Elam (Exile with Zerubbabel) (4 of 4)|Exile


Sons of Exile Elam (Exiles with Zerubbabel)|(Exiles with Zerubbabel)
birt: Ezra 2:7
plac: ...the sons of Elam, 1,254;|Neh. 7: 6-7|These are the people of the province who came up from the captivity of the exiles whom Nebuch|adnezzar king of Babylon had taken captive (they returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to hi|s own town, 7...The list of the men of Israel:|...|12 of Elam 1,254||Nehemiah 10:14|The chief of the people; Parosh, Pahath-moab, Elam, Zatthu, Bani,
deat: DECEASED

 
 Returning Exiles, time of Nehemiah ben Hachaliah
 birt: Neh 7:6 These are the people of the province who came up from the captivity of the exiles who
plac: m Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had taken captive (they returned to Jerusalem and Judah, eac|h to his own town, 7 in company with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahamani|, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispereth, Bigvai, Nehum and Baanah): The list of the men of Israel:
deat: DECEASED
 Zerubbabel (Zorobabel) (Sheshbazzar) ben Pedaiah (3rd Exilarch)|(3rd Exilarch)|Governor|King of Persia 
 birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Babylon|Luke 2:27|Jesus' lineage:...Which was the son of Joanna, which was the son of Rhesa, which was the so|n of Zorobabel, which was the son of Salathiel, which was the son of Neri|Matt 1:12|And after they were brought to Babylon, Jechonias begat Salathiel; and Salathiel begat Zoroba|bel;|...and the sons of Zerubbabel; Meshullam, and Hananiah, and Shelomith their sister: And Hashu|bah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushab-hesed, five.||1 Chr 3:19|And the sons of Pedaiah were, Zerubbabel, and Shimei|Neh.7: 6|These are the people of the province who came up from the captivity of the exiles whom Nebuch|adnezzar king of Babylon had taken captive (they returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to hi|s own town, 7 in company with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahamani, Morde|cai, Bilshan, Mispereth, Bigvai, Nehum and Baanah):||Neh. 12:1|Came up with Seraiah (RIN 1083), Ezra (RIN 1479), Jeshua and Jeremiah out of Babylon||Luke 3:|23 And Jesus himself began to be about thirty years of age, being (as was supposed) the son o|f Joseph, which was the son of Heli,|24 Which was the son of Matthat, which was the son of Levi, which was the son of Melchi, whic|h was the son of Janna, which was the son of Joseph,|25 Which was the son of Mattathias, which was the son of Amos, which was the son of Naum, whi|ch was the son of Esli, which was the son of Nagge,|26 Which was the son of Maath, which was the son of Mattathias, which was the son of Semei, w|hich was the son of Joseph, which was the son of Juda,|27 Which was the son of Joanna, which was the son of Rhesa, which was the son of Zorobabel, w|hich was the son of Salathiel, which was the son of Neri,
deat: DECEASED
 Associates of Governor Zerubbabel ben Pedaiah 
 birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Babylon
deat: DECEASED
 
  Esthra Princess of Israel (2nd m.) 
 birt:
deat:
 Those Who Returned with Governor Zerubbabel ben Pedaiah 
 birt: Ezra 2:1-35
plac: 1 Now these are the people of the province who came up out of the captivity of the exiles who|m Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away to Babylon, and returned to Jerusalem a|nd Judah, each to his city.|2 These came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar|, Bigvai, Rehum and Baanah. The number of the men of the people of Israel:|3 the sons of Parosh, 2,172;|4 the sons of Shephatiah, 372;|5 the sons of Arah, 775;|6 the sons of Pahath-moab of the sons of Jeshua and Joab, 2,812;|7 the sons of Elam, 1,254;|8 the sons of Zattu, 945;|9 the sons of Zaccai, 760;|10 the sons of Bani, 642;|11 the sons of Bebai, 623;|12 the sons of Azgad, 1,222;|13 the sons of Adonikam, 666;|14 the sons of Bigvai, 2,056;|15 the sons of Adin, 454;|16 the sons of Ater of Hezekiah, 98;|17 the sons of Bezai, 323;|18 the sons of Jorah, 112;|19 the sons of Hashum, 223;|20 the sons of Gibbar, 95;|21 the men of Bethlehem, 123;|22 the men of Netophah, 56;|23 the men of Anathoth, 128;|24 the sons of Azmaveth, F15 42;|25 the sons of Kiriath-arim, Chephirah and Beeroth, 743;|26 the sons of Ramah and Geba, 621;|27 the men of Michmas, 122;|28 the men of Bethel and Ai, 223;|29 the sons of Nebo, 52;|30 the sons of Magbish, 156;|31 the sons of the other Elam, 1,254;|32 the sons of Harim, 320;|33 the sons of Lod, Hadid and Ono, 725;|34 the men of Jericho, 345;|35 the sons of Senaah, 3,630.
deat: DECEASED
 Elam (Exile with Zerubbabel) (4 of 4)|Exile 
birt:
deat: DECEASED

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Please send corrections to rootsweb@propheticmidrash.com E’lam (eternity). 4a. "Children of Elam," to the number of 1254, returned with Zerubbabel from Babylon. (Ezr a 2:7; Nehemiah 7:12) 1Esd. 5:12. (B.C. 536 or before.) 5 A Jewish captive, whose descendants, to the number of One-thousand two-hundred and fift y-four returned from Babylon (Ezra 2:7; 8:7; Nehemiah 7:12) ELAM (ee' lam) A personal name and a place name 5b. Two clan leaders among the exiles who returned to Jerusalem with Zerubbabel in 537 B.C. ( Ezra 2:7,Ezra 2:31). Compare Ezra 8:7; Ezra 10:2, Ezra 10:26. Elam (ay-lawm') = "eternity" n pr m 3. ancestor of a family of exiles who returned with Zerubbabel ELAM - e'-lam (`elam): (4b) One of two heads of families in the return (Ezra 2:7 parallel Nehemiah 7:12; Ezra 2:31 p arallel Nehemiah 7:34; Ezra 8:7; 10:2,26).


Sons of Exile Elam (Exiles with Zerubbabel)|(Exiles with Zerubbabel)

 
 Associates of King Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I
 birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: 0424 BC
 Nehemiah (Nechemia) ben Hachaliah|Prophet 
 birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Tirshatha||Nehemiah 10:1-28|NOW those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,||Ezra 2:2|These came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, B|igvai, Rehum and Baanah. The number of the men of the people of Israel:
deat: DECEASED
 Associates of Prophet Nehemiah ben Hachaliah 
 birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Tirshatha
deat: DECEASED
 Returning Exiles, time of Nehemiah ben Hachaliah 
 birt: Neh 7:6 These are the people of the province who came up from the captivity of the exiles who
plac: m Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had taken captive (they returned to Jerusalem and Judah, eac|h to his own town, 7 in company with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahamani|, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispereth, Bigvai, Nehum and Baanah): The list of the men of Israel:
deat: DECEASED
 Sons of Exile Elam (Exiles with Zerubbabel)|(Exiles with Zerubbabel) 
birt: Ezra 2:7
plac: ...the sons of Elam, 1,254;|Neh. 7: 6-7|These are the people of the province who came up from the captivity of the exiles whom Nebuch|adnezzar king of Babylon had taken captive (they returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to hi|s own town, 7...The list of the men of Israel:|...|12 of Elam 1,254||Nehemiah 10:14|The chief of the people; Parosh, Pahath-moab, Elam, Zatthu, Bani,
deat: DECEASED

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Priests of Nehemiah ben Hachaliah


< Hananiah ben Shelemiah (associate of Nehemiah)|(associate of Nehemiah)
birt: Nehemiah 3:8 -
plac: Next to him Uzziel the son of Harhaiah of the goldsmiths made repairs. And next to him Hanani|ah, one of the perfumers, made repairs, and they restored Jerusalem as far as the Broad Wall.||Ne 3:30 -|After him repaired Hananiah the son of SHELEMIAH, and Hanun the sixth son of Zalaph, anothe|r piece. After him repaired Meshullam the son of Berechiah over against his chamber.|-----|Nehemiah 7|1 After the wall had been rebuilt and I had set the doors in place, the gatekeepers and the s|ingers and the Levites were appointed. 2 I put in charge of Jerusalem my brother Hanani, alon|g with Hananiah the commander of the citadel, because he was a man of integrity and feared Go|d more than most men do. 3 I said to them, "The gates of Jerusalem are not to be opened unti|l the sun is hot. While the gatekeepers are still on duty, have them shut the doors and bar t|hem. Also appoint residents of Jerusalem as guards, some at their posts and some near their o|wn houses."|-----|Nehemiah 10:1-28|NOW those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,|2 Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah,|3 Pashur, Amariah, Malchijah,|4 Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch,|5 Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah,|6 Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch,|7 Meshullam, Abijah, Mijamin,|8 Maaziah, Bilgai, Shemaiah: these were the priests.|9 And the Levites: both Jeshua the son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel;|10 And their brethren, Shebaniah, Hodijah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan,|11 Micha, Rehob, Hashabiah,|12 Zaccur, Sherebiah, Shebaniah,|13 Hodijah, Bani, Beninu.|14 The chief of the people; Parosh, Pahath-moab, Elam, Zatthu, Bani,|15 Bunni, Azgad, Bebai,|16 Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin,|17 Ater, Hizkijah, Azzur,|18 Hodijah, Hashum, Bezai,|19 Hariph, Anathoth, Nebai,|20 Magpiash, Meshullam, Hezir,|21 Meshezabeel, Zadok, Jaddua,|22 Pelatiah, Hanan, Anaiah,|23 Hoshea, Hananiah, Hashub,|24 Hallohesh, Pileha, Shobek,|25 Rehum, Hashabnah, Maaseiah,|26 And Ahijah, Hanan, Anan,|27 Malluch, Harim, Baanah.|28 And the rest of the people, the priests, the Levites, the porters, the singers, the Nethi|nims, and all they that had separated themselves from the people of the lands unto the law o|f God, their wives, their sons, and their daughters, every one having knowledge, and having u|nderstanding;
deat: DECEASED


< Obadiah, priest of Nehemiah ben Hachaliah|Priest
birt: Nehemiah 10:1-28
plac: NOW those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,|2 Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah,|3 Pashur, Amariah, Malchijah,|4 Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch,|5 Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah,|6 Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch,|7 Meshullam, Abijah, Mijamin,|8 Maaziah, Bilgai, Shemaiah: these were the priests.|9 And the Levites: both Jeshua the son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel;|10 And their brethren, Shebaniah, Hodijah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan,|11 Micha, Rehob, Hashabiah,|12 Zaccur, Sherebiah, Shebaniah,|13 Hodijah, Bani, Beninu.|14 The chief of the people; Parosh, Pahath-moab, Elam, Zatthu, Bani,|15 Bunni, Azgad, Bebai,|16 Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin,|17 Ater, Hizkijah, Azzur,|18 Hodijah, Hashum, Bezai,|19 Hariph, Anathoth, Nebai,|20 Magpiash, Meshullam, Hezir,|21 Meshezabeel, Zadok, Jaddua,|22 Pelatiah, Hanan, Anaiah,|23 Hoshea, Hananiah, Hashub,|24 Hallohesh, Pileha, Shobek,|25 Rehum, Hashabnah, Maaseiah,|26 And Ahijah, Hanan, Anan,|27 Malluch, Harim, Baanah.|28 And the rest of the people, the priests, the Levites, the porters, the singers, the Nethi|nims, and all they that had separated themselves from the people of the lands unto the law o|f God, their wives, their sons, and their daughters, every one having knowledge, and having u|nderstanding;
deat: DECEASED


< Baruch ben Zabbai (associate of Nehemiah)|(associate of Nehemiah)|Priest
birt: Nehemiah 10:1-28
plac: NOW those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,|2 Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah,|3 Pashur, Amariah, Malchijah,|4 Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch,|5 Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah,|6 Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch,|7 Meshullam, Abijah, Mijamin,|8 Maaziah, Bilgai, Shemaiah: these were the priests.|9 And the Levites: both Jeshua the son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel;|10 And their brethren, Shebaniah, Hodijah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan,|11 Micha, Rehob, Hashabiah,|12 Zaccur, Sherebiah, Shebaniah,|13 Hodijah, Bani, Beninu.|14 The chief of the people; Parosh, Pahath-moab, Elam, Zatthu, Bani,|15 Bunni, Azgad, Bebai,|16 Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin,|17 Ater, Hizkijah, Azzur,|18 Hodijah, Hashum, Bezai,|19 Hariph, Anathoth, Nebai,|20 Magpiash, Meshullam, Hezir,|21 Meshezabeel, Zadok, Jaddua,|22 Pelatiah, Hanan, Anaiah,|23 Hoshea, Hananiah, Hashub,|24 Hallohesh, Pileha, Shobek,|25 Rehum, Hashabnah, Maaseiah,|26 And Ahijah, Hanan, Anan,|27 Malluch, Harim, Baanah.|28 And the rest of the people, the priests, the Levites, the porters, the singers, the Nethi|nims, and all they that had separated themselves from the people of the lands unto the law o|f God, their wives, their sons, and their daughters, every one having knowledge, and having u|nderstanding;
deat: DECEASED


Shelemiah (Priest of Nehemiah)
birt: Ne 13:13 -
plac: And I made treasurers over the treasuries, SHELEMIAH the priest, and Zadok the scribe, and o|f the Levites, Pedaiah: and next to them was Hanan the son of Zaccur, the son of Mattaniah: f|or they were counted faithful, and their office was to distribute unto their brethren.
deat: DECEASED


< Zadok ben Baana (Scribe of Nehemiah)|(Scribe of Nehemiah)|Wall Builder
birt: Ne 13:13 -
plac: And I made treasurers over the treasuries, SHELEMIAH the priest, and Zadok the scribe, and o|f the Levites, Pedaiah: and next to them was Hanan the son of Zaccur, the son of Mattaniah: f|or they were counted faithful, and their office was to distribute unto their brethren.||Nehemiah 10:1-28|NOW those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,|2 Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah,|3 Pashur, Amariah, Malchijah,|4 Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch,|5 Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah,|6 Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch,|7 Meshullam, Abijah, Mijamin,|8 Maaziah, Bilgai, Shemaiah: these were the priests.|9 And the Levites: both Jeshua the son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel;|10 And their brethren, Shebaniah, Hodijah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan,|11 Micha, Rehob, Hashabiah,|12 Zaccur, Sherebiah, Shebaniah,|13 Hodijah, Bani, Beninu.|14 The chief of the people; Parosh, Pahath-moab, Elam, Zatthu, Bani,|15 Bunni, Azgad, Bebai,|16 Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin,|17 Ater, Hizkijah, Azzur,|18 Hodijah, Hashum, Bezai,|19 Hariph, Anathoth, Nebai,|20 Magpiash, Meshullam, Hezir,|21 Meshezabeel, Zadok, Jaddua,|22 Pelatiah, Hanan, Anaiah,|23 Hoshea, Hananiah, Hashub,|24 Hallohesh, Pileha, Shobek,|25 Rehum, Hashabnah, Maaseiah,|26 And Ahijah, Hanan, Anan,|27 Malluch, Harim, Baanah.|28 And the rest of the people, the priests, the Levites, the porters, the singers, the Nethi|nims, and all they that had separated themselves from the people of the lands unto the law o|f God, their wives, their sons, and their daughters, every one having knowledge, and having u|nderstanding;|Nehemiah 3:4|And next unto them repaired Meremoth the son of Urijah, the son of Koz. And next unto them re|paired Meshullam the son of Berechiah, the son of Meshezabeel. And next unto them repaired Za|dok the son of Baana.
deat: DECEASED


Pedaiah of Levi ben Jacob
birt: Ne 13:13 -
plac: And I made treasurers over the treasuries, SHELEMIAH the priest, and Zadok the scribe, and o|f the Levites, Pedaiah: and next to them was Hanan the son of Zaccur, the son of Mattaniah: f|or they were counted faithful, and their office was to distribute unto their brethren.
deat: DECEASED


