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Al-Hasan Al-Sibt ibn Ali

< Al-Hassan Al-Muthanna birt: deat: < Alizain Al-Abidin birt: 0653 deat: 0713 < Husayn ibn Al-Hasan birt: 0669 plac: Arabia deat:
					Hashim 'Amr Al-Muttalib
					birt: ABT 0464 deat: marr:
				'Abd Al-Muttalib
				birt: ABT 0497 deat: ABT 0559 marr:
					Atika of the Bani Cays Aylan
					birt: deat: marr:
			'Abd Manaf Abu Talib ibn Al-Muttalib
			birt: deat:
				Fatima bint 'Amir
				birt: deat: marr:
		Ali ibn Abu-Talib 4th Caliph Iraq\|4th Caliph Iraq
		birt: ABT 0600 plac: Mecca deat: ABT Jan 0659/0660 plac: Kufah,Iraq marr:
	Al-Hasan Al-Sibt ibn Ali
	birt: 1 Mar 0624/0625 plac: Kufa, Arabia, (Saudi Arabia) deat: 3 Jun 0670 plac: Medina, Arabia Zhadah (Ju'da) Bint Al-Ash' marr: birt: Arabia deat: AFT 0670 plac: Arabia
					'Abd Al-Muttalib
					birt: ABT 0497 deat: ABT 0559 marr:
				'Abd Allah Ibn 'Abd Al-Muttalib
				birt: ABT 0554 deat: ABT 0571 marr:
					Fatima bint 'Amir
					birt: deat: marr:
			Muhammad (Mohammad) Abdullah ISLAMIC PROPHET
			birt: ABT 25 Mar 0571 plac: Mecca,Arabia deat: 8 Jun 0632 plac: Poisoned in Medina,Arabia marr: ABT 0595 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0617 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0617 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0623 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: BEF 0625 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0626 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0626 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0626 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: AFT 0626 plac: Not consummated\|10 May 2003
				Amina bint Wahb
				birt: deat: ABT 0577 marr:
		Fatima Bint Muhammed
		birt: ABT 0606 plac: Arabia deat: ABT 0632 plac: Arabia marr:
					Asad
					birt: deat: marr:
				Khuwaylid
				birt: deat: marr:
					Unknown Female
					birt: deat: marr:
			Khadija bint Khuwaylid
			birt: ABT 0556 plac: of the Koreish Tribe deat: ABT 0617 marr: ABT 0576 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0595 plac: 10 May 2003
				Unknown Female
				birt: deat: marr:

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Name Prefix: IMAM OF ARABIA Notes: He is said to have had 90 wives. Died: 670 - Poisoned by Zhâdah at the instigation o f the Caliph Mu'uwiya. His Majesty King Abdullah of Jordan descends from al-Hasan through hi s father the lateKing Hussein. He was born in Madina in the middle of the month of Ramadha n in3 A.H; He died on the 28th of Safar in the year 50 A.H. He was buried in the graveyard o f Baqi in Madina Imam Al-Hasan (Peace Be On Him) ------------------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------ His father was the Commander of the faithful (Amir al -mu'minin), 'Ali b. Abu Talib. His mother was the mistress of the women of the worlds, Fatim a the daughter of the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him and his family. His Birth He wa s born in Medina on the night of the middle day of the month of Ramadan, in the year 3 A.H. H ewas the eldest son. When al-Hasan was born, the Prophet, may Allah bless himand his family , took him. Then the Prophet said the adhan (call to prayer) in al-Hasan's right ear, and sai d the iqama (words similar to the adhan) in his left ear. Then he sacrificed a ram for him (i n the ceremony of `aqiqa). Then he shaved his hair. He (i.e., the Prophet) gave silver equa l to his hair. So the weight of al-Hasan's hair was a dirham and some of silver. Then he orde red his hair to perfumed. So the `aqiqa and giving alms as equal as the weight of hair have b ecome Sunna (an act of the Prophet). The Prophet named him Hasan. People did not know suc h a name in the pre- Islamic period. Also he gave him Kunya (i.e., the name by which an Ara b is usually referred to and which refers to him as the father of someone, usually his eldes t son) as Abu Muhammad. Al-Hasan had noKunya other than this (Abu Muhammad). His Nick-Names , al-Sibt, al-Sayyid, al-Zaki, al-Mujtaba, al-Taqi. His Wives Al-Hasan married Umm Ishaq bi nt (the daughter of) Talha b. `Ubayd Allah, Hafsa bint (the daughter of) 'Abd al-Rahman b.Ab u Bakr, Hind bint (the daughter of) Suhayl b. `Amru, and Ju'da bint (the daughter of ) al-Ash 'ath b. Qays, whom Mu'awiya tempted to kill al-Hasan. So she killed him with poison. His Chi ldren Al-Hasan had fifteen children, both male and female: Zayd, al-Hasan, `Amru, al-Qasim , `Abd Allah, `Abd al-Rahman, al-Hasan al-Athram, and Talha, Umm al-Hasan, Umm al-Husayn, Fat ima, Umm Salama, Ruqayya, Umm `Abd Allah, and Fatima. His Characteristics No one was more l ike the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him and his family, than al-Hasan b. 'Ali, peace b e on him, in form, manner, and nobility. In this manner the describers have described al-Has an and said: "He (al-Hasan) had a white, reddish face. He hadblack eyes, smooth cheeks, thic k beard, and curly, plentiful hair. His neck was as white as a jug of silver. His body was go od. He had large shoulders, and big fleshy bones. He was of medium height; neither long nor s hort. He was handsome; the best of all people in face. Al-Hasan, peace be on him, was as th e poetsaid: When some handsomeness creeps into the insights of imaginations, He (al-Hasan) h as the special share. His forehead from under his forelock is like Thefull moon that illumina tes the dark night. His ambergris and musk is far abovethe perfume of The people of the earth , so he is the heavenly perfume. Ibn Sa'd said: "Al-Hasan and al-Husayn used to dye black." W asil b. `Ata' said: "Al-Hasan b. 'Ali, peace be on them, had the visage of prophets and the g lory of kings." His Worship Al-Hasan, peace be on him, performed the hajj on foot twenty-fi ve times. When he mentioned death, he wept. When he mentioned the grave, hewept. When he men tioned the resurrection, he wept. When he mentioned crossingthe sirat (a kind of bridge whic h only the righteous can cross on the road to Paradise), he wept. When he mentioned the stand ing before Allah, the Great and Almighty, he fainted. When he mentioned Paradise and Fire, h e shock as the sickperson did. So he asked Allah to make him enter P

Alizain Al-Abidin

< Mohammad Al-Bakhir birt: 0681 plac: IRAQ deat: 0733
					'Abd Al-Muttalib
					birt: ABT 0497 deat: ABT 0559 marr:
				'Abd Manaf Abu Talib ibn Al-Muttalib
				birt: deat:
					Fatima bint 'Amir
					birt: deat: marr:
			Ali ibn Abu-Talib 4th Caliph Iraq\|4th Caliph Iraq
			birt: ABT 0600 plac: Mecca deat: ABT Jan 0659/0660 plac: Kufah,Iraq marr:
		Al-Hasan Al-Sibt ibn Ali
		birt: 1 Mar 0624/0625 plac: Kufa, Arabia, (Saudi Arabia) deat: 3 Jun 0670 plac: Medina, Arabia marr:
					'Abd Allah Ibn 'Abd Al-Muttalib
					birt: ABT 0554 deat: ABT 0571 marr:
				Muhammad (Mohammad) Abdullah ISLAMIC PROPHET
				birt: ABT 25 Mar 0571 plac: Mecca,Arabia deat: 8 Jun 0632 plac: Poisoned in Medina,Arabia marr: ABT 0595 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0617 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0617 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0623 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: BEF 0625 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0626 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0626 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0626 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: AFT 0626 plac: Not consummated\|10 May 2003
					Amina bint Wahb
					birt: deat: ABT 0577 marr:
			Fatima Bint Muhammed
			birt: ABT 0606 plac: Arabia deat: ABT 0632 plac: Arabia marr:
					Khuwaylid
					birt: deat: marr:
				Khadija bint Khuwaylid
				birt: ABT 0556 plac: of the Koreish Tribe deat: ABT 0617 marr: ABT 0576 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0595 plac: 10 May 2003
					Unknown Female
					birt: deat: marr:
	Alizain Al-Abidin
	birt: 0653 deat: 0713
		Zhadah (Ju'da) Bint Al-Ash'
		birt: Arabia deat: AFT 0670 plac: Arabia marr:

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Name Prefix: IMAM OF IRAQ

Mohammad Al-Bakhir

< Djafar Al-Sadikh birt: 0708 plac: Iraq deat: 0765
					'Abd Manaf Abu Talib ibn Al-Muttalib
					birt: deat:
				Ali ibn Abu-Talib 4th Caliph Iraq\|4th Caliph Iraq
				birt: ABT 0600 plac: Mecca deat: ABT Jan 0659/0660 plac: Kufah,Iraq marr:
			Al-Hasan Al-Sibt ibn Ali
			birt: 1 Mar 0624/0625 plac: Kufa, Arabia, (Saudi Arabia) deat: 3 Jun 0670 plac: Medina, Arabia marr:
					Muhammad (Mohammad) Abdullah ISLAMIC PROPHET
					birt: ABT 25 Mar 0571 plac: Mecca,Arabia deat: 8 Jun 0632 plac: Poisoned in Medina,Arabia marr: ABT 0595 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0617 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0617 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0623 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: BEF 0625 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0626 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0626 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0626 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: AFT 0626 plac: Not consummated\|10 May 2003
				Fatima Bint Muhammed
				birt: ABT 0606 plac: Arabia deat: ABT 0632 plac: Arabia marr:
					Khadija bint Khuwaylid
					birt: ABT 0556 plac: of the Koreish Tribe deat: ABT 0617 marr: ABT 0576 plac: 10 May 2003 marr: ABT 0595 plac: 10 May 2003
		Alizain Al-Abidin
		birt: 0653 deat: 0713
			Zhadah (Ju'da) Bint Al-Ash'
			birt: Arabia deat: AFT 0670 plac: Arabia marr:
	Mohammad Al-Bakhir
	birt: 0681 plac: IRAQ deat: 0733

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Name Prefix: IMAM OF IRAQ

Djafar Al-Sadikh

< Isma'il ibn Gafar birt: 0736 deat: 0760
					Ali ibn Abu-Talib 4th Caliph Iraq\|4th Caliph Iraq
					birt: ABT 0600 plac: Mecca deat: ABT Jan 0659/0660 plac: Kufah,Iraq marr:
				Al-Hasan Al-Sibt ibn Ali
				birt: 1 Mar 0624/0625 plac: Kufa, Arabia, (Saudi Arabia) deat: 3 Jun 0670 plac: Medina, Arabia marr:
					Fatima Bint Muhammed
					birt: ABT 0606 plac: Arabia deat: ABT 0632 plac: Arabia marr:
			Alizain Al-Abidin
			birt: 0653 deat: 0713
				Zhadah (Ju'da) Bint Al-Ash'
				birt: Arabia deat: AFT 0670 plac: Arabia marr:
		Mohammad Al-Bakhir
		birt: 0681 plac: IRAQ deat: 0733
	Djafar Al-Sadikh
	birt: 0708 plac: Iraq deat: 0765

