hyrcanus 
birt: ABT 0120 BC
deat: 0030 BC
plac: Execution
 
 Alexandra I Salome (wife of Alexander I ben Hyrcanus )|)|Queen 
birt: 0140 BC
deat: 0067 BC

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Alexander I Jannaeus (Jonathan) ben Hyrcanus I ben Simon|King


< Hyrcanus II ben Alexander I ben Hyrcanus
birt: ABT 0120 BC
deat: 0030 BC
plac: Execution


AKA King (Alexander I) Alexander Jannaeus ben Hyrcanus I
birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: 0076 BC


< Associates of King Alexander I ben Hyrcanus
birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: DECEASED


AKA Hasmonean King (Alexander I) Jonathan ben Johanan
birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: 0076 BC


AKA Hasmonean King (Alexander I) Jannai ben Hyrcanus I
birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: 0076 BC


< Aristobulus II ben Alexander I ben Hyrcanus
birt: ABT 0115 BC
deat: 0062 BC


AKA Hasmonean King (Alexander I) Jonathan ben Johanan
birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: 0076 BC

 
 Associates of Antiochus VI Dionysus of Alexander Balas
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Mattathias Hasmonai ben Johanan ben Simeon 
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
plac: Modin
deat: 0165 BC
 Simon Tharsi (Thassi) Maccabeaus ben Mattathias ben Johanan|SIMON MACCABEAUS; HIGH PRIEST 
 birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: 0136 BC/0135
plac: Dok near Jericho|murder
 Johanan (John) Hyrcanus I ben Simon ben Mattathias 
 birt: ABT 0150 BC
deat: 0104 BC
 Alexander I Jannaeus (Jonathan) ben Hyrcanus I ben Simon|King 
birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: 0076 BC


Alexandra I Salome (wife of Alexander I ben Hyrcanus )|)|Queen
marr:
birt: 0140 BC
deat: 0067 BC

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Notes:

HIGH PRIEST AND KING 103 BC-76 BC Alexander Jannai [killed 76 BCE] Sixth Hasmonean priest to rule Judea. The youngest son of Johanan Hyrcanus was imprisoned fo r a year by his oldest brother, Aristobulus [104 BCE]. Released by his widowed sister-in-law , Salome, whom he married, Alexander conquered cities on the Mediterranean coast from Gaza t o Carmel & extended Judean control to Gadara across the Jordan. He ruled more territory tha n any Judean king since Solomon. Yet he faced mounting criticism from chasidic Jews in Jerusa lem. Public outrage at this Hellenized soldier-priest reached a climax when he was pelted wit h citrons at the festival of Sukkoth [Oct. 94 BCE]. His soldiers responded by massacring thou sands of worshippers. This in turn led to a six year revolt led by the Pharisees, who calle d the Syrian king Demetrius III to their aid. Alexander's forces were crushed at Shechem [8 8 BCE]. But the Judean rebels rallied around him, when they realized that the Syrian army pla nned to take Jerusalem. Rather than accept their aid, Alexander sought vengeance against th e rebels by crucifying 800 Pharisees. His remaining years were spent on military campaigns. H e died in battle near Gadara. (http://religion.rutgers.edu/iho/map.html) Alexander I Herodotus, the Father of History, relates how the Macedonian king Alexander I (498-454 BC) , a Philhellene (that is "a friend of the Greeks" and logically a non-Greek), wanted to tak e a part in the Olympic games. The Greek athletes protested, saying they would not run wit h a barbarian. Historian Thucydidis also considered the Macedonians as barbarians. King Philip of Macedon (http://www.geocities.com/~makedonija/philip.html) Alexander Jannaeus JANNAI King of Judaea, 103-76 BCE Born: ? Died: 76 BCE Heritage: Maccabean Faith: Jewish Father: John Hyrcanus I Mother: Spouse: Alexandra Salome Children: son: Hyrcanus II son: Aristobulus II QUICK SKETCH Jannai was declared king of Judaea by the widow of Aristobulus, but against the wishes of th e Jewish religious community. It is possible that Jannai married the widow of Aristobulus, Al exandra. He spent his entire career fighting off invaders and expanding the nation of Judaea . Obedas I, the Nabatean king, stopped his expansion to the east. He did a remarkable servic e to his country against overwhelming odds. In spite of his success in managing the country, the Pharisee’s did not accept him, and kep t the populace in turmoil. Jannai was a progressive, embracing the Hellenizing that was goin g on throughout the Near East. The Pharisee’s were an ultra-conservative group, excessive i n their piety. Toward the end of his career, Jannai became cruel, executing many Jews in retr ibution for offenses, real and imaginary. Jannai designated the position of leader to his wif e, Alexandra. (http://www.ancientroute.com/people/Jannai.htm) DEAD SEA SCROLL4Q448 The Prayer For King Jonathan Scroll The Prayer For King Jonathan Scroll Translation of the Prayer For King Jonathan Scroll Tefillah li-Shlomo shel Yonatan ha-Melekh 4Q448 Parchment Copied between 103-76 B.C.E. Height 17.8 cm (7 in.), length 9.5 cm (3 3/4 in.) Courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority (2) The King Jonathan mentioned in this text can be none other than Alexander Jannaeus, a monarc h of the Hasmonean dynasty who ruled Judea from 103 to 76 B.C.E. The discovery of a prayer fo r the welfare of a Hasmonean king among the Qumran texts is unexpected because the communit y may have vehemently opposed the Hasmoneans. They even may have settled in the remote deser t to avoid contact with the Hasmonean authorities and priesthood. If this is indeed a composi tion that clashes with Qumran views, it is a single occurrence among 600 non-biblical manuscr ipts. However, scholars are exploring the possibility that Jonathan-Jannaeus, unlike the othe r Hasmonean rulers, was favored by the Dead Sea community, at least during certain periods, a nd may explain the prayer's inclusion in the Dead Sea materials. This text is unique in that it can be clearly dated to the rule of King Jonathan. Three colum ns of script are preserved, one on the top and two below. The upper column (A) and the lowe r left (C) column are incomplete. The leather is torn along the lower third of the right marg in. A tab of untanned leather, 2.9 by 2.9 cm, folds over the right edge above the tear. A lea ther thong, remains of which were found threaded through the middle of the leather tab on th e right edge, probably tied the rolled-up scroll. The form of the tab--probably part of a fas tening--seems to indicate that the extant text was at the beginning of the scroll, which wa s originally longer. Differences between the script of Column A and that of B and C could ind icate that this manuscript is not the work of a single scribe. This small manuscript contains two distinct parts. The first, column A, presents fragments o f a psalm of praise to God. The second, columns B and C, bear a prayer for the welfare of Kin g Jonathan and his kingdom. In column A lines 8-10 are similar to a verse in Psalm 154, prese rved in the Psalms Scroll (11QPsa) exhibited here. This hymn, which was not included in the b iblical Book of Psalms, is familiar, however, from the tenth-century Syriac Psalter. Reference: Eshel, E., H. Eshel, and A. Yardeni. "A Qumran Scroll Containing Part of Psalm 154 and a Pray er for the Welfare of King Jonathan and His Kingdom," Israel Exploration Journal, forthcoming . (http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/scrolls/scr3.html)


Alexandra I Salome (wife of Alexander I ben Hyrcanus )|)|Queen


< Hyrcanus II ben Alexander I ben Hyrcanus
birt: ABT 0120 BC
deat: 0030 BC
plac: Execution


AKA King (Alexander I) Alexander Jannaeus ben Hyrcanus I
birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: 0076 BC


< Associates of King Alexander I ben Hyrcanus
birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: DECEASED


AKA Hasmonean King (Alexander I) Jonathan ben Johanan
birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: 0076 BC


AKA Hasmonean King (Alexander I) Jannai ben Hyrcanus I
birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: 0076 BC


< Aristobulus II ben Alexander I ben Hyrcanus
birt: ABT 0115 BC
deat: 0062 BC


AKA Hasmonean King (Alexander I) Jonathan ben Johanan
birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: 0076 BC


Associates of Aristobulus I ben Hyrcanus
birt:
deat: DECEASED

 
 Alexandra I Salome (wife of Alexander I ben Hyrcanus )|)|Queen 
birt: 0140 BC
deat: 0067 BC


Alexander I Jannaeus (Jonathan) ben Hyrcanus I ben Simon|King
marr:
birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: 0076 BC


Judas Aristobulus I ben Hyrcanus I ben Simon|King
marr:
birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: 0103 BC

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Alexander II ben Aristobulus II ben Alexander I


< Aristobulus III ben Alexander II ben Aristobulus II
birt: ABT 0075 BC
deat: DECEASED


< Mariamne I bint Alexander II ben Aristobulus II|Princess|OF A PRIESTLY FAMILY
birt: ABT 0075 BC
deat: 0029 BC
plac: Executed