< Hanan ben Zaccur ben Mattaniah
birt: Neh. 8:7
plac: Also Jeshua, and Bani, and Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodijah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Az|ariah, Jozabad, Hanan, Pelaiah, and the Levites, caused the people to understand the law: an|d the people stood in their place.||Neh. 10:10|9 And the Levites: ...|10 And their brethren, Shebaniah, Hodijah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan,||Ne 13:13 -|And I made treasurers over the treasuries, SHELEMIAH the priest, and Zadok the scribe, and o|f the Levites, Pedaiah: and next to them was Hanan the son of Zaccur, the son of Mattaniah: f|or they were counted faithful, and their office was to distribute unto their brethren.
deat: DECEASED


Ahijah (The Nehemiah Covenant Maker)|Priest
birt: ABT 0525 BC
plac: |Nehemiah 10:1-28|NOW those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,|2 Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah,|3 Pashur, Amariah, Malchijah,|4 Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch,|5 Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah,|6 Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch,|7 Meshullam, Abijah, Mijamin,|8 Maaziah, Bilgai, Shemaiah: these were the priests.|9 And the Levites: both Jeshua the son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel;|10 And their brethren, Shebaniah, Hodijah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan,|11 Micha, Rehob, Hashabiah,|12 Zaccur, Sherebiah, Shebaniah,|13 Hodijah, Bani, Beninu.|14 The chief of the people; Parosh, Pahath-moab, Elam, Zatthu, Bani,|15 Bunni, Azgad, Bebai,|16 Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin,|17 Ater, Hizkijah, Azzur,|18 Hodijah, Hashum, Bezai,|19 Hariph, Anathoth, Nebai,|20 Magpiash, Meshullam, Hezir,|21 Meshezabeel, Zadok, Jaddua,|22 Pelatiah, Hanan, Anaiah,|23 Hoshea, Hananiah, Hashub,|24 Hallohesh, Pileha, Shobek,|25 Rehum, Hashabnah, Maaseiah,|26 And Ahijah, Hanan, Anan,|27 Malluch, Harim, Baanah.|28 And the rest of the people, the priests, the Levites, the porters, the singers, the Nethi|nims, and all they that had separated themselves from the people of the lands unto the law o|f God, their wives, their sons, and their daughters, every one having knowledge, and having u|nderstanding;
deat: DECEASED


Zedekiah Priest of Nehemiah
birt:
deat: DECEASED


< Jedaiah ben Joiarib of Kohath|Priest
birt: NEH. 11:3, 10
plac: Now these are the chief of the province that dwelt in Jerusalem: ...|...|Of the priests: Jedaiah the son of Joiarib, Jachin.||1 Chronicles 9:3, 10|And in Jerusalem dwelt of the children of Judah, and of the children of Benjamin, and of th|e children of Ephraim, and Manasseh;…|And of the priests; Jedaiah, and Jehoiarib, and Jachin,
deat: DECEASED

 
 Artaxerxes I (Longimanus) (Makrocheir) (Artakhshassa) of Xerxes I of Darius I|King|King of Persia
 birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)||Artaxerxes by Plutarch|ARTAXERXES|437-359 B.C.|by Plutarch|translated by John Dryden||ARTAXERXES -|THE first Artaxerxes, among all the kings of Persia the most remarkable for a gentle and nobl|e spirit, was surnamed the Long-handed, his right hand being longer than his left, and was th|e son of Xerxes. The second, whose story I am now writing, who had the surname of the Mindful|, was the grandson of the former, by his daughter Parysatis, who brought Darius four sons, th|e eldest Artaxerxes, the next Cyrus, and two younger than these, Ostanes and Oxathres. Cyru|s took his name of the ancient Cyrus, as he, they say, had his from the sun, which, in the Pe|rsian language, is called Cyrus. Artaxerxes was at first called Arsicas; Dinon says Oarses; b|ut it is utterly improbable that Ctesias (however otherwise he may have filled his books wit|h a perfect farrago of incredible and senseless fables) should be ignorant of the name of th|e king with whom he lived as his physician, attending upon himself, his wife, his mother, an|d his children.||Cyrus, from his earliest youth, showed something of a headstrong and vehement character; Arta|xerxes, on the other side, was gentler in everything, and of a nature more yielding and sof|t in its action. He married a beautiful and virtuous wife, at the desire of his parents, bu|t kept her as expressly against their wishes.|...[MUCH MORE]|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Artaxerxes/)
deat: 0424 BC
plac: Persia (Iran) Ruled 0464 - 0424 BC
marr:
marr: Concubine
marr:
marr:
 Associates of King Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I 
 birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: 0424 BC
 
  Damaspia (wife of Artaxerxes I)
 birt: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 Nehemiah (Nechemia) ben Hachaliah|Prophet 
 birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Tirshatha||Nehemiah 10:1-28|NOW those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,||Ezra 2:2|These came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, B|igvai, Rehum and Baanah. The number of the men of the people of Israel:
deat: DECEASED
 Associates of Prophet Nehemiah ben Hachaliah 
 birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Tirshatha
deat: DECEASED
 Priests of Nehemiah ben Hachaliah 
birt: Nehemiah 9:4-5
plac: Then stood up upon the stairs, of the Levites, Jeshua, and Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, S|herebiah, Bani, and Chenani, and cried with a loud voice unto the LORD their God.||Then the Levites, Jeshua, and Kadmiel, Bani, Hashabniah, Sherebiah, Hodijah, Shebaniah, and P|ethahiah, said, Stand up and bless the LORD your God for ever and ever: and blessed be thy gl|orious name, which is exalted above all blessing and praise.
deat: DECEASED

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Baktwere (Baktwerel) (wife of Amenmesses)|Queen


AKA Pharaoh (Amenmeses) Amenmose of Merneptah I
birt: ABT 1225 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1200 BC


AKA Pharaoh (Amenmeses) Menmire of Merneptah I
birt: ABT 1225 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1200 BC


Associates of Pharaoh Amenmesses of Merneptah I
birt: ABT 1225 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED

 
 Baktwere (Baktwerel) (wife of Amenmesses)|Queen 
birt:
deat: DECEASED


Amenmesses (Menmire) of Merneptah I of Ramesses II|Pharaoh
marr:
birt: ABT 1225 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1200 BC
plac: Egypt

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Please send corrections to rootsweb@propheticmidrash.com It was long believed that Amenmesses was a son of Merneptah by a queen Takhat, though reall y his origins are unknown, and that he probably married a woman named Baktwerel. However, som e Egyptologists have suggested that Takhat and Baktwerel were actually the mother and wife o f Ramesses IX. Originally, his parentage was based on the fact that there were scenes and inscriptions relat ed to these two women in Amenmesses tomb, but recent excavations seem to indicate that the to mb, originally meant for Amenmesses was actually usurped for these women. If so, this would p robably negate any argument of them being his mother and wife. (http://www.crystalinks.com/dynasty19a.html)


Associates of Neferure of Senmut

 
 Amenhotep I of Ahmose I of Seqenenre Taa II|Pharaoh
 birt: Egypt
deat: 1493 BC
 Thutmose I (Tuthmosis) (Akheperkare) (Aakheperkara) of Ahmose I of Seqenenre Taa II|Pharaoh 
 birt: Egypt
deat: 1481 BC
marr:
marr:
 
  Ahhotep II, daughter of Ahmose I of Seqenenre Taa II|Queen
 birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Thutmose II (Akheperenre) (Aakheperenra) of Thutmose I|Pharaoh 
 birt: Egypt
deat: 1479 BC
 
   Amenhotep I of Ahmose I of Seqenenre Taa II|Pharaoh
   birt: Egypt
deat: 1493 BC
  Mutnofret, daughter of Amenhotep I of Ahmose|Princess 
 birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 
  Ahhotep II, daughter of Ahmose I of Seqenenre Taa II|Queen
 birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Thutmose III (Menkheperre) of Thutmose II|Pharaoh 
 birt: ABT 1515 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1425 BC
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
 
   Amenhotep I of Ahmose I of Seqenenre Taa II|Pharaoh
   birt: Egypt
deat: 1493 BC
   Thutmose I (Tuthmosis) (Akheperkare) (Aakheperkara) of Ahmose I of Seqenenre Taa II|Pharaoh 
   birt: Egypt
deat: 1481 BC
marr:
marr:
 
    Ahhotep II, daughter of Ahmose I of Seqenenre Taa II|Queen
   birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
  Hatshepsut (Maatkare) of Thutmose I of Ahmose I|Pharaoh 
 birt: Egypt
deat: 1458 BC
 
   Ahmose I (Amosis) (Nebpehtyre) (Nebpehtyra) of Seqenenre Taa II|Pharaoh
   birt: ABT 1550 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1514 BC
marr:
  Ahmose II (Ahmose Tumerisy) of Ahmose I of Seqenenre Taa II|Queen 
 birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 
  Ahmose-Nefertiri of Seqenenre Taa II|Queen
 birt: ABT 1550 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Associates of Neferure of Senmut 
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 
  Senmut (father of Nefrure) 
  birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Neferure, daughter of Senmut|Queen 
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 
  Amenhotep I of Ahmose I of Seqenenre Taa II|Pharaoh
  birt: Egypt
deat: 1493 BC
  Thutmose I (Tuthmosis) (Akheperkare) (Aakheperkara) of Ahmose I of Seqenenre Taa II|Pharaoh 
  birt: Egypt
deat: 1481 BC
marr:
marr:
 
   Ahhotep II, daughter of Ahmose I of Seqenenre Taa II|Queen
  birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Hatshepsut (Maatkare) of Thutmose I of Ahmose I|Pharaoh 
birt: Egypt
deat: 1458 BC
 
  Ahmose I (Amosis) (Nebpehtyre) (Nebpehtyra) of Seqenenre Taa II|Pharaoh
  birt: ABT 1550 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1514 BC
marr:
 Ahmose II (Ahmose Tumerisy) of Ahmose I of Seqenenre Taa II|Queen 
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 
 Ahmose-Nefertiri of Seqenenre Taa II|Queen
birt: ABT 1550 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED

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Amenhotep III (Amenophis) (Nebmaatre) (Heqawaset) of Thutmose IV of Amenhotep II|King


AKA Princess (Isis) Iset II of Amenhotep III
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


< Amenhotep IV (Amenophis) (Akhenaten) of Amenhotep III of Thutmose IV|Pharaoh
birt: Egypt
deat: 1336 BC
marr:


< Associates of Amenhotep III of Thutmose IV
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


< Isis II (Iset), wife and daughter of Amenhotep III of Thutmose IV
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


< Sitamun II (Satamun), wife and daughter of Amenhotep III of Thutmose IV|Princess
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


< Henuttaneb (Henut'tanebu) of Amenhotep III of Thutmose IV|Princess
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Nebetiah of Amenhotep III of Thutmose IV|Princess
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


< Tuthmosis of Amenhotep III of Thutmose IV|Prince
birt: Egypt
deat: BEF 1344 BC


< Merymose of Amenhotep III of Thutmose IV|Viceroy
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Associates of Princess Isis II of Amenhotep III
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Associates of Princess Sitamun II of Amenhotep III
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


AKA Princess (Sitamun) Satumun II of Amenhotep III
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


AKA Pharaoh (Amenhotep III) Amenophis III of Thutmose IV
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


AKA Pharaoh (Amenhotep III) Heqawaset of Thutmose IV
birt: Egypt
deat: 1344 BC


AKA Pharaoh (Amenhotep III) (Nebmaatre) Nubmaatre of Thutmose IV
birt: Egypt
deat: 1344 BC


Associates of Queen (Tiy) Tiye of Yuya
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED

 
 Thutmose II (Akheperenre) (Aakheperenra) of Thutmose I|Pharaoh
 birt: Egypt
deat: 1479 BC
 Thutmose III (Menkheperre) of Thutmose II|Pharaoh 
 birt: ABT 1515 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1425 BC
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
 
  Hatshepsut (Maatkare) of Thutmose I of Ahmose I|Pharaoh
 birt: Egypt
deat: 1458 BC
 Amenhotep II (Amenophis) (Akheperure) of Thutmose III of Thutmose II|Pharaoh 
 birt: ABT 1475 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1392 BC
marr:
 
  Merytra (Meritre Hatshepsut), daughter of Huy|Queen 
 birt: ABT 1515 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 Thutmose IV (Menkheperure) of Amenhotep II of Thutmose III|Pharaoh 
 birt: Egypt
deat: 1382 BC
marr:
 
  Tiaa (Tio) (Tiya) (Tiy) (wife of Amenhotep II)|Queen 
 birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Amenhotep III (Amenophis) (Nebmaatre) (Heqawaset) of Thutmose IV of Amenhotep II|King 
birt: Egypt
deat: 1344 BC


Tiye (Tiy) of Yuya|Queen
marr:
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Gilukhepa (wife of Amenhotep III)
marr:
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Isis II (Iset), wife and daughter of Amenhotep III of Thutmose IV
marr:
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Sitamun II (Satamun), wife and daughter of Amenhotep III of Thutmose IV|Princess
marr:
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Tia'ha (wife of Amenhotep III)|Princess
marr:
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Gilukhipa Mittani (wife to Amenhotep III)|Princess
marr:
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Taleka (wife of Amenhotep III)|Princess
marr:
birt: Babylon
deat: DECEASED


Nebet'nuhe (wife of Amenhotep III)|Queen
marr:
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Henuttaneb (Henut'tanebu) of Amenhotep III of Thutmose IV|Princess
marr:
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Tadukipa (wife of Amenhotep III)|Queen
marr:
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 
 Mutemwiya (wife of Thutmose IV) 
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED

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Amenhotep IV (Amenophis) (Akhenaten) of Amenhotep III of Thutmose IV|Pharaoh


AKA Princess (Ankhesenpaaten) Ankhesen-amun of Amenhotep IV
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Associates of Princess Ankhesenpa-aten of Amenhotep IV
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


< Smenkhkare (Ankhkheperure) of Amenhotep IV of Amenhotep III|Pharaoh
birt: Egypt
deat: 1336 BC


< Tutankhamun (Nebkheperure) of Amenhotep IV of Amenhotep III|Pharaoh
birt: Egypt
deat: 1327 BC


< Associates of Pharaoh Amenhotep IV of Amenhotep III
birt: Egypt
deat: 1336 BC


AKA Pharaoh (Amenhotep IV) Akhenaten of Amenhotep III
birt: Egypt
deat: 1336 BC


< Merytaten, daughter and wife of Amenhotep IV of Amenhotep III|Princess
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


< Mekytaten, daughter and wife of Amenhotep IV of Amenhotep III|Princess
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


< Ankhesenpaaten of Amenhotep IV of Amenhotep III|Princess
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


AKA Princess (Ankhesenpaaten) Ankhesen-aten of Amenhotep IV
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


AKA Princess (Ankhesenpaaten) Ankhesen-amen of Amenhotep IV
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Associates of Princess Mekytaten of Amenhotep IV
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


AKA Princess (Mekytaten) Mekataten of Amenhotep IV
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Associates of Princess Merytaten of Amenhotep IV
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


AKA Princess (Mekytaten) Meket-Aten of Amenhotep IV
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Neferneferuaten of Amenhotep IV of Amenhotep III|Princess
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Neferneferure of Amenhotep IV of Amenhotep III|Princess
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Princess Sotepenre Amenhotep IV of Amenhotep III,|Princess
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


AKA Pharaoh (Amenhotep IV) Neferkheperure of Amenhotep III
birt: Egypt
deat: 1336 BC


AKA Pharaoh (Amenhotep IV) Amenophis IV of Amenhotep III
birt: Egypt
deat: 1336 BC


< Merytaten the Younger of Amenhotep IV of Amenhotep III|Princess
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Associates of Queen Nefertiti of Ay
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED

 
 Thutmose III (Menkheperre) of Thutmose II|Pharaoh
 birt: ABT 1515 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1425 BC
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
 Amenhotep II (Amenophis) (Akheperure) of Thutmose III of Thutmose II|Pharaoh 
 birt: ABT 1475 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1392 BC
marr:
 