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Name Prefix: IMAM OF IRAQ

Isma'il ibn Gafar

< Mohammad ibn Isma'il birt: 0759 deat:
					Al-Hasan Al-Sibt ibn Ali
					birt: 1 Mar 0624/0625 plac: Kufa, Arabia, (Saudi Arabia) deat: 3 Jun 0670 plac: Medina, Arabia marr:
				Alizain Al-Abidin
				birt: 0653 deat: 0713
					Zhadah (Ju'da) Bint Al-Ash'
					birt: Arabia deat: AFT 0670 plac: Arabia marr:
			Mohammad Al-Bakhir
			birt: 0681 plac: IRAQ deat: 0733
		Djafar Al-Sadikh
		birt: 0708 plac: Iraq deat: 0765
	Isma'il ibn Gafar
	birt: 0736 deat: 0760

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Mohammad ibn Isma'il

< Isma'il ibn Mohammad birt: 0791 deat:
					Alizain Al-Abidin
					birt: 0653 deat: 0713
				Mohammad Al-Bakhir
				birt: 0681 plac: IRAQ deat: 0733
			Djafar Al-Sadikh
			birt: 0708 plac: Iraq deat: 0765
		Isma'il ibn Gafar
		birt: 0736 deat: 0760
	Mohammad ibn Isma'il
	birt: 0759 deat:

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Isma'il ibn Mohammad

< Ahmed ibn Isma'il birt: 0818 deat:
					Mohammad Al-Bakhir
					birt: 0681 plac: IRAQ deat: 0733
				Djafar Al-Sadikh
				birt: 0708 plac: Iraq deat: 0765
			Isma'il ibn Gafar
			birt: 0736 deat: 0760
		Mohammad ibn Isma'il
		birt: 0759 deat:
	Isma'il ibn Mohammad
	birt: 0791 deat:

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Ahmed ibn Isma'il

< Obeidallah Al-Mahdi birt: 0846 deat: 0934
					Djafar Al-Sadikh
					birt: 0708 plac: Iraq deat: 0765
				Isma'il ibn Gafar
				birt: 0736 deat: 0760
			Mohammad ibn Isma'il
			birt: 0759 deat:
		Isma'il ibn Mohammad
		birt: 0791 deat:
	Ahmed ibn Isma'il
	birt: 0818 deat:

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Obeidallah Al-Mahdi

< Mohammad Al-Khaim birt: 0873 plac: Egypt deat: 0946
					Isma'il ibn Gafar
					birt: 0736 deat: 0760
				Mohammad ibn Isma'il
				birt: 0759 deat:
			Isma'il ibn Mohammad
			birt: 0791 deat:
		Ahmed ibn Isma'il
		birt: 0818 deat:
	Obeidallah Al-Mahdi
	birt: 0846 deat: 0934 Fatimid marr: birt: Egypt deat:

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Fatimid

< Mohammad Al-Khaim birt: 0873 plac: Egypt deat: 0946
			Fatimid
			birt: Egypt deat: Obeidallah Al-Mahdi marr: birt: 0846 deat: 0934

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Name Prefix: CALIPH

Mohammad Al-Khaim

< Isma'il Al-Mansur birt: Egypt deat: 0952
		Fatimid
		birt: Egypt deat: marr:
	Mohammad Al-Khaim
	birt: 0873 plac: Egypt deat: 0946
					Mohammad ibn Isma'il
					birt: 0759 deat:
				Isma'il ibn Mohammad
				birt: 0791 deat:
			Ahmed ibn Isma'il
			birt: 0818 deat:
		Obeidallah Al-Mahdi
		birt: 0846 deat: 0934 marr:

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Name Prefix: CALIPH

Isma'il Al-Mansur

< Daughter Bint Isma'il birt: Egypt deat:
			Fatimid
			birt: Egypt deat: marr:
		Mohammad Al-Khaim
		birt: 0873 plac: Egypt deat: 0946
					Isma'il ibn Mohammad
					birt: 0791 deat:
				Ahmed ibn Isma'il
				birt: 0818 deat:
			Obeidallah Al-Mahdi
			birt: 0846 deat: 0934 marr:
	Isma'il Al-Mansur
	birt: Egypt deat: 0952