 
 Simon Tharsi (Thassi) Maccabeaus ben Mattathias ben Johanan|SIMON MACCABEAUS; HIGH PRIEST
 birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: 0136 BC/0135
plac: Dok near Jericho|murder
 Johanan (John) Hyrcanus I ben Simon ben Mattathias 
 birt: ABT 0150 BC
deat: 0104 BC
 Alexander I Jannaeus (Jonathan) ben Hyrcanus I ben Simon|King 
 birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: 0076 BC
marr:
 Aristobulus II ben Alexander I ben Hyrcanus 
 birt: ABT 0115 BC
deat: 0062 BC
 
  Alexandra I Salome (wife of Alexander I ben Hyrcanus )|)|Queen 
 birt: 0140 BC
deat: 0067 BC
marr:
marr:
 Alexander II ben Aristobulus II ben Alexander I 
birt: ABT 0100 BC
deat: 0049 BC


Alexandria II (Alexandra) bint Hyrcanus II ben Alexander|Regent
marr:
birt: ABT 0100 BC
plac: Judea
deat: DECEASED

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Clarence George Stemen

 
 Peter Stemen
 birt:
deat:
 Peter Stemen 
 birt:
deat:
marr:
 
  Mary Magdalene Swick
 birt:
deat:
 Benjamin Stemen 
 birt:
deat:
marr:
 
  Mary Magdalene Blosser 
 birt:
deat:
marr:
 Daniel Peter Stemen 
 birt:
deat:
marr:
 
  Lucinda C. Conrad 
 birt:
deat:
marr:
 Clarence George Stemen 
birt:
deat:
 
 Matilda Nihiser 
birt:
deat:
marr:

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Antigonus ben Aristobulus II ben Alexander I


< Daughter of Antigonus ben Aristobulus II
birt: ABT 0070 BC
deat: DECEASED

 
 Simon Tharsi (Thassi) Maccabeaus ben Mattathias ben Johanan|SIMON MACCABEAUS; HIGH PRIEST
 birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: 0136 BC/0135
plac: Dok near Jericho|murder
 Johanan (John) Hyrcanus I ben Simon ben Mattathias 
 birt: ABT 0150 BC
deat: 0104 BC
 Alexander I Jannaeus (Jonathan) ben Hyrcanus I ben Simon|King 
 birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: 0076 BC
marr:
 Aristobulus II ben Alexander I ben Hyrcanus 
 birt: ABT 0115 BC
deat: 0062 BC
 
  Alexandra I Salome (wife of Alexander I ben Hyrcanus )|)|Queen 
 birt: 0140 BC
deat: 0067 BC
marr:
marr:
 Antigonus ben Aristobulus II ben Alexander I 
birt: ABT 0100 BC
deat: DECEASED

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HIGH PRIEST AND KING; DIED 37 BC Antigonus [executed 30 BCE] Ninth & last Hasmonean to claim control of Judea. The ambitious younger son of Aristobulus II , with his older brother, led several futile Jewish rebellions against the Romans [57-55 BCE ] during their father's imprisonment, which only increased Rome's suspicions of independence- minded Jews. The murder of Antipater [43 BCE] -- the chief supporter of his uncle, Hyrcanu s II -- led Antigonus to launch a last attempt to seize control of Judea. He was defeated i n battle by Antipater's younger son, Herod. But Antigonus allied himself with the Parthians , who were challenging Rome for control of Syria & Palestine. Proclaiming Antigonus "king" [b asileus], a Parthian force took Jerusalem [40 BCE], deposed Hyrcanus from the high-priesthoo d & held Herod's older brother, Phasael, hostage. Herod, however, escaped & rallied Roman sup port. With his Parthian allies bested by Marc Antony, Antigonus was isolated & eventually cap tured in Jerusalem by Herod [37 BCE], who delivered him to the Romans at Antioch, where he wa s beheaded: the first "king" to be so executed at the hands of Rome. (http://religion.rutgers.edu/iho/map.html)


Johanan (John) Hyrcanus I ben Simon ben Mattathias


< Alexander I Jannaeus (Jonathan) ben Hyrcanus I ben Simon|King
birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: 0076 BC
marr:


< Judas Aristobulus I ben Hyrcanus I ben Simon|King
birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: 0103 BC
marr:


< Antigonus (Matthew) ben Hyrcanus I ben Simon
birt: ABT 0130 BC
deat: DECEASED


AKA (Johanan) John Hyrcanus ben Simon
birt: ABT 0150 BC
deat: 0104 BC

 
 Antiochus VI Theos (Dionysus Epiphanes) of Alexander I Balas|King|Antiochus the Visible God|King of Syria
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
plac: Syria
deat: 0142 BC
 Associates of Antiochus VI Dionysus of Alexander Balas 
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Mattathias Hasmonai ben Johanan ben Simeon 
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
plac: Modin
deat: 0165 BC
 Simon Tharsi (Thassi) Maccabeaus ben Mattathias ben Johanan|SIMON MACCABEAUS; HIGH PRIEST 
 birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: 0136 BC/0135
plac: Dok near Jericho|murder
 Johanan (John) Hyrcanus I ben Simon ben Mattathias 
birt: ABT 0150 BC
deat: 0104 BC

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OR "JOHN"; HIGH PRIEST AND ETHNARCH 134 BC-104 BC Johanan [John] Hyrcanus [died 104 BCE] Grandson of Mattathias of Modein & chief architect of Judean dominance of Palestine. The youn gest & only surviving son of Simon Thassi succeeded his father as high priest in 134 BCE. H e was the fourth Hasmonean to rule Jerusalem. But his tenure began with a year-long Syrian si ege that forced him agree to tear down the city's fortifications & renew tribute the Greek em peror [133 BCE]. Within a few years, however, he took advantage of political turmoil in Syri a following the death of Antiochus VII [129 BCE] to rebuild his forces, reclaim independenc e and extend Judean control over Palestine & Jordan. On the southern front he forced Judah' s neighbors in Idumea [descendents of the Edomites] to accept Judaism & on the northern fron t he destroyed the rival temple at Shechem in Samaria. Such triumphs made him the probable su bject of messianic tributes by his fellow Judeans. But his own preference for Greek culture m ade him controversial in Jerusalem. When Pharisees challenged his right to be high priest, h e switched his allegiance to the aristocratic Sadducee [Zadokite] party. Still, the Dead Se a Scrolls suggest that other Zadokites probably rejected his leadership & left Jerusalem, lab eling him the "wicked priest," who persecuted the priest whom they regarded as the "Teacher o f Righteousness." (http://religion.rutgers.edu/iho/map.html) BD MACCABEES A family of Jewish patriots. In 175 B.C. ... [SIMON's] son, JOHN HYRCANUS, then became high priest. He built the fortress in Jerusalem tha t was afterwards known as the Castle Antonia, and destroyed the Samaritan temple on Mount Ger izim. After his death the position of the family was less secure. The Herodian family were po werful rivals, and the marriage of MARIAMNE, a Maccabaean princess, with Herod the Great in 3 8 B.C. marks the end of the Maccabaean dynasty. The first book of Maccabees (see Apocrypha) contains a history of events from 175 to 135 B.C. , and was probably written about 11 B.C. It was written in Hebrew or Aramaic, but only a Gree k translation has survived. It forms a historical document of the highest importance. The sec ond book of Maccabees is an inferior work and less trustworthy, being an abridgment of a larg er history by Jason of Cyrene (2: 23). It deals with the years 175-160, and therefore goes ov er part of the period described in 1 Macc. It was written in Greek, probably by an Egyptian J ew.


Simon Tharsi (Thassi) Maccabeaus ben Mattathias ben Johanan|SIMON MACCABEAUS; HIGH PRIEST


< Johanan (John) Hyrcanus I ben Simon ben Mattathias
birt: ABT 0150 BC
deat: 0104 BC


< Judas (Judah Maccabee) ben Simon ben Mattathias
birt: ABT 0150 BC
deat: 0136 BC/0135
plac: Dok near Jericho


< Mattathias ben Simon ben Mattathias
birt: ABT 0150 BC
deat: 0136 BC/0135
plac: Dok near Jericho


< Daughter of Simon ben Mattathias
birt: ABT 0150 BC
deat: DECEASED

 
 Antiochus V Eupator of Antiochus IV Epiphanes|King|King of Syria
 birt: ABT 0195 BC
plac: Syria
deat: 0162 BC
 Antiochus VI Theos (Dionysus Epiphanes) of Alexander I Balas|King|Antiochus the Visible God|King of Syria 
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
plac: Syria
deat: 0142 BC
 Associates of Antiochus VI Dionysus of Alexander Balas 
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Mattathias Hasmonai ben Johanan ben Simeon 
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
plac: Modin
deat: 0165 BC
 Simon Tharsi (Thassi) Maccabeaus ben Mattathias ben Johanan|SIMON MACCABEAUS; HIGH PRIEST 
birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: 0136 BC/0135
plac: Dok near Jericho|murder

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Mattathias Hasmonai ben Johanan ben Simeon