  Merytra (Meritre Hatshepsut), daughter of Huy|Queen
 birt: ABT 1515 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 Thutmose IV (Menkheperure) of Amenhotep II of Thutmose III|Pharaoh 
 birt: Egypt
deat: 1382 BC
marr:
 
  Tiaa (Tio) (Tiya) (Tiy) (wife of Amenhotep II)|Queen 
 birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Amenhotep III (Amenophis) (Nebmaatre) (Heqawaset) of Thutmose IV of Amenhotep II|King 
 birt: Egypt
deat: 1344 BC
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
 
  Mutemwiya (wife of Thutmose IV) 
 birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Amenhotep IV (Amenophis) (Akhenaten) of Amenhotep III of Thutmose IV|Pharaoh 
birt: Egypt
deat: 1336 BC


Kiya (Tadukhipa) (wife of Amenhotep IV)|Queen
marr:
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Nefertiti of Ay of Yuya|Queen
marr:
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Merytaten, daughter and wife of Amenhotep IV of Amenhotep III|Princess
marr:
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Mekytaten, daughter and wife of Amenhotep IV of Amenhotep III|Princess
marr:
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Ankhesenpaaten of Amenhotep IV of Amenhotep III|Princess
marr:
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Ipy (concubine of Akhenaten)
marr:
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 
 Tiye (Tiy) of Yuya|Queen 
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:

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Associates of Prince Meryetamu of Ramesses II

 
 Ramesses I (Ramses) (Menpehtyre) of Seti|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt
 birt: ABT 1325 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1294 BC
marr:
 Seti I (Menmaatre) (Sethos) of Ramesses I of Seti|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt 
 birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1279 BC
marr:
 
  Sitre (wife of Ramesses I of Seti)
 birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 Ramesses II (Ramses) (Usermaatre Setepenre) of Seti I of Ramesses I|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt 
 birt: ABT 1290 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1213 BC
plac: Egypt
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
 
  Tuya of Raia (Tuia) (Mut-Tuya)|Queen 
 birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Meryetamu (Merytatum) of Ramesses II of Seti I|Prince 
 birt: ABT 1250 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 
  Nefertari II (Meryenmut) (wife of Ramesses II) 
 birt: ABT 1290 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 Associates of Prince Meryetamu of Ramesses II 
birt: ABT 1250 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED

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Meryetamu (Merytatum) of Ramesses II of Seti I|Prince


Associates of Prince Meryetamu of Ramesses II
birt: ABT 1250 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED

 
 Nineteenth Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt
 birt: 1295 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1186 BC
 Ramesses I (Ramses) (Menpehtyre) of Seti|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt 
 birt: ABT 1325 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1294 BC
marr:
 Seti I (Menmaatre) (Sethos) of Ramesses I of Seti|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt 
 birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1279 BC
marr:
 
  Sitre (wife of Ramesses I of Seti) 
 birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 Ramesses II (Ramses) (Usermaatre Setepenre) of Seti I of Ramesses I|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt 
 birt: ABT 1290 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1213 BC
plac: Egypt
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
 
  Tuya of Raia (Tuia) (Mut-Tuya)|Queen 
 birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Meryetamu (Merytatum) of Ramesses II of Seti I|Prince 
birt: ABT 1250 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 
 Nefertari II (Meryenmut) (wife of Ramesses II) 
birt: ABT 1290 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:

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Merenptah I (Baenre Hotephirmaat) (Merneptah) of Ramesses II of Seti I|Pharoah


AKA Pharaoh (Merenptah) Marneptah of Ramesses II
birt: ABT 1250 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1203 BC


AKA Pharaoh (Merenptah) Merneptah I of Ramesses II
birt: ABT 1250 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1203 BC


AKA Queen (Takhat I) Taakat I
birt: ABT 1250 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


< Seti II (Userkheperure Setepenre) of Merenptah I of Ramesses II|Pharaoh
birt: ABT 1225 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1194 BC
plac: Egypt
marr:


< Amenmesses (Menmire) of Merneptah I of Ramesses II|Pharaoh
birt: ABT 1225 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1200 BC
plac: Egypt
marr:


Associates of Pharaoh Merenptah I of Ramesses II
birt: ABT 1250 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1203 BC


< Naneferkaptah of Merenptah I of Ramesses II|Prince
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:


< Ahura (Ahwere) of Merenptah I of Ramesses II|Princess
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:

 
 Nineteenth Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt
 birt: 1295 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1186 BC
 Ramesses I (Ramses) (Menpehtyre) of Seti|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt 
 birt: ABT 1325 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1294 BC
marr:
 Seti I (Menmaatre) (Sethos) of Ramesses I of Seti|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt 
 birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1279 BC
marr:
 
  Sitre (wife of Ramesses I of Seti) 
 birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 Ramesses II (Ramses) (Usermaatre Setepenre) of Seti I of Ramesses I|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt 
 birt: ABT 1290 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1213 BC
plac: Egypt
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
 
  Tuya of Raia (Tuia) (Mut-Tuya)|Queen 
 birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Merenptah I (Baenre Hotephirmaat) (Merneptah) of Ramesses II of Seti I|Pharoah 
birt: ABT 1250 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1203 BC
plac: Egypt


Isetnofret II (Isonofir) (wife of Merneptah I)|Queen
marr:
birt: ABT 1250 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


Takhat I (wife of Merneptah I)|Queen
marr:
birt: ABT 1250 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 
  Nineteenth Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt
  birt: 1295 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1186 BC
  Ramesses I (Ramses) (Menpehtyre) of Seti|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt 
  birt: ABT 1325 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1294 BC
marr:
  Seti I (Menmaatre) (Sethos) of Ramesses I of Seti|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt 
  birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1279 BC
marr:
 
   Sitre (wife of Ramesses I of Seti) 
  birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 Istnofret of Seti I of Ramesses I|Queen 
birt: ABT 1280 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 
 Bekurel (Bekwerenre) (wife of Sethy I)|Queen 
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:

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Setakht (Setepenra) (Userkhaure Meryamun)|Pharoah


AKA Queen (Tiye-Merenese) Tiye Mereniset
birt: ABT 1225 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1184 BC


AKA Pharaoh (Setakht) Setepenra
birt: ABT 1225 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1184 BC


AKA Pharaoh (Setakht) Sethnakhte (Setnakht)|(Setnakht)
birt: ABT 1225 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1184 BC


< Ramesses III (Ramses) (Usermaatre Meryamun) of Setnakht|Pharaoh
birt: ABT 1200 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1153 BC
plac: Egypt Ruled 1190–1186
marr:
marr:

 
 Setakht (Setepenra) (Userkhaure Meryamun)|Pharoah 
birt: ABT 1225 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1184 BC
plac: Egypt Ruled 1186–1155


Tiye-merenese (wife of Setakht)
marr:
birt: ABT 1225 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED

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Associates of Pharaoh Sesostris III of Sesostris II

 
 Senusret I (Sesostris I) (Oswiris) (Kheperkare) (Senwosret) of Amenemhet I of Ahiran I|Pharaoh
 birt: ABT 1950 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1899 BC
 Amenemhet II (Nubkaure) (Amunemhet) of Senusret I of Amenemhet I|Pharaoh 
 birt: ABT 1900 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1840 BC
marr:
marr:
 
  Nefru (Neferushery) (wife of Senusret I)|Queen
 birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Sesostris II (Senusret) (Senwosret) (Khakheperre) of Amenemhet II of Senusret I|Pharaoh|Pharaoh about 1630 BC to 1598 BC 
 birt: ABT 1825 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1836 BC
marr:
marr:
marr:
 
  Mereret I (chief wife of Amenemhat II)|Queen 
 birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 Sesostris III (Senusret) (Khakaure) (Senwosret) of Sesostris II|Pharaoh|Pharaoh (1598 BC to 1579 BC) 
 birt: ABT 1850 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1817 BC
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
 
  Nofret (chief wife of Senwosre II)|Queen 
 birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 Associates of Pharaoh Sesostris III of Sesostris II 
birt: ABT 1850 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 
 Mereret (wife of Sesostris III) 
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED

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AKA Pharaoh (Senusret I) Oswiris of Amenemhet I

 
 Senusret I (father of Amenemhet I) 
 birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Amenemhet I (Sehetepibre) (Amunemhet) (Wehem-mesut) of Senusret I|Pharaoh 
 birt: ABT 1975 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1908 BC
marr:
marr:
marr:
 
  Nefret (Nofret) (mother of Amenemhet I) 
 birt: Elephantine, Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Senusret I (Sesostris I) (Oswiris) (Kheperkare) (Senwosret) of Amenemhet I of Ahiran I|Pharaoh 
 birt: ABT 1950 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1899 BC
 
  Neferytotenen (Nefrutoteen) (Nefrytatenen)|Queen 
 birt: ABT 1975 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 AKA Pharaoh (Senusret I) Oswiris of Amenemhet I 
birt: ABT 1950 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1899 BC
 
 Nefru (Neferushery) (wife of Senusret I)|Queen 
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED

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Siamun of Egypt (Netjkerheperra) (Setepenamun)|King


AKA (Siamun) Setepenamun of Egypt
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED


AKA (Siamun) Netjkerheperra of Egypt
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED

 
 List of Kings 
 birt:
deat:
 Pharaonic Rulers of Egypt 
 birt: 2920 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 0332 BC
 Twenty-first Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt 
 birt: 1070 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 0945 BC
 Siamun of Egypt (Netjkerheperra) (Setepenamun)|King 
birt: ABT 1025 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 0959 BC

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AKA Pharaoh (Djer) Athothis II

 
 First Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt
 birt: 3100 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 2800 BC
 Narmer (Na'rmer) (Merunar)|Pharaoh 
 birt: ABT 3100 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: ABT 3050 BC
 Aha (Menes) (Athothis I) (Hor-Aha) of Narmer|Pharaoh 
 birt: ABT 3100 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 
  Neithotepe (Neith'hetepu) (Neithhotep A)|Queen 
 birt: ABT 3100 BC
plac: Northern Egypt
deat: ABT 3050 BC
 Djer (Athothis II) of Aha of Narmer|Pharaoh 
 birt: ABT 3050 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
marr:
 
  Hept (Hent) (wife of Aha of Narmer)|Concubine 
 birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 AKA Pharaoh (Djer) Athothis II 
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 
  First Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt
  birt: 3100 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 2800 BC
  Narmer (Na'rmer) (Merunar)|Pharaoh 
  birt: ABT 3100 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: ABT 3050 BC
  Aha (Menes) (Athothis I) (Hor-Aha) of Narmer|Pharaoh 
  birt: ABT 3100 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 
   Neithotepe (Neith'hetepu) (Neithhotep A)|Queen 
  birt: ABT 3100 BC
plac: Northern Egypt
deat: ABT 3050 BC
 Herneith, daughter of Aha of Narmer|Queen 
birt: ABT 3050 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 
 Hept (Hent) (wife of Aha of Narmer)|Concubine 
birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED

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Ahaziah II (Jehoahaz) (Shallum) (Azariah) ben Jehoram II ben Jehoshaphat|King


AKA Queen (Zibiah) Abia
birt: ABT 0860 BC
plac: Beersheba, Simeon, Idumea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED


AKA (Ahaziah II) Achazyahu ben Jehoram II
birt: ABT 0860 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: 0843 BC
plac: Megiddo


AKA King (Ahaziah II) Jehoahaz ben Joram
birt: ABT 0860 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED


AKA King (Ahaziah II) Azariah ben Jehoram II
birt: ABT 0860 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED


AKA King (Ahaziah II) Shallum ben Jehoram II
birt: ABT 0860 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED


< Josiah I (Joash) (Jehoash) ben Ahaziah II ben Jehoram|King|King of Judah
birt: ABT 0840 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel|(2Kin 11:21-12:21)|2 Kings 11:2|But Jehosheba, the daughter of King Joram, sister of Ahaziah, took Joash the son of Ahaziah a|nd stole him from among the king's sons who were being put to death, and placed him and his n|urse in the bedroom. So they hid him from Athaliah, and he was not put to death.||2 Kings 12: 18|Joash was Jehoash ben Ahaziah ben Jehoram ben Jehoshaphat.|1 Chr 3:11|Joram his son, Ahaziah his son, Joash his son,|2Chr 24:1-27
deat: 0797 BC
plac: 0800 BC
marr:


Associates of King Ahaziah II ben Jehoram II
birt: ABT 0860 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED

 
 Prophetic Contemporaries of Jeremiah ben Hilkiah
 birt: Anatoth, Benjamin, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED
 Obadiah (Ovadiah) of Eliphaz ben Esau|Prophet 
 birt: ABT 0600 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: AFT 0587 BC
plac: CHAPTER XXXII4. p. 69|OF THE DEATH OF THE PROPHETS; HOW THEY DlED, AND (WHERE) EACH ONE OF THEM WAS BURIED5.||Obadiah from the country of Shechem was the captain of fifty of p. 70 Ahab's soldiers. H|e became a disciple of Elijah, and endured many evil things from Ahab, because he forsook hi|m and went after Elijah. However he died in peace. After he followed Elijah, he was deemed wo|rthy of prophecy1.||1 Solomon here follows the tradition adopted by Jerome and Ephraim Syrus, and maintained by K|imchi and Abarbanel. He is supposed to have been the captain of the third fifty of soldiers s|ent by Ahab against Elijah. See 2 Kings i. 13.|(http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bb/bb32.htm)
 Associates of Prophet Obadiah of Eliphaz 
 birt: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED
 Jehoram II (Joram) ben Jehoshaphat ben Asa|King|King of JUDAH 
 birt: 0883 BC
plac: Jerusalem, Judah, Judea, Southern Israel|Matt 1:8|And Asa begat Josaphat; and Josaphat begat Joram; and Joram begat Ozias;|1 Chr 3:11|Joram his son, Ahaziah his son, Joash his son,||Another source says 0925 BC
deat: 0843 BC
plac: Another source says 0885 BC
 Ahaziah II (Jehoahaz) (Shallum) (Azariah) ben Jehoram II ben Jehoshaphat|King 
birt: ABT 0860 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: 0843 BC
plac: Megiddo


Zibiah (wife of Ahaziah II ben Jehoram II)|Zibiah of Beersheba
marr:
birt: ABT 0860 BC
plac: Beersheba, Simeon, Idumea, Southern Israel|2 Chr. 24:1|JOASH was seven years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. Hi|s mother’s name also was Zibiah of Beer-sheba.
deat: DECEASED
 