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Name Prefix: CALIPH OF EGYPT

Daughter Bint Isma'il

< Muhammad ibn Isma'il birt: 0984 plac: Seville, Spain deat: 1042
				Fatimid
				birt: Egypt deat: marr:
			Mohammad Al-Khaim
			birt: 0873 plac: Egypt deat: 0946
					Ahmed ibn Isma'il
					birt: 0818 deat:
				Obeidallah Al-Mahdi
				birt: 0846 deat: 0934 marr:
		Isma'il Al-Mansur
		birt: Egypt deat: 0952
	Daughter Bint Isma'il
	birt: Egypt deat: Isma'il ibn Qara'is marr: birt: 0954 plac: Seville, Spain deat:

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Isma'il ibn Qara'is

< Muhammad ibn Isma'il birt: 0984 plac: Seville, Spain deat: 1042
					Aslan ibn 'Amr
					birt: 0850 plac: SEVILLE, SPAIN deat:
				'Amr ibn Aslan
				birt: 0870 plac: Seville, Spain deat:
			Abbad ibn 'Amr
			birt: 0894 plac: Seville, Spain deat:
		Qara'is ibn Abbad
		birt: 0924 plac: Seville, Spain deat:
	Isma'il ibn Qara'is
	birt: 0954 plac: Seville, Spain deat: Daughter Bint Isma'il marr: birt: Egypt deat:

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Name Prefix: IMAM OF SEVILLE

Muhammad ibn Isma'il

< Muhammad Ben Al-Mutadid birt: 1014 plac: Seville, Spain deat: 1086 plac: Seville, Spain
					'Amr ibn Aslan
					birt: 0870 plac: Seville, Spain deat:
				Abbad ibn 'Amr
				birt: 0894 plac: Seville, Spain deat:
			Qara'is ibn Abbad
			birt: 0924 plac: Seville, Spain deat:
		Isma'il ibn Qara'is
		birt: 0954 plac: Seville, Spain deat: marr:
	Muhammad ibn Isma'il
	birt: 0984 plac: Seville, Spain deat: 1042
					Fatimid
					birt: Egypt deat: marr:
				Mohammad Al-Khaim
				birt: 0873 plac: Egypt deat: 0946
					Obeidallah Al-Mahdi
					birt: 0846 deat: 0934 marr:
			Isma'il Al-Mansur
			birt: Egypt deat: 0952
		Daughter Bint Isma'il
		birt: Egypt deat: marr:

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Name Suffix: I Name Prefix: SULTAN OF SEVILLE

Daughter Al-Mutadid

< Muhammad (Abu-I-Kasim) Al-Mutamid birt: BEF 1040 plac: Seville, Spain deat: 1095 plac: Aghmat, Morocco
			Daughter Al-Mutadid
			birt: 1019 plac: Balearic Isles, Spain deat: Muhammad Ben Al-Mutadid marr: birt: 1014 plac: Seville, Spain deat: 1086 plac: Seville, Spain

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Name Suffix: OF MUJAHID OF DANIA

Muhammad Ben Al-Mutadid

< Muhammad (Abu-I-Kasim) Al-Mutamid birt: BEF 1040 plac: Seville, Spain deat: 1095 plac: Aghmat, Morocco
					Abbad ibn 'Amr
					birt: 0894 plac: Seville, Spain deat:
				Qara'is ibn Abbad
				birt: 0924 plac: Seville, Spain deat:
			Isma'il ibn Qara'is
			birt: 0954 plac: Seville, Spain deat: marr:
		Muhammad ibn Isma'il
		birt: 0984 plac: Seville, Spain deat: 1042
					Mohammad Al-Khaim
					birt: 0873 plac: Egypt deat: 0946
				Isma'il Al-Mansur
				birt: Egypt deat: 0952
			Daughter Bint Isma'il
			birt: Egypt deat: marr:
	Muhammad Ben Al-Mutadid
	birt: 1014 plac: Seville, Spain deat: 1086 plac: Seville, Spain Daughter Al-Mutadid marr: birt: 1019 plac: Balearic Isles, Spain deat:

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Name Suffix: II Name Prefix: SULTAN OF SEVILLE Offensive War to Spread Islam Muhammad and his successors initiated offensive wars against pe aceful countries in order to impose Islam by force as well as to seize the abundance of thes e lands. Their objective was to capture women and children and to putan end to the poverty an d hunger from which Arab Muslims suffered. So, Islam was imposed upon Syria, Jordan, Palestin e (Jerusalem), Egypt, Libya, Iraq, Iran,all of North Africa, some parts of India and China, a nd later Spain. Undoubtedly, the concept of an offensive war to spread the faith is a genuin e Islamic concept; it is known as a Holy War for the sake of God. We will see what Muslim sch olars have explicitly determined that this is the essence of Islam. They alsoindicate that i f sufficient military power is available to Islamic countries,they ought to attack all othe r countries in order to force them to embrace Islam, or pay the poll tax and be subject to Is lamic rule. Muhammad (as well as allthe Caliphs who succeeded him) called for holy wars . Al l scholars and lawyersacknowledge that. Those who say that the Islamic wars were always defe nsive do not understand Islam and have not read sufficient history. It should be evident tha t offensive wars to spread Islam are the heart of the entire religion ofIslam. They embody th e meaning of "Striving for the cause of God"-holy war to make the Word of God supreme over th e whole world. Our study will be filled withobjective quotes from the statements of scholars , along with a throng of truestories.

Al Ma'mun De Seville


				Isma'il ibn Qara'is
				birt: 0954 plac: Seville, Spain deat: marr:
			Muhammad ibn Isma'il
			birt: 0984 plac: Seville, Spain deat: 1042
				Daughter Bint Isma'il
				birt: Egypt deat: marr:
		Muhammad Ben Al-Mutadid
		birt: 1014 plac: Seville, Spain deat: 1086 plac: Seville, Spain marr:
	Muhammad (Abu-I-Kasim) Al-Mutamid
	birt: BEF 1040 plac: Seville, Spain deat: 1095 plac: Aghmat, Morocco
		Daughter Al-Mutadid
		birt: 1019 plac: Balearic Isles, Spain deat: marr:
Al Ma'mun De Seville
birt: deat: 1090 plac: Cordoba, Spain
	I'Tamid
	birt: Balearic Isles, Spain deat: Morocco

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Name Prefix: PRINCE OF SEVILEE

I'Tamid

< Princess Zaida De Denia birt: Denia, Alicate, Spain deat: 1103 plac: Spain marr: 1096 plac: Of,Denia,Alicante,Spain Al Ma'mun De Seville birt: deat: 1090 plac: Cordoba, Spain
			I'Tamid
			birt: Balearic Isles, Spain deat: Morocco Muhammad (Abu-I-Kasim) Al-Mutamid marr: birt: BEF 1040 plac: Seville, Spain deat: 1095 plac: Aghmat, Morocco