< Simon Tharsi (Thassi) Maccabeaus ben Mattathias ben Johanan|SIMON MACCABEAUS; HIGH PRIEST
birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: 0136 BC/0135
plac: Dok near Jericho|murder


< Jonathan Apphus ben Mattathias ben Johanan|High Priest
birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: 0142 BC


< Judas (Judah) Maccabaeus ben Mattathias ben Johanan|High Priest|HIGH PRIEST 166 BC-160 BC, "The Hammerer"
birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: 0160 BC


< Johanan Gaddi ben Mattathias ben Johanan
birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: DECEASED


AKA Hasmonai Mattathias ben Johanan
birt: ABT 0200 BC
deat: DECEASED


< Associates of The (Hasmonaeans) Maccabeeans
birt: ABT 0200 BC
deat: DECEASED


< Eleazar Auran (Avaron) ben Mattathias ben Johanan
birt: ABT 0175 BC
deat: DECEASED

 
 Antiochus IV Epiphanes (Ariochus) of Antiochus III Magnus|King|Ariochus IV, King of Syria
 birt: ABT 0225 BC
plac: Syria
deat: ABT 0164 BC
 Antiochus V Eupator of Antiochus IV Epiphanes|King|King of Syria 
 birt: ABT 0195 BC
plac: Syria
deat: 0162 BC
 
  Laodice (wife of Antiochus IV)
 birt: ABT 0225 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Antiochus VI Theos (Dionysus Epiphanes) of Alexander I Balas|King|Antiochus the Visible God|King of Syria 
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
plac: Syria
deat: 0142 BC
 Associates of Antiochus VI Dionysus of Alexander Balas 
 birt: ABT 0200 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Mattathias Hasmonai ben Johanan ben Simeon 
birt: ABT 0200 BC
plac: Modin
deat: 0165 BC

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DIED 166 BCE mat-a-thi'-as (Mattathias). The persons of this name in the Apocrypha are: (1) Mattathias the father of the Maccabees. See ASMONEANS; MACCABEES. Mattathias ben Johanan [died 165 BCE] Author of the Judean revolt against the Greco-Syrian empire [166 BCE] & patriarch of the Hasm onean dynasty of Judean rulers. By birth Mattathias was a lesser priest of the line of Jehoia rib & the family of Hasmon. A fervent religious conservative, he moved his family to Modein , a village northwest of Jerusalem, to escape Hellenization of the temple cult. After Antioch us IV pillaged the temple & replaced Judean religious tradition with Greek worship & cultur e [167 CE], Mattathias led Judeans to rebel against Syrian domination. He died within a yea r but his revolt was continued by his sons, three of whom -- Judah Maccabee, Jonathan & Simo n -- became de facto rulers of Judea. His descendents (through the offspring of Aristobulus I V) remained prominent in the politics of the Near East until almost 100 CE. He himself was ce lebrated in later rabbinic Judaism as a champion of religious freedom. (http://religion.rutgers.edu/iho/map.html) Syrian soldiers arrived in the village of Modin and summoned the inhabitants to abandon th e Law and become idol worshipers. There they met Mattathias (the Hasmonean) and his sons Joh anan, Simon, Judah, Eleazar, and Jonathan. Mattathias refused to obey. When an apostate ran up to offer the pagan sacrifice Mattath ias drew a sword from a Syrian sheath and slew the man. His sons armed with long knives, fel l upon the Syrian troops, killing them and destroying the altar. Then, Mattathias said, "Who ever is zealous for the Law, and whoever wishes to support the Covenant, follow me." Mattathias started a guerrilla war and upon his death in 167 his son Judah took comman d of the army. Judah was a warrior such as the House of Israel had not seen since the day s of David and Joab. In battle "he was like a lion in his rage." Under his leadership sever al Syrian armies were defeated. ... ---- "The Real Miracle of Hanukah" by Barry Mehler, Associate Professor of History (http://www.fer ris.edu/htmls/academics/syllabi/mehlerbarry/geninfo/Jewishinfo/jewish12-13-98.htm) BD MACCABEES A family of Jewish patriots. In 175 B.C. ... Resistance [to ANTIOCHUS EPIPHANES] began at Modin, a town near Beth-horon, where an aged pri est named MATTATHIAS, of the family of Asmon or Chasmon, slew the sacrificers, and also the k ing’s officer under whose direction the altar had been erected. Mattathias was the father o f five sons (1 Macc. 2:15-28), and with a large body of followers took refuge among the mount ains. They were attacked on the Sabbath, and thousands were slain. It was afterwards resolve d to disregard the Sabbatical rule and, if necessary, to fight in self-defense.