  Associates of King Jehoshaphat ben Asa
  birt: ABT 0900 BC
plac: Jerusalem, Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED
  Ruling Associates of King Jehoshaphat ben Asa 
  birt:
deat: DECEASED
  Ahab (Achav) ben Omri|King|King of Northern Israel, King of Israel 
  birt: ABT 0900 BC
plac: Israel|1 Kings 16:28-33|So Omri slept with his fathers, and was buried in Samaria: and Ahab his son reigned in his st|ead. And in the thirty and eighth year of Asa king of Judah began Ahab the son of Omri to rei|gn over Israel: and Ahab the son of Omri reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years|. And Ahab the son of Omri did evil in the sight of the LORD above all that were before him.|And it came to pass, as if it had been a light thing for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboa|m the son of Nebat, that he took to wife Jezebel the daughter of Ethbaal king of the Zidonian|s, and went and served Baal, and worshipped him. And he reared up an altar for Baal in the ho|use of Baal, which he had built in Samaria. And Ahab made a grove; and Ahab did more to provo|ke the LORD God of Israel to anger than all the kings of Israel that were before him.|Ahab / Achav|Ruined by his public favor: Yuma 87a|Number of mourners who accompanied his body: Bava Kamma 17a|The spirit of Navot requesting the opportunity to cause Ahab's downfall: Shabbat 149b|The eulogy for Ahab: Megillah 3a; Moed Katan 28b|Achashverosh, Nevuchadnezzar and Achav ruled over the entire world: Megillah 11a|(http://www.aishdas.org/webshas/torah/bichtav/tanach/yisrael.htm)|The land of Israel was not destroyed till the seven courts of judgment had fallen into idolat|ry, and these are they:--Jeroboam, the son of Nebat; Baasha, the son of Ahijah; Ahab, the so|n of Omri; Jehu, the son of Nimshi; Pekah, the son of Remaliah; Menahem, the son of Gadi; an|d Hoshea, the son of Elah; as it is written (Jer. xv. 9), "She that hath borne seven languish|eth: she hath given up the ghost; her sun is gone down while it is yet day; she hath been ash|amed and confounded."|--Gittin, fol. 88, col. 1.
deat: 0853 BC
plac: battle wounds
 Athaliah (Athalia) bint Ahab ben Omri|Queen|Queen of Judah 
birt: ABT 0880 BC
plac: Jerusalem, Judah, Judea, Southern Israel||2 Kgs. 8: 26|Two and twenty years old was Ahaziah when he began to reign; and he reigned one year in Jerus|alem. And his mother’s name was Athaliah, the daughter of Omri king of Israel.||2 Kgs. 11: 1-3|AND when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed al|l the seed royal.|But Jehosheba, the daughter of king Joram, sister of Ahaziah, took Joash the son of Ahaziah a|nd stole him from among the king’s sons which were slain; and they hid him, even him and hi|s nurse, in the bedchamber from Athaliah, so that he was not slain.|And he was with her hid in the house of the LORD six years. And Athaliah did reign over the l|and.||2 Kgs. 11: 13-14|And when Athaliah heard the noise of the guard and of the people, she came to the people int|o the temple of the LORD.|And when she looked, behold, the king stood by a apillar, as the manner was, and the prince|s and the trumpeters by the king, and all the people of the land rejoiced, and blew with trum|pets: and Athaliah rent her clothes, and cried, Treason, Treason.||2 Kgs. 11: 20|And all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was in quiet: and they slew Athaliah wi|th the sword beside the king’s house.||2 Chr. 22: 2|Forty and two years old was Ahaziah when he began to reign, and he reigned one year in Jerusa|lem. His mother’s name also was Athaliah the daughter of Omri.||2 Chr. 22: 10- 12|But when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed al|l the seed royal of the house of Judah.|But Jehoshabeath, the daughter of the king, took Joash the son of Ahaziah, and stole him fro|m among the king’s sons that were slain, and put him and his nurse in a bedchamber. So Jehosh|abeath, the daughter of king Jehoram, the wife of Jehoiada the priest, (for she was the siste|r of Ahaziah,) hid him from Athaliah, so that she slew him not.|And he was with them hid in the house of God six years: and Athaliah reigned over the land.||2 Chr. 23: 12-13|Now when Athaliah heard the noise of the people running and praising the king, she came to th|e people into the house of the LORD:|And she looked, and, behold, the king stood at his pillar at the entering in, and the prince|s and the trumpets by the king: and all the people of the land rejoiced, and sounded with tru|mpets, also the singers with instruments of musick, and such as taught to sing praise. Then A|thaliah rent her clothes, and said, Treason, Treason.||2 Chr. 23: 21|And all the people of the land rejoiced: and the city was quiet, after that they had slain At|haliah with the sword.||2 Chr. 24: 7|For the sons of Athaliah, that wicked woman, had broken up the house of God; and also all th|e dedicated things of the house of the LORD did they bestow upon Baalim.||Another source says Abt 0925 BC
deat: 0837 BC/0836
plac: |slain in 837 BC
 
 Jezebel of Ethbaal I of Sidon|Queen|Princess of Tyre, Queen of Israel 
birt: ABT 0900 BC
plac: Tyre and Sidon, Phoenicia
deat: 0840 BC

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Notes:

Please send corrections to rootsweb@propheticmidrash.com AZARIAH 8. King of Judah, called AHAZIAH -- 2 Chronicles 22:6 (See AHAZIAH) AHAZIAH 1. King of Judah. Called AZARIAH and JEHOAHAZ -- 2 Chronicles 21:17; 25:23 History of -- 2 Kings 8:25-29; 9:16-29 Gifts of, to the temple -- 2 Kings 12:18 Brethren of, slain -- 2 Kings 10:13,14 Succeeded by Athaliah -- 2 Chronicles 22:10-12 JEHOAHAZ 2. Son of Jehoram, king of Judah -- 2 Chronicles 21:17 (See AHAZIAH) Also called SHALLUM King of Judah and successor of Josiah -- 2 Kings 23:30,31; 1 Chronicles 3:15; 2 Chronicles 36 :1; Jeremiah 22:11 Wicked reign of -- 2 Kings 23:32 Pharaoh-necho, king of Egypt, invades the kingdom of, defeats him, and takes him away captiv e to Egypt -- 2 Kings 23:33-35; 2 Chronicles 36:3,4 Prophecies concerning -- Jeremiah 22:10,11,12 AHAZIAH Held by Jehovah. 2. The son of Joram, or Jehoram, and sixth king of Judah. Called Jehoahaz (2 Chronicles 21:17 ; 25:23), and Azariah (2 Chronicles 22:6). Guided by his idolatrous mother Athaliah, his reig n was disastrous (2 Kings 8:24-29; 9:29). He joined his uncle Jehoram, king of Israel, in a n expedition against Hazael, king of Damascus; but was wounded at the pass of Gur when attemp ting to escape, and had strength only to reach Megiddo, where he died (2 Kings 9:22-28). He r eigned only one year. Jehoahaz - Jehovah his sustainer, or he whom Jehovah holdeth. 1. The youngest son of Jehoram, king of Judah (2 Chronicles 21:17; 22:1,6,8,9); usually Ahazi ah (q.v.). AZARIAH (whom the Lord helps) a common name in Hebrew, and especially in the families of the priest s of the line of Eleazar, whose name has precisely the same meaning as Azariah. It is nearl y identical, and is often confounded, with Ezra as well as with Zerahiah and Seraiah. The pri ncipal persons who bore this name were-- 12. In (2 Chronicles 22:6) Azariah is a clerical error for Ahaziah. AHAZIAH (sustained by the Lord). 2. Fifth king of Judah, son of Jehoram and Athaliah (daughter of Ahab), and therefore nephe w of the preceding Ahaziah, reigned one year, B.C. 884. He is Galled AZARIAH, (2 Chronicles 2 2:2) probably by a copyist’s error, and JEHOAHAZ. (2 Chronicles 21:17) He was 22 years old a t his accession. (2 Kings 8:26) (his age 42, in (2 Chronicles 22:2) Isa a copyist’s error). A haziah was an idolater, and he allied himself with his uncle Jehoram king of Israel against H azael, the new king of Syria. the two kings were, however defeated at Ramoth, where Jehoram w as severely wounded. The revolution carried out in Israel by Jehu under the guidance of Elish a broke out while Ahaziah was visiting his uncle at Jezreel. As Jehu approached the town, Jeh oram and Ahaziah went out to meet him; the former was shot through the heart by Jehu, and Aha ziah was pursued and mortally wounded. He died when he reached Megiddo. AZARIAH az-a-ri'-a `azaryahu and `azaryah, ("Yahweh has helped"): (12) King of Judah (2 Chronicles 22:6, called Ahaziah in 2 Chronicles 22:1). AHAZIAH a-ha-zi'-a ('achazyah and 'achazyahu, "Yah holds, or sustains"): II. Ahaziah. Sixth king of Judah (2 Kings 8:25-29; 9:16 f =2 Chronicles 22:1-9); also written Jehoahaz ( 2 Chronicles 21:17; 25:23), which is merely a transposition of the component parts of the com pound. The form "Azariah" (2 Chronicles 22:6) is an error, fifteen Hebrew manuscripts and al l the versions reading Ahaziah. 1. His Brief Reign: Ahaziah, youngest son of Jehoram, began to reign in the twelfth year (2 Kings 8:25) of Jehora m of Israel. In 2 Kings 9:29 it is stated as the eleventh. The former is probably the Hebrew , the latter the Greek method of computation, the Septuagint Luc also reading eleventh in 8:2 5. He was 22 years old when he began to reign and he reigned one year (2 Kings 8:26). The rea ding "forty two" (2 Chronicles 22:2) is a scribal error, since according to 2 Chronicles 21:5 ,20 Jehoram the father was only 40 years old at the time of his death. Syriac, Arabic and Lu c read 22, Septuagint Codex Vaticanus 20. See CHRONOLOGY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT. 2. His Character: (Compare 2 Kings 8:27; 2 Chronicles 22:3,4.) In view of the disaster which befell the royal h ouse (2 Chronicles 21:16,17), the inhabitants of Jerusalem placed Ahaziah the youngest son up on the throne. That "he walked in the way of the house of Ahab" is exemplified by Chronicle s to the effect that his mother, the daughter of Jezebel, counseled him in the ways of wicked ness and that the house of Ahab led him to his destruction. The influence of Jezebel was at w ork in Judah. Ahaziah dedicated "hallowed things" to Yahweh (2 Kings 12:18), but he did evi l in Yahweh's eyes. 3. His Alliance with Jehoram of Israel: (Compare 2 Kings 8:28,29; 2 Chronicles 22:5,6.) Ahaziah cultivated the relations which had be en established between the two kingdoms by Ahab. Accordingly he joined his uncle Jehoram of I srael in an expedition against Hazael, king of Syria. Ramoth-gilead was captured and held fo r Israel against the king of Syria (2 Kings 9:14). However, Jehoram of Israel was wounded an d returned to Jezreel to be healed of his wounds. It appears that the army was left in charg e of Jehu at Ramoth-gilead. Ahaziah apparently went to Jerusalem and later went down to Jezre el to visit Jehoram. In the meantime Jehu formed a conspiracy against Jehoram. 4. His Death: The death of Ahaziah, as told in 2 Kings 9:16, differs from the account in 2 Chronicles 22:7- 9. According to the account in Kings, Ahaziah who is visiting Jehoram, joins him in a separat e chariot to meet Jehu. Jehoram suspecting treachery turns to flee, but an arrow from the bo w of Jehu pierces his heart and he dies in his chariot. Ahaziah tries to escape, but is overt aken near Ibleam and mortally wounded by one of Jehu's men. He fled to the fortress of Megidd o, where he died. His servants conveyed his body in a chariot to Jerusalem, where he was buri ed. According to the Chronicler, this account is very much abbreviated (2 Chronicles 22:7). H is destruction is of God because of his alliance with Jehoram. Jehu, who was executing judgme nt on the house of Ahab, first slew the kinsmen of Ahaziah. He then sought Ahaziah who was hi ding in Samaria. When he was found, he was brought to Jehu and put to death. He was buried, b ut where and by whom we are not told. That there were other traditions respecting the death of Ahaziah, is proved by Josephus, wh o says that when Ahaziah was wounded he left his chariot and fled on horseback to Megiddo, wh ere he was well cared for by his servants until he died (Ant., IX, vi, 3). AZARIAH Azariah = "Jehovah has helped" (az-ar-yaw') 24. son of king Jehoram of Judah; probably clerical error for 'Ahaziah' AHAZIAH Ahaziah = "Jehovah (Yahu) holds (possesses)" (akh-az-yaw') 2. ruler of Judah, son of Jehoram (Joram) BD AHAZIAH The Lord upholds (2) King of Judah; joined Jehoram, king of Israel, in his attempt to recover Ramoth-gilead; w as wounded in Samaria; and died at Megiddo (2 Kgs. 8: 25-29; 2 Kgs. 9: 16-29; 2 Kgs. 10: 13 ; 2 Kgs. 12: 18; 1 Chr. 3: 11; 2 Chr. 22: 1-11); called Azariah (2 Chr. 22: 6), and Jehoaha z (2 Chr. 21: 17). Azariah, Jehoahaz AHAZIAH II a-ha-zi’ ah King of Judah, 843 BCE (one year) Born: c.865 Died: 843 BCE Heritage: Judaean, Jerusalem Faith: Milqart Father: Jehoram II Mother: Athaliah Spouse: ? Children: son: Joash I QUICK SKETCH Ahaziah II was 22 years old when he ascended the throne after his father died. His mother an d father both had worshipped Milqart [Baal] and this is the religion that Ahaziah II followed . The Jewish prophets greatly disapproved while Jezebel, who was still alive, was most likel y proud of her nephew Ahaziah. And Jezebel’s son Jehoram I was still in alliance with Ahazia h II, king of Judah. Jehoram I had been badly wounded during a battle at Ramoth-gilead and had retired to convales ce at Jezreel, leaving his general Jehu in charge of the siege. Ahaziah II visited Jehora m I at Jezreel, and the prophetic party got word to Jehu that he was supported by them in a c oup attempt, with both kings together. Jehu returned to Jezreel, where the two kings rode ou t to meet him. Jehoram I was fatally shot with an arrow, and Ahaziah II was badly wounded. H e then fled to Megiddo where he died. (http://www.ancientroute.com/people/Ahaziah2.htm) ...The kings of Judah differed in no essential particular from their colleagues in the north . Ahaziah, whom Jehu killed, was a shameless sinner; he had the Name of God expurged from eve ry passage in which it occurred in the Holy Scriptures, and the names of idols inserted in it s place. 6 Upon the death of Ahaziah followed the reign of terror under the queen Athaliah Ahaziah, also known as Jehoahaz, King of Judah Ahaziah reigned for one year (843-842 BC) as the king of Judah when he was 22 years old. He w as the son of Jehoram. His mother, Athaliah, was King Ahab's daughter. He had many of the sam e failings as did King Ahab, and his mother encouraged him in doing wrong. He made an alliance with King Jehoram of Israel (son of Ahab). Jehoram (not to be confuse d with King Jehoram of Judah) was wounded in a battle with Syria, and returned to Jezreel t o recover. Ahaziah went to visit him, but this was a fatal mistake, for God had decided to pu nish Ahaziah for his alliance with Jehoram. Jehu, who was earlier anointed by one of Elisha' s young prophets, as the man to wipe out the family of Ahab, was hunting down and killing th e family and friends of Ahab. When he found Ahaziah hiding in Samaria, he killed him. When Ahaziah's mother, Athaliah, found out that her son was dead, she killed her grandson s, except for Joash. Joash was rescued and hidden in a storage room of the Temple by his Aun t Jehoshabeath, who was King Ahaziah's sister. Athaliah then became queen and reigned for si x years. Ahaziah was given a royal burial, because he was the grandson of King Jehoshaphat. T he story of Ahaziah is found in 2 Chronicles, chapter 22. The name Ahaziah means "Yah holds f irm." (http://www.aboutbibleprophecy.com/p4.htm)


AKA King (Ahaziah II) Jehoahaz ben Joram

 
 Obadiah (Ovadiah) of Eliphaz ben Esau|Prophet
 birt: ABT 0600 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: AFT 0587 BC
plac: CHAPTER XXXII4. p. 69|OF THE DEATH OF THE PROPHETS; HOW THEY DlED, AND (WHERE) EACH ONE OF THEM WAS BURIED5.||Obadiah from the country of Shechem was the captain of fifty of p. 70 Ahab's soldiers. H|e became a disciple of Elijah, and endured many evil things from Ahab, because he forsook hi|m and went after Elijah. However he died in peace. After he followed Elijah, he was deemed wo|rthy of prophecy1.||1 Solomon here follows the tradition adopted by Jerome and Ephraim Syrus, and maintained by K|imchi and Abarbanel. He is supposed to have been the captain of the third fifty of soldiers s|ent by Ahab against Elijah. See 2 Kings i. 13.|(http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bb/bb32.htm)
 Associates of Prophet Obadiah of Eliphaz 
 birt: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED
 Jehoram II (Joram) ben Jehoshaphat ben Asa|King|King of JUDAH 
 birt: 0883 BC
plac: Jerusalem, Judah, Judea, Southern Israel|Matt 1:8|And Asa begat Josaphat; and Josaphat begat Joram; and Joram begat Ozias;|1 Chr 3:11|Joram his son, Ahaziah his son, Joash his son,||Another source says 0925 BC
deat: 0843 BC
plac: Another source says 0885 BC
 Ahaziah II (Jehoahaz) (Shallum) (Azariah) ben Jehoram II ben Jehoshaphat|King 
 birt: ABT 0860 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: 0843 BC
plac: Megiddo
marr:
 