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Former slave of Al-Mutamid. Source: infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107800.ht ml Information on Morocco Morocco has been the home of the Berbers since the second millenni um B.C. In A.D. 46, Morocco was annexed by Rome aspart of the province of Mauritania until th e Vandals overran this portion of the declining empire in the 5th century. The Arabs invade d circa 685, bringing Islam. The Berbers joined them in invading Spain in 711, but then revol ted against the Arabs, resenting their secondary status. In 1086, Berbers took control oflarg e areas of Moorish Spain until they were expelled in the 13th century. The land was rarely u nified and was usually ruled by small tribal states. Conflicts between Berbers and Arabs wer e chronic. Portugal and Spain began invading Morocco, which helped to unify the land in defen se. In 1660, Morocco came under the control of the Alawite dynasty. It is a sherif dynasty—de scended from theprophet Muhammad—and rules Morocco to this day. During the 17th and 18th cen turies Morocco was one of the Barbary states, the headquarters of pirates who pillaged Medite rranean traders. European powers became interested in colonizingthe country beginning in 1840 , and there were frequent clashes with the Frenchand Spanish. Finally, in 1904, France and Sp ain concluded a secret agreement that divided Morocco into zones of French and Spanish influe nce, with France controlling almost all of Morocco and Spain controlling the small southwes t portion, which became known as Spanish Sahara. Morocco became an even greater object of Eur opean rivalry by the turn of the century, leading almost to a European warin 1905 when German y attempted to gain a foothold in the mineral-rich country.By the terms of the Algeciras Conf erence (1906), the sultan of Morocco maintained control of his lands and France's privilege s were curtailed. The conferencewas a telling indication of what was to come in World War I , with Germany andAustria-Hungary lining up on one side of the territorial dispute, and Franc e, Britain, and the United States on the other. In 1912, the sultan of Morocco, Moulay Abd a l-Hafid, permitted the French protectorate status. Nationalism beganto grow during World Wa r II. Sultan Mohammed V was deposed by the French in 1953 and replaced by his uncle, but nati onalist agitation forced his return in 1955. On his death on Feb. 26, 1961, his son, Hassan , became king. France and Spain recognized the independence and sovereignty of Morocco in 195 6. Sultan Sidi Muhammad formed a constitutional government, and in 1961 Moulay Hassan succeed edhis father as Hassan II. Maintaining excellent relations with the West, KingHassan becam e the second Arab leader to meet with an Israeli leader when, on July 21, 1986, Prime Ministe r Shimon Peres came to Morocco. Morocco was also thefirst Arab state to condemn the 1990 Iraq i invasion of Kuwait. In the 1990s, King Hassan promulgated “Hassanian democracy,” which allo wed for significantpolitical freedom while at the same time retaining ultimate power for th e monarch. In Aug. 1999, King Hassan II died after 38 years on the throne and his son,Princ e Sidi Muhammad, was crowned King Muhammad VI. Since then Muhammad VI haspledged to make th e political system more open, to allow freedom of expression, and to support economic reform . He has also advocated giving more rights to women, which has been opposed by Islamic fundam entalists. The entrenched political elite and the military have also been leery of some refor m proposals. With about 20% of the population living in dire poverty, economic expansion i s a prime goal. Morocco's occupation of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) has been re peatedly criticized by the international community. In the 1970s, tens ofthousands of Morocca ns crossed the border into Spanish Sahara to back their government's contention that the nort hern part of the territory was historicallypart of Morocco. Spain, which had controlled the

Muhammad (Abu-I-Kasim) Al-Mutamid

< Princess Zaida De Denia birt: Denia, Alicate, Spain deat: 1103 plac: Spain marr: 1096 plac: Of,Denia,Alicante,Spain Al Ma'mun De Seville birt: deat: 1090 plac: Cordoba, Spain
					Qara'is ibn Abbad
					birt: 0924 plac: Seville, Spain deat:
				Isma'il ibn Qara'is
				birt: 0954 plac: Seville, Spain deat: marr:
			Muhammad ibn Isma'il
			birt: 0984 plac: Seville, Spain deat: 1042
					Isma'il Al-Mansur
					birt: Egypt deat: 0952
				Daughter Bint Isma'il
				birt: Egypt deat: marr:
		Muhammad Ben Al-Mutadid
		birt: 1014 plac: Seville, Spain deat: 1086 plac: Seville, Spain marr:
	Muhammad (Abu-I-Kasim) Al-Mutamid
	birt: BEF 1040 plac: Seville, Spain deat: 1095 plac: Aghmat, Morocco I'Tamid marr: birt: Balearic Isles, Spain deat: Morocco
		Daughter Al-Mutadid
		birt: 1019 plac: Balearic Isles, Spain deat: marr:

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Name Suffix: III Name Prefix: EMIR OF MOROCCO Source: Royal Genealogy database at University of Hull http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedl kup/n=royal?royal10815 al-Mu'tamid was a great and tragic figure. He was an excellent poet o f love and a good statesman whom destiny had chosen to taste both the gaiety and bitterness a nd of life. He is famous for his love poetry to his wife,a former slave girl whom he showere d with love and precious gifts. During itsfive hundred years of occupation by the Moors, Sev ille was of prime importance, both culturally and politically. In 712 following the siege an d conquest of the city (by Musa b. Nusayr in 712) its Roman name, Hispalis, was changed to th eArabic Isbilya. During the eigth and ninth centuries people of many differentArab nations se ttled in Seville. One of the mos numerous contingents to settlein Seville were the Yemenis wh o were responsible of many uprisings and disturbances during Abs Al Rahman I's emirate (756-7 88), besides their continuous struggle against the Ommiad dynasty in Córdoba which had been c apital of Al-Andalussince 716. The tranquility enjoyed in Al-Andalus during the emirates o f Hassim I (788-796) and Al Hakam I (796-822) was shattered following the Norman invasion o f 844 during the reign of Abd-Al-Rahman II (822-852). Isbilya was saved bytroops from Córdob a after one and a half years of sacking and pillaging throughout the whole region. Fifteen ye ars before the arrival of the Normans, Ibn Adabbas had completed Isbilya's principal mosque o n a site now occupied by the Baroque parish church of Divino Salvador. Visitors to this churc h can still admire the mosque's sahn, or orangerie and the base of its minaret. The area arou ndthe mosque with its narrow winding streets was dedicated to silk trading. Although the sil k traders and their premises are long gone, the buildings which havetaken their place, follo w their sinous street plan as can be seen in the streets between la Plaza del Pan, la Plaza d el Alfalfa and La Plaza de la Encarnaci@l³n. In the tenth century, peace and prosperity reig ned once more thanks to Caliph Abd-Al Rahman III. With the fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba i n 1035, Al-Andalus as a unified territory disappeared and smaller independent kingdoms aros e in its place. One such kingdom was that of Seville. During the Abbadid dinasty, not only di d Isbilya achieve its greatest territorial extension, from the Algarve in the West, to modern -day Murcia in the East, but it also gained supremacy over the other kingdoms, including Córd oba. The reigns of Al-Mutadid (1042-1068) and his son Al-Mutamid (1068-1091) were high point s in the history of Isbilya, above all that of Al-Mutamid, the poet king who finished his day s languishing in exile in Agmat with his memories of the perfection of Isbilya and thebeaut y of his wife, Rumaykiya. Visiting the Alcazar, we can easily imagine hisliterary court gathe red in one of the patios or salons of Al-Muwarak, renamed El Alcázar de la Bendición and remo delled by Pedro I of Castille in the fourteenth century. During this period, military and tr ibutary pressure effectivelymortgaged Seville to the kingdom of Castilla y León (Castile).I n an attempt tocheck the expansionist policy of Alfonso VI of Castile, the Moorish kings of B adajoz, Granada and Seville agreed to ask for outside help, in the shape of theAlmoravid Berb ers from the North of Africa. Finally the Almoravid scimitar turned against its masters and t he kingdom of Seville fell to them Almoravids in 1091. Subsequent to 1091, Seville became in dispensible to its new masters as abridgehead and base for troops arriving from the Maghreb . Excavations have recently confirmed that the last walls to be built around Seville were con structedby the Almoravids. The longest section of wall extant is between the arch of the Basi lica of La Macarena and la Puerta de Córdoba, guarded by eight towers. The social and religio us intolerance of the Almora