   Ruling Associates of King Jehoshaphat ben Asa
   birt:
deat: DECEASED
   Ahab (Achav) ben Omri|King|King of Northern Israel, King of Israel 
   birt: ABT 0900 BC
plac: Israel|1 Kings 16:28-33|So Omri slept with his fathers, and was buried in Samaria: and Ahab his son reigned in his st|ead. And in the thirty and eighth year of Asa king of Judah began Ahab the son of Omri to rei|gn over Israel: and Ahab the son of Omri reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years|. And Ahab the son of Omri did evil in the sight of the LORD above all that were before him.|And it came to pass, as if it had been a light thing for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboa|m the son of Nebat, that he took to wife Jezebel the daughter of Ethbaal king of the Zidonian|s, and went and served Baal, and worshipped him. And he reared up an altar for Baal in the ho|use of Baal, which he had built in Samaria. And Ahab made a grove; and Ahab did more to provo|ke the LORD God of Israel to anger than all the kings of Israel that were before him.|Ahab / Achav|Ruined by his public favor: Yuma 87a|Number of mourners who accompanied his body: Bava Kamma 17a|The spirit of Navot requesting the opportunity to cause Ahab's downfall: Shabbat 149b|The eulogy for Ahab: Megillah 3a; Moed Katan 28b|Achashverosh, Nevuchadnezzar and Achav ruled over the entire world: Megillah 11a|(http://www.aishdas.org/webshas/torah/bichtav/tanach/yisrael.htm)|The land of Israel was not destroyed till the seven courts of judgment had fallen into idolat|ry, and these are they:--Jeroboam, the son of Nebat; Baasha, the son of Ahijah; Ahab, the so|n of Omri; Jehu, the son of Nimshi; Pekah, the son of Remaliah; Menahem, the son of Gadi; an|d Hoshea, the son of Elah; as it is written (Jer. xv. 9), "She that hath borne seven languish|eth: she hath given up the ghost; her sun is gone down while it is yet day; she hath been ash|amed and confounded."|--Gittin, fol. 88, col. 1.
deat: 0853 BC
plac: battle wounds
  Athaliah (Athalia) bint Ahab ben Omri|Queen|Queen of Judah 
 birt: ABT 0880 BC
plac: Jerusalem, Judah, Judea, Southern Israel||2 Kgs. 8: 26|Two and twenty years old was Ahaziah when he began to reign; and he reigned one year in Jerus|alem. And his mother’s name was Athaliah, the daughter of Omri king of Israel.||2 Kgs. 11: 1-3|AND when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed al|l the seed royal.|But Jehosheba, the daughter of king Joram, sister of Ahaziah, took Joash the son of Ahaziah a|nd stole him from among the king’s sons which were slain; and they hid him, even him and hi|s nurse, in the bedchamber from Athaliah, so that he was not slain.|And he was with her hid in the house of the LORD six years. And Athaliah did reign over the l|and.||2 Kgs. 11: 13-14|And when Athaliah heard the noise of the guard and of the people, she came to the people int|o the temple of the LORD.|And when she looked, behold, the king stood by a apillar, as the manner was, and the prince|s and the trumpeters by the king, and all the people of the land rejoiced, and blew with trum|pets: and Athaliah rent her clothes, and cried, Treason, Treason.||2 Kgs. 11: 20|And all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was in quiet: and they slew Athaliah wi|th the sword beside the king’s house.||2 Chr. 22: 2|Forty and two years old was Ahaziah when he began to reign, and he reigned one year in Jerusa|lem. His mother’s name also was Athaliah the daughter of Omri.||2 Chr. 22: 10- 12|But when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed al|l the seed royal of the house of Judah.|But Jehoshabeath, the daughter of the king, took Joash the son of Ahaziah, and stole him fro|m among the king’s sons that were slain, and put him and his nurse in a bedchamber. So Jehosh|abeath, the daughter of king Jehoram, the wife of Jehoiada the priest, (for she was the siste|r of Ahaziah,) hid him from Athaliah, so that she slew him not.|And he was with them hid in the house of God six years: and Athaliah reigned over the land.||2 Chr. 23: 12-13|Now when Athaliah heard the noise of the people running and praising the king, she came to th|e people into the house of the LORD:|And she looked, and, behold, the king stood at his pillar at the entering in, and the prince|s and the trumpets by the king: and all the people of the land rejoiced, and sounded with tru|mpets, also the singers with instruments of musick, and such as taught to sing praise. Then A|thaliah rent her clothes, and said, Treason, Treason.||2 Chr. 23: 21|And all the people of the land rejoiced: and the city was quiet, after that they had slain At|haliah with the sword.||2 Chr. 24: 7|For the sons of Athaliah, that wicked woman, had broken up the house of God; and also all th|e dedicated things of the house of the LORD did they bestow upon Baalim.||Another source says Abt 0925 BC
deat: 0837 BC/0836
plac: |slain in 837 BC
 
  Jezebel of Ethbaal I of Sidon|Queen|Princess of Tyre, Queen of Israel 
 birt: ABT 0900 BC
plac: Tyre and Sidon, Phoenicia
deat: 0840 BC
 AKA King (Ahaziah II) Jehoahaz ben Joram 
birt: ABT 0860 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED
 
 Zibiah (wife of Ahaziah II ben Jehoram II)|Zibiah of Beersheba 
birt: ABT 0860 BC
plac: Beersheba, Simeon, Idumea, Southern Israel|2 Chr. 24:1|JOASH was seven years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. Hi|s mother’s name also was Zibiah of Beer-sheba.
deat: DECEASED
marr:

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Please send corrections to rootsweb@propheticmidrash.com Jeho’ahaz (whom the Lord sustains ). 3. The name given, (2 Chronicles 21:17) to Ahaziah, the youngest son of Jehoram king of Judah . Jehoahaz - Jehovah his sustainer, or he whom Jehovah holdeth. 1. The youngest son of Jehoram, king of Judah (2 Chronicles 21:17; 22:1,6,8,9); usually Ahazi ah (q.v.).


Tower of Babel in Babylon

 
 Xerxes I (Ahasuerus) (Khshayarsha) of Darius I of Hystaspes I|King|King of Persia
 birt: 0519 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)|Es 1:1 -|Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus, (this is Ahasuerus which reigned, from India ev|en unto Ethiopia, over an hundred and seven and twenty provinces:)
deat: 0466 BC
plac: Persepolis Ruled 0486 - 0465 BC
marr:
marr:
marr:
 Associates of King Xerxes I of Darius I 
 birt: 0519 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
plac: Persepolis
 
  Amestris, daughter of Otanes of Pharnaspes
 birt: ABT 0520 BC
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 Confusion of Angels 
 birt:
deat: DECEASED
 Associates of the Confusion of Angels 
 birt:
deat: DECEASED
 Tower of Babel in Babylon 
birt: The Tower of Bavel
plac: Invoking their punishment in the Curse for those who Back out of Transactions: Bava Metzia 44|a|(http://www.aishdas.org/webshas/torah/bichtav/tanach/avos.htm)
deat: DECEASED

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Please send corrections to rootsweb@propheticmidrash.com TOWER OF BABEL The great tower built by ‘the children of men’, with its top reaching to the heavens, as tol d in Genesis 11: 1-9. God was displeased with the attempt to build the tower, as a result o f which He confounded human language so that each nation would have its own language, unintel ligible to the others, and He ‘scattered them abroad upon the face of all the earth’. The gen eration which built the tower is called in the Rabbinic literature ‘the Generation of the Dis persion’. VII. I've heard there are Biblical parallels in Babylonian literature. What are they anyway? ... Tower of Babel As with the Sumerians, the most striking Biblical parallel within Akkadian myth is in the sto ry of the flood. For the Babylonian account, see the entries on Atrahasis and Utnapishtim abo ve. (http://home.comcast.net/~chris.s/assyrbabyl-faq.html#a1.7)


Associates of Alexander IV Aegeus of Alexander III

 
 List of Kings
 birt:
deat:
 Greco-Roman Rulers of Egypt 
 birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Alexander III of Philip II of Amyntas III|King|King of Macedonia 
 birt: Jul 0356 BC
plac: Pella, Macedonia, Greece|Alexander by Plutarch|75 AD|ALEXANDER|356-323 B.C.|by Plutarch|translated by John Dryden|ALEXANDER -|IT being my purpose to write the lives of Alexander the king, and of Caesar, by whom Pompey w|as destroyed, the multitude of their great actions affords so large a field that I were to bl|ame if I should not by way of apology forewarn my reader that I have chosen rather to epitomi|ze the most celebrated parts of their story, than to insist at large on every particular circ|umstance of it. It must be borne in mind that my design is not to write histories, but lives.|...|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Alexander/)|Sacred Texts <../../index.htm> Judaism <../index.htm> Index Previous Next ||p. 8|ALEXANDER OF MACEDON|THE great conqueror Alexander the Macedonian, the son of Philip, who, at the instigation of t|he Persians, was assassinated by Pisanius, when yet a boy showed great thirst for conquest. W|hen he heard of his father's conquests he wept bitterly, complaining that by the time he assu|med the crown there would be so little for him to conquer. He was barely twenty years old whe|n he ascended the throne, but he knew well how to make his power felt. He soon conquered th|e Thracians, as well as the rebellious Thebans, and his heroic qualities developed so rapidl|y that he was appointed by the Greeks as military chief in their wars against the Persians. U|ninterrupted success followed his arms, and had he not died at a comparatively early age he w|ould probably have conquered what was then known as the whole world. His victory over the Per|sian General Memnon, on the river Granicus, in the North-West of Asia Minor, opened for him t|he road into the interior of further Asia. He was not slow to take advantage of the opportuni|ty, and pushed rapidly through the States of Asia Minor, through Lydia and Ionia to Pamphylia|. In the latter, near Issus, he gained a brilliant victory over Darius the Third, also know|n as Codomanus, who narrowly escaped death, leaving his mother, his wife and his children i|n the hands of the conqueror.|The Macedonian hero, with his troops intoxicated with victory after victory, now entered Syri|a, not so much in pursuit of Darius as with a view to extending|p. 9|his conquests. He took Damascus and Sidon, and attacked Tyre, so as to become master of the s|ea also.|That city, however, being very strongly fortified, and being on one side protected by the sea|, offered a stubborn resistance, and Alexander found himself compelled to embark on a long si|ege. In order to prevent any untoward event during the siege, Alexander was anxious to ensur|e immunity from the neighbouring State.|He therefore sent a message to Jerusalem, with a letter to the High Priest Jedua with the fol|lowing requests: (1) To supply him with troops; (2) to allow free traffic between the Macedon|ian army and Jerusalem; (3) to give him every possible assistance, such as had been granted t|o Darius. A hint was also thrown out that the High Priest would do well to consider whose fri|endship and goodwill was of greater value--that of the victor, or that of the vanquished.|The letter further expressed Alexander's anticipation of having these modest requests granted|, and assured the Jews that they would have no reason to regret compliance. The Jews could no|t but know that it would be greatly to their advantage to be on good terms with this famous h|ero, and that the beaten Persian could neither benefit nor injure them. Yet they did not fee|l justified in deserting the Persians. The High Priest therefore indited something like the f|ollowing answer:--|'Recognition and high esteem are undoubtedly due to so glorious a hero, yet for the present t|he Jews of Jerusalem cannot comply with his wishes, for these reasons: We Jews have promise|d our loyalty, on our oath, to Darius. So long as that Prince lives the oath has its force, a|nd the Jews could commit no sin so grievous as wilful perjury, seeing that one of their comma|ndments, with which God has entrusted them, is this: "Thou shalt not take the name of the Lor|d thy God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless|p. 10|that taketh His name in vain."' The High Priest moreover mentioned instances--such as Zedekia|h, the last King of Judah, who became disloyal to the Babylonian ruler, his former allegianc|e notwithstanding, and brought calamity upon himself and upon Judea. He further pointed out t|hat Moses' teaching tends to show that the God of Israel is a God of Truth, that treachery an|d untruth bring misfortune on those who practise them, and that it is incumbent on every tru|e adherent of the teaching of Moses to avoid all falsehood and duplicity. Alexander would per|haps have been satisfied with the explanation offered by the High Priest Jedua, had it not be|en for the Samaritans, who, whilst practising all sorts of idolatry, were at the same time an|xious to unite with the Jews, and to be considered as a portion of that body. When the Jews r|epudiated them, they sought to set up a temple of their own on the model of the Jerusalem Tem|ple. Menasseh, a brother of Jedua, formerly a priest, having married a Samaritan woman, the d|aughter of a Samaritan governor, was deprived of his office of priest in the temple, and wa|s naturally all the more anxious to set up an opposition temple, in which he could exercise h|is priestly function. The Samaritans therefore strained every nerve to excite Alexander's ill|will against the Jews, and to obtain his sanction for the erection of a temple on Mount Geriz|im.|Sanblat, the Governor of Samaria, and father-in-law of Menasseh, the expelled priest, sough|t audience of Alexander, and took the opportunity to give his version of the motives of Jedua|, the High Priest, in refusing Alexander's requests. He maintained that loyalty to Darius wa|s not the motive of the refusal, as the Jews, he said, knew nothing of loyalty, but, on the c|ontrary, would overthrow every throne not occupied by one of their own people if they had th|e power. He said that they were priest-ridden, and that if there were any who|p. 11|would join his (Alexander's) army, they dared not venture it, as that would exclude them fro|m participating in the Temple service, which to them meant moral death. If he (the Macedonian|) would only secure an alternative to the Jerusalem Temple by sanctioning the opposition Temp|le which the Samaritans were anxious to set up, this would bring large numbers from Jerusale|m to the new Temple; and the newcomers, no longer fearing exclusion from the Jerusalem servic|e, would gladly join with the Samaritans the banner of the great conqueror Alexander. It is p|erhaps not surprising that the Macedonian conqueror was much impressed with this plausible ve|rsion, especially when the Samaritans, as an earnest of their acceptance of and adhesion to t|he new state of affairs, deserted en masse the ranks of the crushed Darius, and went over t|o Alexander's army.|The desired permission for the building of the Gerizim Temple was granted, and the work was t|aken in band. Soon afterwards, however, the governor, who was a man of advanced age, died. Ty|re could no longer resist the severe siege, and, as predicted by the prophet (Is. 27), it cap|itulated. Indescribable slaughter and ravage took place within its walls; the town was laid i|n ruins, and its heroes were either slaughtered or taken as slaves.|Alexander now turned his attention to the punishment of the Jews, and started with his ever-v|ictorious army for Jerusalem. When the news of the approach of Alexander and his formidable a|rmy reached Jerusalem, there was consternation, and despair ruled supreme amongst the inhabit|ants, one and all. The Jews took refuge, as ever, in their religion; prayer, fasting, sackclo|th and ashes were the order of the day. Confession of sin and repentance were practised dail|y by almost every person. When Alexander was but about one day's distance from Jerusalem, th|e High Priest and Elders of the Temple had the streets of the|p. 12|city beautifully decorated, the public buildings as well as the private residences were magni|ficently adorned, and they ordered the inhabitants to form two lines in the streets--one oppo|site the other--the people to appear in their holiday attire. The gates of the city were bede|cked with garlands of the finest flowers, and triumphal arches were erected. The priests, th|e Levites and the Elders, at their head the venerable High Priest Jedua in full priestly robe|s, mitre, ephod and breastplate, made their way, towards evening, to the entrance of the city|, carrying torches and candles in their hands, and a light was thrown on the brilliant assemb|ly such as eclipsed the noonday brightness of a magnificent summer's day.|Soon after their arrival at the gate, Alexander, at the head of his army, made his appearance|. He was quite astonished at the sight that met his view, and seemed to be overwhelmed on beh|olding the grand and imposing assembly that came to meet him. When he saw the High Priest, wh|o looked even as an angel in his garments, Alexander dismounted, as though impelled by an ins|tinct, bowed himself reverently, and proclaimed aloud: 'Blessed be the God whose servant yo|u are.' His army, however, having anticipated plunder rather than the sight before them, coul|d ill conceal their bewilderment at the strange turn of affairs. They could hardly believe, o|n the evidence of their own senses, that their proud monarch should bend his head so humbly a|nd so reverently before the High Priest. One of Alexander's confidential and favourite office|rs, Parmenion by name, ventured at last to ask the King why he, the proud conqueror, showed s|uch marked honour and deference to the Jewish priest.|'Listen, then,' replied Alexander, 'and I will tell you of a wonderful experience of mine. Wh|ile I was still in Macedonia I often lay awake at night, when all else was at rest, thinkin|g of a plan by which to gain mastery|p. 13|of Asia. One evening, when my thoughts were more than usually occupied with this fond schem|e of mine, I fell, exhausted by this mental strain, into a deep slumber, and saw in a visio|n an awe-inspiring man standing before me. The very sight of him seemed to instil into me cou|rage and hope, and, as though reading my very thoughts, he advised me to cross the borders o|f Greece without further hesitation, and assured me of the success of my projected undertakin|g. That vision of mine was no myth, no nightmare, not the mere phantasy of a heated brain; fo|r not only have I, since that vision, never met with anything but victory, but in the hoar-he|aded and venerable servant of the Jewish God, in his attire and in his bearing, I see no othe|r than the man of my vision. Shall I not then revere the man who was the messenger of his Go|d to lead me to victory? I am equally convinced that my destiny is to overthrow Darius, and f|or that purpose I was called to undertake this venture, and the appearance of this holy man f|oretells complete success.' After this explanation, Alexander entered Jerusalem, accompanie|d by the Jewish dignitaries who came to meet him. He was welcomed and cheered throughout by t|he population of the city. His first request was to be taken to the Temple, where he anxiousl|y inquired concerning the ceremonies and sacrifices and the manner of the services.|His curiosity was gladly satisfied, and the High Priest directed his attention also to the pa|ssage in Daniel 8. 5, where it is foretold that a Greek ruler (which term the High Priest app|lied to Alexander) would overthrow the Persian kingdom, and Alexander was exceedingly please|d with all he saw and heard. The following day the Macedonian hero summoned all the priests a|nd elders, and asked them to tell him, without restraint and hesitation, what they wished o|f him as a token of his great satisfaction at the reception given him, and as a mark of his h|igh estimation of their|p. 14|services and organization. The High Priest, who was the spokesman, asked his Majesty to gran|t them the free and unhindered exercise of their religious rites, and to waive the payment o|f taxes in the Sabbatical year, when, according to the law of Moses, no agricultural pursuit|s were allowed, and consequently there was no revenue from their lands. This was at once gran|ted; but Alexander observed from Jedua's demeanour that there was some further favour he wish|ed to obtain, but that the good man was reluctant to name it. He therefore requested the Hig|h Priest to lay all his wishes before him. The High Priest then ventured to ask that the grea|t monarch might extend his permission regarding the exercise of the religious rites by his Je|wish subjects to all other parts of his wide dominions, such as Babylon and Media, and this w|as also cheerfully granted by the great Alexander. At the express wish of the Macedonian warr|ior, a large number of the most valiant of the Jewish community joined his army, and he gav|e them permission to follow their religious observances in the camp. As a further favour, Ale|xander requested that his likeness might be framed and placed in the Temple. It was pointed o|ut to him that the Jews were strictly forbidden to have pictures and likenesses of anything w|hatever in their places of worship, and, in lieu of this, it was suggested (1) that all mal|e children born in that year throughout Jerusalem should be named Alexander, and (2) that th|e Jews should adopt a new era called the Alexander Era. That era was to commence with Octobe|r 1 of the year 312 before the Christian era. This suggestion met with Alexander's approval|, and up to the eleventh century of the Christian era this method of reckoning the years wa|s actually in force, and was known as the Era of Documents. 1|With Alexander's entry into Jerusalem began a very|p. 15|considerable improvement in the condition of the Jews. 1 The Samaritans used every subterfug|e in order to be recognized as Jews by the Macedonian hero, so that they might enjoy the priv|ileges and advantages bestowed on the latter, but they failed to convince Alexander, who reme|mbered their efforts to prejudice him against the Jews, that they were of the same people. 'I|f you are indeed Jews,' he asked, 'how is it that you are not known by that name?' 'We are,|' they insisted, 'descendants of the Patriarch Jacob, and Israel's God is our God; but the Si|domites call us Samaritans, and we are also known to them by the name of Shechemites, after o|ur capital Shechem.'|Alexander was not satisfied with their answer, and told them that he could not recognize the|m as Jews, and to the Jews alone he had granted the privileges which the Samaritans sought t|o obtain. He asked them to leave the matter in abeyance till his return from the long journe|y he was about to undertake, and on his return he would thoroughly investigate their claim, a|nd then see that justice was done to them. The Samaritans were dissatisfied with Alexander'|s treatment of them, and they rebelled and burned the Governor Andromachus in his own palace|. Alexander's anger at this was very great; he returned, put to death the leaders, exiled a n|umber of Samaritans to Egypt, where they formed a colony in Thebais, and handed a large numbe|r of them over to the Jews as slaves, as a reward for their tried loyalty.|Alexander of Macedonia, be it remembered, was by no means a mere uncouth warrior whose knowle|dge did not extend beyond the narrow compass of the battlefield, for the vast dominion of ar|t and science was an open book to him. From his thirteenth to his eighteenth|p. 16|year he was a pupil of Aristotle, who guided him through all branches of wisdom and knowledge|, and inspired in him a love for Homer's works, which in fact he always carried with him. A|s a consequence, he naturally had a longing for intercourse with the educated and learned me|n of every place which he visited. Arrived in the South, his first step was to have the men d|istinguished for their wisdom brought before him. To them he put the following ten questions|: (1) Which is the longer distance--from the earth to the skies, or from the east of the worl|d to the west? Answer: The last-mentioned is the longer, because if the sun stands in the Eas|t or in the West, then he is perceived in the half of each sphere; but if he is in the centr|e of the sky, then he is not visible everywhere. Consequently he must be higher in the forme|r case than in the latter. (2) Which was created first--the heavens or the earth? Answer: Th|e Almighty clearly commenced His work with the heavens, for is it not said, 'In the beginnin|g God created the heavens and the earth'? (3) Who is truly wise? Answer: He who can foresee t|he result of his acts is truly a wise man. (4) Who is truly strong? Answer: Strength is in th|e possession of him who can overcome his passions. (5) Who can be considered truly rich? Answ|er: Truly rich is he who possesses contentment. (6) How can man acquire true life? Answer: Tr|ue life can be obtained by deadening one's passions. (7) What hastens man's death? Answer: In|dulgence in earthly pleasures. (8) How can man obtain the love of his fellow-men? Answer: B|y not seeking supremacy over them. Alexander felt himself hit by this answer, and said, 'I a|m not of your opinion in this respect. My idea is that, in order to obtain the love of one'|s fellow-man, one must acquire might and power, and use them with discretion.' (9) Which is t|he more agreeable abode--on land or water? Answer: Surely on land, because seafaring men ar|e not happy and contented|p. 17|till they reach land. (10) Who amongst you is considered the wisest? Answer: In this respec|t we are unable to give any one the preference, as you may have observed that our answers wer|e unanimous and simultaneous.|Alexander proceeded in argument with the wise men. 'Why,' he asked, 'are you so averse to hea|thenism, seeing that the heathens greatly outnumber you?' To which he received the reply tha|t it is just the multitude, the masses, who are apt to lose sight of truth, and it is only gi|ven to a comparative few to perceive and understand pure truth. 'But,' he continued, 'it is i|n my power to destroy the whole of you.' 'No doubt,' was the answer, 'you possess the power t|o do so, but we are not apprehensive on that point, having once received the promise of you|r protection.' He then consulted them concerning his projected journey to Africa. The wise me|n answered, 'That you cannot reach, as it lies beyond the dark mountains, which no human foo|t can traverse.' The king seemed to be piqued by this, and said, 'I do not ask you whethe|r I shall or can traverse those mountains. My mind is made up, and there is no resistance t|o my will. What I want to know is the best means known to man for undertaking this formidabl|e expedition.' The wise men advised him to the best of their knowledge. Part of their advic|e was to procure certain draught animals from Libya, which possess the faculty of seeing thei|r way in darkness. The king, having adopted all the necessary measures, started for Africa. H|e arrived at a place called the land of Amazon, whose inhabitants consisted only of women, t|o whom he sent a declaration of war. The women sent a message to him that a war with them cou|ld only be an inglorious one, inasmuch as if he were victorious a victory over women could no|t bring him either fame or honour; whereas if they should be victorious, that would surely br|ing disgrace upon him.|p. 18|The king saw the wisdom of their argument, and gave up the idea of war, but bade them suppl|y him with bread. The women brought him lumps of gold in the shape of loaves of bread. The ki|ng said in amazement 'Do you use this metal as bread?' They answered 'You surely have not com|e all this distance merely for bread; is there no bread in your own country?'|Alexander took his departure thence, but, before starting, he wrote on the gate of the city|: 'I, Alexander of Macedonia, was a simpleton until I arrived at this gate, where I learnt wi|sdom from women.' He next arrived at Katzia, where also he was met with presents of gold. '|I want no gold of yours,' said Alexander to the chief. 'And to what other purpose have you co|me all this great distance?' was the answer, given in the shape of a question. 'I have come,|' said Alexander, 'to become acquainted with your manners and customs, especially with your a|dministration of justice.'|A remarkable case of litigation happened to be in progress in the place at this time. A man w|ho had bought a house of another found in its precincts a treasure-trove, which he took bac|k to the seller, saying: 'This is yours; I bought the house only, and not what may be found i|n it.' The other, in refusing to accept the proffered treasure, argued that he sold the house|, and the buyer was the rightful owner of all that might be found in it. The judge gave his d|ecision that the son of the purchaser of the house should marry the daughter of the seller, a|nd the young couple should receive the treasure as a dowry. As Alexander expressed his wonde|r at and approval of the wise verdict, he was asked by the judge how a similar suit would b|e decided in his own country. 'In my country,' replied Alexander, 'the treasure would be take|n by the Crown, and both parties would be deterred by the threat of death from laying any cla|im to it.' 'How,' said the judge, 'have you also rain and sunshine in your|p. 19|country?' 'Surely,' replied Alexander. 'And you possess also animals and fowls?' 'Why not?' a|sked the Macedonian. 'Then,' remarked the judge, I must suppose that the purpose of the rai|n and sunshine in your land is to sustain those harmless creatures; for you, the human inhabi|tants, judging by your perverseness and injustice, are unworthy of such blessed gifts of natu|re.'|One day they arrived at a river, and as his servants were washing off the salt of the fish, w|hich they carried with them for their august master, in the water of the river, they saw tha|t life was returning to the fishes. When the marvellous event was reported to Alexander, he d|etermined to find the source of that river. He pursued his way, and at last found a gate, whe|re he demanded admittance. The answer he received to his demand was: 'This is the gate of th|e Lord; the righteous shall enter therein,' and he concluded that it must be the gate of Para|dise. As all his pleadings did not gain him admittance, he asked for some article from the pl|ace as a token of his having arrived there. A lump of gold in the shape of a human eye was ha|nded out to him, and on putting it in the scales to ascertain its remarkable weight, he foun|d that whatever weight he might put on the opposite scale, it would not turn the scale on whi|ch the golden eye was put. As soon as he met with the Rabbis again, he asked them to unriddl|e this remarkable thing. The Rabbis told him to put a little earth over the eye, and its weig|ht would vanish. They explained that the eye was a perfect type of the human eye, which, as t|he wise king tells us (Prov. 27.), is never satisfied, until a little earth is put over it (i|n death), and its everlasting hunger ceases. 1|p. 20|Alexander returned home from his great adventures through the wilderness and went to Egypt, w|here he built the city of Alexandria. He was anxious for the Jews, whom he held in high estee|m for their bravery and loyalty, to be among the settlers of the great city. Once, some Afric|an tribe and some descendants of Ishmael laid complaints before him against the Jews. The Afr|icans claimed the possession of Palestine, basing their claim on Numbers 34. 2 and on their b|eing descendants of Canaan; they maintained that they had an undisputed right to the countr|y of their ancestor. The sons of Ishmael, too, put in a claim to the possession of at leas|t a portion of Palestine, as the land was promised to their grandfather Abraham (Gen. 25. 13)|. And so the Egyptians bethought themselves of their claim against the Jews, and referred als|o to a Scriptural passage (Exod. 12. 36).|Alexander had the elders of the Jews summoned to him, and mentioned the claims of the respect|ive parties against them. The Jews selected one named Gebeha, son of Psisa, as their defender|. He faced the plaintiffs, and said: 'You have each based your claims on Scripture; I, too, w|ill plead against you out of the books of Moses, our lawgiver. Regarding the Canaanites, we h|ave it in Genesis 9. 25 that Canaan was cursed and was made a slave to his brothers. A slav|e can possess no property of his own. As to the demand of the Ishmaelites, we have it also o|n the same authority (Gen. 25. 5) that Abraham presented Isaac with all his possessions, an|d to the children of his concubines he made presents and sent them away from his son Isaac.|'Against the claims of the Egyptians, we have a huge counterclaim. The second book of Moses m|entions the|p. 21|time of the Jewish compulsory servitude in Egypt as 430 years. We are fully prepared to resto|re the value of what we carried away from Egypt, if the Egyptians will pay us the wages of 60|0,000 men, whom they compelled to work for them for the period mentioned.'|Alexander demanded a reply on the part of the three claimants against the Jewish arguments, w|ithin three days, if they did not wish to be punished for making fictitious claims.|Nothing more was heard of the claims. 1 The Jews rose in Alexander's esteem daily, and he gav|e them the most beautiful part of the city, on the banks of the river, as their quarter, an|d granted them the full rights of citizenship. The Jewish community increased greatly in weal|th and numbers. A year later, at the battle of Arbela, a town in Chaldea, Alexander entirel|y annihilated the Persian empire. After more wars and conquests, he died suddenly at the ag|e of thirty-three. His death was brought about as much by revelry as by his many cares and bo|dily exhaustion. Some of his generals contended for his throne; he was left unburied for som|e time, and eventually no royal burial was his portion. The Macedonian monarchy was divided a|mongst four of his generals.--Midr. Rabba Gen. 33; Lev. 27. and Tanchuma Emmor, etc.||Footnotes|14:1 See Rapoport's Erech Millin, page 73.|15:1 There is a difference in the dates mentioned in the Talmud. In Taanis it i|s stated as the 21st Kislev, and in Yoma 69 as the 28th of Tebeth.|19:1 This allegory was conspicuously applicable to Alexander's career and charact|er. However extensive were his conquests, he longed for more and was never satisfied, not eve|r after the p. 20 plundering of Asia, not after receiving, in consequence of his great conque|sts, the appellation of 'the great.' But with his death, his and his country's greatness ceas|ed, the monstrous possessions were cut up, and none of his kin ascended the throne.|21:1 Different dates are given for the above event. In Sanhed 91. it is given a|s the 24th of Nisson, and in Taanis as the 25th of Sivon.||Next: Demons |(http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/tmm/tmm03.htm)
deat: 10 Jun 0323 BC
 Alexander IV Aegeos (Aegus) of Alexander III of Philip II|King 
 birt: 0323 BC
plac: Babylon
deat: 0308 BC
plac: Amphipolis
 
   Darius II Nothos (Ochos) (Darayavahush) (Ochus) of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I|King|Darius Nothus (Darius the Bastard)|King of Persia
   birt: 0475 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)|Darius is the Latin form of Dareios, the Greek for of a Persian name, Darayavahash, which mea|nt roughly "To be Rich" from "daraymiy" (to hold) and "vahu" (well); Italian: Dario; Spanish|: Dario.|Royalty:|Darius I the Great (584 BC-486 BC) -- King of Persia.|Darius II Ochus (?-404 BC) -- King of Persia.|Darius III Codommanus (?-330 BC) -- King of Persia. Last king of the Achaemenid dynasty. Defe|ated by Alexander the Great.
deat: 0404 BC
plac: Babylon (Iraq) Ruled 0424 - 0404 BC|0336 BC
marr:
   Oxanthres of Darius II of Artaxerxes I|Prince|Prince of Persia 
   birt: ABT 0450 BC
plac: Sogdia
deat: DECEASED
 
    Parysatis, daughter of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I|Parysatis of Persia
   birt: ABT 0475 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
marr:
  Roxanna (Roxane) (Roxana), daughter of Oxathres of Darius II|Princess 
 birt: ABT 0400 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
 Associates of Alexander IV Aegeus of Alexander III 
birt: ABT 0325 BC
deat: DECEASED

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City of Nineveh in Assyria

 
 (Naoum) (Nachum) Nahum (the Prophet)|(the Prophet)|Prophet 
 birt: ABT 0750 BC
plac: Elkosh||Book 11.9.3|3. Now there was at that time a prophet, whose name was Nahum, who spake after this manner co|ncerning the overthrow of the Assyrians and of Nineveh: "Nineveh shall be a pool of water i|n motion (23) so shall all her people be troubled, and tossed, and go away by flight, while t|hey say one to another, Stand, stand still, seize their gold and silver, for there shall be n|o one to wish them well, for they will rather save their lives than their money; for a terrib|le contention shall possess them one with another, and lamentation, and loosing of the member|s, and their countenances shall be perfectly black with fear. And there will be the den of th|e lions, and the mother of the young lions! God says to thee, Nineveh, that they shall defac|e thee, and the lion shall no longer go out from thee to give laws to the world." And indee|d this prophet prophesied many other things besides these concerning Nineveh, which I do no|t think necessary to repeat, and I here omit them, that I may not appear troublesome to my re|aders; all which thing happened about Nineveh a hundred and fifteen years afterward: so thi|s may suffice to have spoken of these matters.
deat: DECEASED
plac: CHAPTER XXXII4. p. 69|OF THE DEATH OF THE PROPHETS; HOW THEY DlED, AND (WHERE) EACH ONE OF THEM WAS BURIED5.||Nahum, from the city of Elkôsh, (was) of the tribe of Simeon. After the death of Jonah thi|s (prophet) prophesied concerning the Ninevites, saying, 'Nineveh shall perish by perpetuall|y advancing waters, and ascending fire;' and this actually took place. He prophesied also con|cerning the Babylonians, that they would come against the Israelitish people; and therefore t|hey sought to kill him. He prophesied that when the Messiah should be slain, the vail of th|e temple should be rent in twain2, and that the Holy Spirit should depart from it. He died i|n peace, and was buried in his own country.||2 Epiphanius attributes this prophecy to Habakkuk.||(http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bb/bb32.htm)
 Associates of Nahum the Prophet 
 birt: ABT 0750 BC
deat: DECEASED
 City of Nineveh in Assyria 
birt: Assyria, Mesopotamia, Iraq
deat: DECEASED

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Please send corrections to rootsweb@propheticmidrash.com BD NINEVEH Capital of Assyria on the eastern bank of the Tigris, its traditional founder being Nimrod, t he great hunter (Gen. 10: 11-12). For several centuries Calah outstripped it in importance, b ut under Sennacherib it again became the capital (2 Kgs. 19: 36; Isa. 37: 37). It was for mor e than 200 years a great commercial center, and also contained a large library of clay books . The city fell at the downfall of the Assyrian empire, 606 B.C. See Assyria. (2 Kgs. 19: 3 6 = Isa. 37: 37.) For prophecies concerning Nineveh, see Jonah 1: 2; Jonah 3: 2-7; Zeph. 2: 1 3. Repentant Nineveh, a sign to the Jews (Matt. 12: 41 = Luke 11: 32). Its ruins have been ca refully explored, and many important sculptures and inscriptions have been brought to light. Nineveh Nineveh, ancient city, capital of the Assyrian Empire, on the Tigris River opposite the sit e of modern Mosul, Iraq. A shaft dug at Nineveh has yielded a pottery sequence that can be eq uated with the earliest cultural development in N Mesopotamia. The old capital, Assur, was re placed by Calah, which seems to have been replaced by Nineveh. Nineveh was thereafter general ly the capital, although Sargon built Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad) as his capital. Nineveh reach ed its full glory under Sennacherib and Assurbanipal. It continued to be the leader of the an cient world until it fell to a coalition of Babylonians, Medes, and Scythians in 612 B.C. an d the Assyrian Empire came to an end. Excavations, begun in the middle of the 19th cent., hav e revealed an Assyrian city wall with a perimeter of c.7.5 mi (12 km). The palaces of Sennach erib and Assurbanipal, containing magnificent sculptures, have been discovered, as well as As surbanipal's library, including over 20,000 cuneiform tablets. The city is mentioned often i n the Bible. See S. Glubok, ed. Digging in Assyria (1970). The Expanded Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright© 2000. NINEVEH nin'-e-ve (nineweh; Nineue, Nineui; Greek and Roman writers, Ninos): I. BEGINNINGS, NAME, POSITION 1. First Biblical Mention 2. Etymology of the Name 3. Position on the Tigris II. NINEVEH AND ITS SURROUNDINGS 1. Its Walls 2. Principal Mounds and Gateways 3. Extent and Population within the Walls 4. Extent outside the Walls 5. Calah, Resen and Rehoboth-Ir 6. Khorsabad 7. Sherif Khan and Selamieh 8. Nimroud III. PALACES AT NINEVEH PROPER 1. The Palace of Sennacherib 2. The Palace of Assur-bani-apli IV. SENNACHERIB'S DESCRIPTION OF NINEVEH 1. The Walls 2. The Gates--Northwest 3. The Gates--South and East 4. The Gates--West 5. The Outer Wall: the Plantations 6. The Water-Supply, etc. 7. How the Bas-Reliefs Illustrate the King's Description 8. Nineveh the Later Capital V. LAST DAYS AND FALL OF NINEVEH LITERATURE I. Beginnings, Name, Position. 1. First Biblical Mention: The first Biblical mention of Nineveh is in Genesis 10:11, where it is stated that NIMROD (wh ich see) or Asshur went out into Assyria, and builded Nineveh and Rehoboth-Ir, and Calah, an d Resen between Nineveh and Calah, with the addition, "the same is the great city." Everythin g indicates that these statements are correct, for Nineveh was certainly at one time under Ba bylonian rule, and was at first not governed by Assyrian kings, but by issake or viceroys o f Assur, the old capital. To all appearance Nineveh took its name from the Babylonian Nina ne ar Lagas in South Babylonia, on the Euphrates, from which early foundation it was probably co lonized. The native name appears as Ninua or Nina (Ninaa), written with the character for "wa ter enclosure" with that for "fish" inside, implying a connection between Nina and the Semiti c nun, "fish." 2. Etymology of the Name: The Babylonian Nina was a place where fish were very abundant, and Ishtar or Nina, the goddes s of the city, was associated with Nin-mah, Merodach's spouse, as goddess of reproduction. Fi sh are also plentiful in the Tigris at Mosul, the modern town on the other side of the river , and this may have influenced the choice of the site by the Babylonian settlers, and the fou ndation there of the great temple of Ishtar or Nina. The date of this foundation is unknown , but it may have taken place about 3OOO BC. 3. Position on the Tigris: Nineveh lay on the eastern bank of the Tigris, at the point where the Khosr falls into that s tream. The outline of the wall is rectangular on the West, but of an irregular shape on the E ast. The western fortifications run from Northwest to Southeast, following, roughly, the cour se of the river, which now flows about 1,500 yards from the walls, instead of close to them , as in ancient times. II. Nineveh and Its Surroundings. According to the late G. Smith, the southwestern wall has a length of about 2 1/2 miles, an d is joined at its western corner by the northwestern wall, which runs in a northeasterly dir ection for about 1 1/3 miles. 1. Its Walls: The northeastern wall, starting here, runs at first in a southeasterly direction, but turns s outhward, gradually approaching the southwestern wall, to which, at the end of about 3 1/4 mi les, it is joined by a short wall, facing nearly South, rather more than half a mile long. 2. Principal Mounds and Gateways: The principal mounds are Kouyunjik, a little Northeast of the village of `Amusiyeh, and Nebi- Yunas, about 1,500 yards to the Southeast. Both of these lie just within the Southwest wall . Extensive remains of buildings occupy the fortified area. Numerous openings occur in the wa lls, many of them ancient, though some seem to have been made after the abandonment of the si te. The principal gate on the Northwest was guarded by winged bulls (see Layard, Monuments o f Nineveh, 2nd series, plural 3; Nineveh and Babylon, 120). Other gates gave access to the va rious commercial roads of the country, those on the East passing through the curved outwork s and the double line of fortifications which protected the northeastern wall from attack o n that side, where the Ninevites evidently considered that they had most to fear. 3. Extent and Population within the Walls: According to G. Smith, the circuit of the inner wall is about 8 miles, and Captain Jones, wh o made a trigonometrical survey in 1854, estimated that, allotting to each inhabitant 50 squa re yards, the city may have contained 174,000 inhabitants. If the statement in Jonah 4:11, th at the city contained 120,000 persons who could not discern between their right hand and thei r left, be intended to give the number of the city's children only, then the population mus t have numbered about 600,000, and more than three cities of the same extent would have bee n needed to contain them. 4. Extent outside the Walls: It has therefore been supposed--and that with great probability--that there was a large exten sion of the city outside its walls. This is not only indicated by Jonah 3:3, where it is desc ribed as "an exceeding great city of three days' journey" to traverse, but also by the extan t ruins, which stretch Southeast along the banks of the Tigris as far as Nimroud (Calah) whil e its northern extension may have been regarded as including Khorsabad. 5. Calah, Resen and Rehoboth-Ir: Concerning the positions of two of the cities mentioned with Nineveh, namely, Calah and Resen , there can be no doubt, notwithstanding that Resen has not yet been identified--Calah is th e modern Nimroud, and Resen lay between that site and Nineveh. The name Rehoboth-Ir has not yet been found in the inscriptions, but Fried. Delitzsch has sug gested that it may be the rebit Ninua of the inscriptions, Northeast of Nineveh. If this be t he case, the Nineveh of Jonah contained within it all the places in Genesis 10:11,12, and Kho rsabad besides. 6. Khorsabad: Taking the outlying ruins from North to South, we begin with Khorsabad (Dur-Sarru-kin or Dur- Sargina), 12 miles Northeast of Kouyunjik, the great palace mound of Nineveh proper. Khorsaba d is a great enclosure about 2,000 yards square, with the remains of towers and gateways. Th e palace mound lies on its northwest face, and consists of an extensive platform with the rem ains of Sargon's palace and its temple, with a ziqqurat or temple-tower similar to those at B abylon, Borsippa, Calah and elsewhere. This last still shows traces of the tints symbolical o f the 7 planets of which its stages were, seemingly, emblematic. The palace ruins show numero us halls, rooms and passages, many of which were faced with slabs of coarse alabaster, sculpt ured in relief with military operations, hunting-scenes, mythological figures, etc., while th e principal entrances were flanked with the finest winged human-headed bulls which Assyrian a rt has so far revealed. The palace was built about 712 BC, and was probably destroyed by fir e when Nineveh fell in 606 BC, sharing the same fate. Some of the slabs and winged bulls ar e in the Louvre and the British Museum, but most of the antiquarian spoils were lost in the T igris by the sinking of the rafts upon which they were loaded after being discovered. 7. Sherif Khan and Selamieh: Another outlying suburb was probably Tarbicu, now represented by the ruins at Sherif Khan, ab out 3 miles North of Kouyunjik. In this lay a temple--"palace" Sennacherib calls it--dedicate d to Nergal. In ancient times it must have been a place of some importance, as Esarhaddon see ms to have built a palace there, as well as a "seat" for his eldest son, Assur-bani-apli. Th e site of Resen, "between Nineveh and Calah," is thought to be the modern Selamieh, 12 mile s South of Nineveh, and 3 miles North of Nimroud (Calah). It is in the form of an irregular e nclosure on a high mound overlooking the Tigris, with a surface of about 400 acres. No remain s of buildings, sculptures or inscriptions have, however, been found there. 8. Nimroud: After Nineveh. itself (Kouyunjik), the ruins known as Nimroud, 14 or 15 miles Southeast, ar e the most important. They mark the site of the ancient Calah, and have already been describe d under that heading (see p. 539). As there stated, the stone-faced temple-tower seems to b e referred to by Ovid, and is apparently also mentioned by Xenophon (see RESEN). The genera l tendency of the accumulated references to these sites supports theory that they were regard ed as belonging to Nineveh, if not by the Assyrians themselves (who knew well the various mun icipal districts), at least by the foreigners who had either visited the city or had heard o r read descriptions of it. III. Palaces at Nineveh Proper. The palaces at Nineveh were built upon extensive artificial platforms between 30 and 50 ft. h igh, either of sundried brick, as at Nimroud, or of earth and rubbish, as at Kouyunjik. It i s thought that they were faced with masonry, and that access was gained to them by means of f lights of deep steps, or sloping pathways. Naturally it is the plan of the basement floor alo ne that can at present be traced, any upper stories that may have existed having long since d isappeared. The halls and rooms discovered were faced with slabs of alabaster or other stone , often sculptured with bas-reliefs depicting warlike expeditions, the chase, religious cerem onies and divine figures. The depth of the accumulations over these varies from a few inche s to about 30 ft., and if the amount in some cases would seem to be excessive, it is though t that this may have been due either to the existence of upper chambers, or to the extra heig ht of the room. The chambers, which are grouped around courtyards, are long and narrow, wit h small square rooms at the ends. The partition walls vary from 6 to 15 ft. in thickness, an d are of sun-dried brick, against which the stone paneling was fixed. As in the case of the B abylonian temples and palaces, the rooms and halls open into each other, so that, to gain acc ess to those farthest from the courtyard entrance, one or more halls or chambers had to be tr aversed. No traces of windows have been discovered, and little can therefore be said as to th e method of lighting, but the windows were either high up, or light was admitted through open ings in the roof. 1. The Palace of Sennacherib: The palace of Sennacherib lay in the southeast corner of the platform, and consisted of a cou rtyard surrounded on all four sides by numerous long halls, and rooms, of which the innermos t were capable of being rendered private. It was in this palace that were found the reliefs d epicting the siege of Lachish, with the representation of Sennacherib seated on his "standing " throne, while the captives and the spoil of the city passed before him. The grand entranc e was flanked by winged bulls facing toward the spectator as he entered. They were in couples , back to back, on each side of the doorway, and between each pair the ancient Babylonian her o-giant, carrying in one hand the "boomerang," and holding tightly with his left arm a strugg ling lion (Layard, Nineveh and Babylon, 137) was represented, just as at his father Sargon' s palace at Khorsabad. The upper part of these imposing figures had been destroyed, but the y were so massive, that the distinguished explorer attributed their overthrow not to the ac t of man, but to some convulsion of Nature. 2. The Palace of Assur-bani-apli: In the north of the mound are the ruins of the palace of Assur-bani-apli or Assur-bani-pal, d iscovered by Hormuzd Rassam. His latest plan (Asshur and the Land of Nimrod, Cincinnati and N ew York, 1897, plate facing p. 36) does not give the whole of the structure, much of the buil ding having been destroyed; but the general arrangement of the rooms was upon the traditiona l lines. The slabs with which they were paneled showed bas-reliefs illustrating the Assyria n campaigns against Babylonia, certain Arab tribes, and Elam. As far as they are preserved, t he sculptures are wonderfully good, and the whole decorative scheme of the paneled walls, o f which, probably, the greater part is forever lost, may be characterized, notwithstanding th eir defects of perspective and their mannerisms, as nothing less than magnificent. The lion-h unts of the great king, despite the curious treatment of the animals' manes (due to the sculp tors' ignorance of the right way to represent hair) are admirable. It would be difficult to i mprove upon the expressions of fear, rage and suffering on the part of the animals there deli neated. The small sculptures showing Assur-bani-apli hunting the goat and the wild ass are no t less noteworthy, and are executed with great delicacy. IV. Sennacherib's Description of Nineveh. 1. The Walls: In all probability the best description of the city is that given by Sennacherib on the cylin der recording his expedition to Tarsus in Cilicia. From ancient times, he says, the circuit o f the city had measured 9,300 cubits, and he makes the rather surprising statement that his p redecessors had not built either the inner or the outer wall, which, if true, shows how confi dent they were of their security from attack. He claims to have enlarged the city by 12,515 ( cubits). The great defensive wall which he built was called by the Sumerian name of Bad-imgal labi-lu-susu, which he translates as "the wall whose glory overthrows the enemy." He made th e brickwork 40 (cubits) thick, which would probably not greatly exceed the estimate of G. Smi th, who reckoned it to have measured about 50 ft. The height of the wall he raised to 180 tip ki, which, admitting the estimate of Diodorus, should amount to about 100 ft. 2. The Gates--Northwest: In this enclosing wall were 15 gates, which he enumerates in full. Three of these were situat ed in the short northwest wall--the gate of Hadad; the gate of Uru or Hadad of Tarbisu (Sheri f Khan), and the gate of the moon-god Nannar, Sennacherib's own deity. The plans show five op enings in the wall on this side, any of which may have been the gate used when going to Tarbi cu, but that adorned with winged bulls probably furnished the shortest route. 3. The Gates--South and East: The gates looking toward the South and the East were the Assur-gate (leading to the old capit al); Sennacherib's Halzi-gate; the gate of Samas of Gagal, the gate of the god Enlil of Kar-N inlil, and the "covered gate," which seems to have had the reputation of letting forth the fe ver-demon. After this are mentioned the Sibaniba-gate, and the gate of Halah in Mesopotamia . This last must have been the extreme northeastern opening, now communicating with the roa d to Khorsabad, implying that Halah lay in that direction. 4. The Gates--West: The gates on the west or river-side of the city were "the gate of Ea, director of my waterspr ings"; the quay-gate, "bringer of the tribute of my peoples"; the gate of the land of Bari, w ithin which the presents of the Sumilites entered (brought down by the Tigris from Babylonia , in all probability); the gate of the tribute-palace or armory; and the gate of the god Sar- ur--"altogether 5 gates in the direction of the West." There are about 9 wide openings in th e wall on this side, 2 being on each side of the Kouyunjik mound, and 2 on each side of tha t called Nebi-Yunus. As openings at these points would have endangered the city's safety, the se 4 have probably to be eliminated, leaving 2 only North of Nebi-Yunus, 2 between that and K ouyunjik, and one North of Kouyunjik. Minor means of exit probably existed at all points wher e they were regarded as needful. 5. The Outer Wall: the Plantations: To the outer wall of the city Sennacherib gave a Sumerian name meaning, "the wall which terri fies the enemy." At a depth of 54 gar, the underground water-level, its foundations were lai d upon blocks of stone, the object of this great depth being to frustrate undermining. The wa ll was made "high like a mountain." Above and below the city he laid out plantations, wherei n all the sweet-smelling herbs of Heth (Palestine and Phoenicia) grew, fruitful beyond thos e of their homeland. Among them were to be found every kind of mountain-vine, and the plant s of all the nations around. 6. The Water-Supply, etc.: In connection with this, in all probability, he arranged the water-supply, conducting a dista nt water-course to Nineveh by means of conduits. Being a successful venture, he seems to hav e watered therewith all the people's orchards, and in winter 1,000 corn fields above and belo w the city. The force of the increased current in the river Khosr was retarded by the creatio n of a swamp, and among the reeds which grew there were placed wild fowl, wild swine, and dee r(?). Here he repeated his exotic plantations, including trees for wood, cotton (apparently ) and seemingly the olive. 7. How the Bas-Reliefs Illustrate the King's Description: Sennacherib's bas-reliefs show some of the phases of the work which his cylinder inscription s describe. We see the winged bulls, which are of colossal dimensions, sometimes lying on the ir sledges (shaped like boats or Assyrian ships), and sometimes standing and supported by sca ffolding. The sledges rest upon rollers, and are dragged by armies of captives urged to actio n by taskmasters with whips. Others force the sledges forward from behind by means of enormou s levers whose upper ends are held in position by guy-ropes. Each side has to pull with equa l force, for if the higher end of the great lever fell, the side which had pulled too hard su ffered in killed and crushed, or at least in bruised, workmen of their number. In the backgro und are the soldiers of the guard, and behind them extensive wooded hills. In other bas-relie fs it is apparently the pleasure grounds of the palace which are seen. In these the backgroun d is an avenue of trees, alternately tall and short, on the banks of a river, whereon are boa ts, and men riding astride inflated skins, which were much used in those days, as now. On ano ther slab, the great king himself, in his hand-chariot drawn by eunuchs, superintends the wor k. 8. Nineveh the Later Capital: How long Nineveh had been the capital of Assyria is unknown. The original capital was Assur , about 50 miles to the South, and probably this continued to be regarded as the religious an d official capital of the country. Assur-nacir-Apli seems to have had a greater liking for Ca lah (Nimroud), and Sargon for Khorsabad, where he had founded a splendid palace. These latter , however, probably never had the importance of Nineveh, and attained their position merely o n account of the reigning king building a palace and residing there. The period of Nineveh' s supremacy seems to have been from the beginning of the reign of Sennacherib to the end of t hat of Assur-bani-apli, including, probably, the reigns of his successors likewise--a perio d of about 98 years (704-606 BC). V. Last Days and Fall of Nineveh. Nineveh, during the centuries of her existence, must have seen many stirring historical event s; but the most noteworthy were probably Sennacherib's triumphal entries, including that foll owing the capture of Lachish, the murder of that great conqueror by his sons (the recent theo ry that he was killed at Babylon needs confirmation); and the ceremonial triumphs of Assur-ba ni-apli--the great and noble Osnappar (Ezra 4:10). After the reign of Assur-bani-apli came hi s son Assur-etil-ilani, who was succeeded by Sin-sarra-iskun (Saracos), but the history of th e country, and also of the city, is practically non-existent during these last two reigns. Th e Assyrian and Babylonian records are silent with regard to the fall of the city, but Alexand er Polyhistor, Abydenus and Syncellus all speak of it. The best account, however, is that o f Diodorus Siculus, who refers to a legend that the city could not be taken until the river b ecame its enemy. Arbaces, the Scythian, besieged it, but could not make any impression on i t for 2 years. In the 3rd year, however, the river (according to Commander Jones, not the Tig ris, but the Khosr), being swollen by rains, and very rapid in its current, carried away a po rtion of the wall, and by this opening the besiegers gained an entrance. The king, recognizin g in this the fulfillment of the oracle, gathered together his concubines and eunuchs, and, m ounting a funeral pyre which he had caused to be constructed, perished in the flames. This ca tastrophe is supposed to be referred to in Nahum 1:8: "With an over-running flood he (the Lord) will make a full end of her place (i.e. of Nineveh) ," and Nahum 2:6: "The gates of the rivers are opened, and the palace is dissolved." The dest ruction of the city by fire is probably referred to in 3:13,15. The picture of the scenes i n her streets--the noise of the whip, the rattling wheels, the prancing horses, the boundin g chariots (3:2), followed by a vivid description of the carnage of the battlefield--is excee dingly striking, and true to their records and their sculptures. LITERATURE. The standard books on the discovery and exploration of Nineveh are Layard, Nineveh and Its Re mains (two volumes, 1849); Nineveh and Babylon (1853); Monuments of Nineveh, 1st and 2nd seri es (plates) (1849 and 1853); and Hormuzd Hassam, Asshur and the Land of Nimrod (Cincinnati an d New York, 1897). NINEVEH, LIBRARY OF I. THE DISCOVERY II. THE LIBRARY III. WRITING-MATERIALS IV. CONTENTS 1. Philology 2. Astronomy and Astrology 3. Religious Texts 4. Law 5. Science 6. Literature 7. History and Chronology 8. Commerce 9. Letters I. The Discovery. In the spring of 1850, the workmen of Sir A.H. Layard at Nineveh made an important discovery . In the ruins of the palace of Assur-bani-pal they found a passage which opened into two sma ll chambers leading one into the other. The doorway was guarded on either side by figures o f Ea, the god of culture and the inventor of letters, in his robe of fishskin. The walls of t he chambers had once been paneled with bas-reliefs, one of which represented a city standin g on the shore of a sea that was covered with galleys. Up to the height of a foot or more th e floor was piled with clay tablets that had fallen from the shelves on which they had been a rranged in order, and the larger number of them was consequently broken. Similar tablets, bu t in lesser number, were found in the adjoining chambers. After Layard's departure, other tab lets were discovered by Mr. Hormuzd Rassam, and then the excavations ceased for many years. T he discovery of the Babylonian version of the account of the Deluge, however, by Mr. George S mith in 1873 led the proprietors of the Daily Telegraph to send him to Nineveh in the hope th at the missing portions of the story might be found. He had not been excavating there long be fore he came across a fragment of another version of the story, and then once more the excava tions came to an end. Since then expeditions have been sent by the British Museum which hav e resulted in the recovery of further remains of the ancient library of Nineveh. II. The Library. The tablets formed a library in the true sense of the word. Libraries had existed in the citi es of Babylonia from a remote date, and the Assyrian kings, whose civilization was derived fr om Babylonia, imitated the example of Babylonia in this as in other respects. The only true b ooklover among them, however, was Assur-bani-pal. He was one of the most munificent royal pat rons of learning the world has ever seen, and it was to him that the great library of Nineve h owed its existence. New editions were made of older works, and the public and private libra ries of Babylonia were ransacked in search of literary treasures. III. Writing-Materials. Fortunately for us the ordinary writing-material of the Babylonians and Assyrians was clay. I t was more easily procurable than papyrus or parchment, and was specially adapted for the rec eption of the cuneiform characters. Hence, while the greater part of the old Egyptian literat ure, which was upon papyrus, has perished that of Babylonia and Assyria has been preserved. I n Babylonia the tablets after being inscribed were often merely dried in the sun; in the damp er climate of Assyria they were baked in a kiln. As a large amount of text had frequently t o be compressed into a small space, the writing is sometimes so minute as to need the assista nce of a magnifying glass before it can be read. It is not surprising, therefore, that in th e library-chambers of Nineveh Layard found a magnifying lens of crystal, which had been turne d on the lathe. IV. Contents. 1. Philology: The subject-matter of the tablets included all the known branches of knowledge. Foremost amon g them are the philological works. The inventors of the cuneiform system of writing had spoke n an agglutinative language, called Sumerian, similar to that of the Turks or Finns today; an d a considerable part of the early literature had been written in this language, which to th e later Semitic Babylonians and Assyrians was what Latin was to the European nations in the M iddle Ages. The student was therefore provided with grammars and dictionaries of the two lang uages, as well as with reading-books and interlinear translates into Assyrian of the chief Su merian texts. Besides this, long lists of the cuneiform characters were drawn up with their p honetic and ideographic values, together with lists of Assyrian synonyms, in which, for examp le,, all the equivalents are given of the word "to go." The Assyrian lexicographers at time s attempted etymologies which are as wide of the mark as similar etymologies given by Englis h lexicographers of a past generation. Sabattu, "Sabbath," for instance, is derived from th e two Sumerian words sa "heart" and bat, "to end," and so is explained to mean "day of rest f or the heart." It is obvious that all this implies an advanced literary culture. People do no t begin to compile grammars and dictionaries or to speculate on the origin of words until boo ks and libraries abound and education is widespread. 2. Astronomy and Astrology: Astronomy occupied a prominent place in Assyrian literature, but it was largely mingled wit h astrology. The Babylonians were the founders of scientific astronomy; they were the first t o calculate the dates of lunar and solar eclipses, and to give names to the signs of the Zodi ac. Among the contents of the library of Nineveh are reports from the Royal Observatory, rela ting to the observation of eclipses and the like. 3. Religious Texts: A knowledge of astronomy was needed for the regulation of the calendar, and the calendar wa s the special care of the priests, as the festivals of the gods and the payment of tithes wer e dependent upon it. Most of the religious texts went back to the Sumerian period and were ac cordingly provided with Assyrian translations. Some of them were hymns to the gods, others we re the rituals used in different temples. There was, moreover, a collection of psalms, as wel l as numerous mythological texts. 4. Law: The legal literature was considerable. The earliest law books were in Sumerian, but the grea t code compiled by Hammurabi, the contemporary of Abraham, was in Semitic Babylonian (see HAM MURABI). Like English law, Assyro-Babylonian law was case-made, and records of the cases deci ded from time to time by the judges are numerous. 5. Science: Among scientific works we may class the long lists of animals, birds, fishes, plants and ston es, together with geographical treatises, and the pseudo-science of omens. Starting from th e belief that where two events followed one another, the first was the cause of the second, a n elaborate pseudo-science of augury had been built up, and an enormous literature arose on t he interpretation of dreams, the observation of the liver of animals, etc. Unfortunately Assu r-bani-pal had a special predilection for the subject, and the consequence is that his librar y was filled with works which the Assyriologist would gladly exchange for documents of a mor e valuable character. Among the scientific works we may also include those on medicine, as we ll as numerous mathematical tables. 6. Literature: Literature was largely represented, mainly in the form of poems on mythological, religious o r historical subjects. Among these the most famous is the epic of the hero Gilgames in twelv e books, the Babylonian account of the Deluge being introduced as an episode in the elevent h book. Another epic was the story of the great battle between the god Merodach and Tiamat, t he dragon of chaos and evil, which includes the story of the creation. 7. History and Chronology: Historical records are very numerous, the Assyrians being distinguished among the nations o f antiquity by their historical sense. In Assyria the royal palace took the place of the Ba h or Egyptian temple; and where the Babylonian or the Egyptian would have left behind him a r eligious record, the Assyrian adorned his walls with accounts of campaigns and the victorie s of their royal builders. The dates which are attached to each portion of the narrative, an d the care with which the names of petty princes and states are transcribed, give a high ide a of the historical precision at which the Assyrians aimed. The Assyrian monuments are alon e sufficient to show that the historical sense was by no means unknown to the ancient people s of the East, and when we remember how closely related the Assyrians were to the Hebrews i n both race and language, the fact becomes important to the Biblical student. Besides histori cal texts the library contained also chronological tables and long lists of kings and dynasti es with the number of years they reigned. In Babylonia time was marked by officially naming e ach year after some event that had occurred in the course of it; the more historically-minde d Assyrian named the year after a particular official, called limmu, who was appointed on eac h New Year's Day. In Babylonia the chronological system went back to a very remote date. Th e Babylonians were a commercial people, and for commercial purposes it was necessary to hav e an exact register of the time. 8. Commerce: The library contained trading documents of various sorts, more especially contracts, deeds o f sale of property and the like. Now and then we meet with the plan of a building. There wer e also fiscal documents relating to the taxes paid by the cities and provinces of the empir e to the imperial treasury. 9. Letters: One department of the library consisted of letters, some of them private, others addressed t o the king or to the high officials. Nearly a thousand of these have already been published b y Professor Harper. The clay books, it need hardly be added, were all carefully numbered and catalogued, the Assy|rian system of docketing and arranging the tablets being at once ingenious and simple. The li|brarians, consequently, had no difficulty in finding any tablet or series of tablets that mig|ht be asked for. We may gather from the inscription attached to the larger works copied fro|m Babylonian originals as well as to other collections of tablets that the library was open t|o all "readers."|Nineveh:|The most populous and the oldest city in Assyria. Situated on the east bank of the Tigris opp|osite modern Mosul in Iraq.|(http://www.geocities.com/spenta_mainyu/glossary.htm)|Nineveh: If you are familiar with the Old Testament, then you are familiar with Nineveh as th|e destination of Jonah. The site was discovered in 1845 and there have been a number of find|s there. The locals were familiar with the site and new one of the two main mounds by its tra|ditional name: "Nebi Yunis" which literally means "Prophet Jonah." In the annals of Sennacher|ib was found a record of his 8 campaigns, including the plundering of Judah that was describe|d in Isaiah and II Kings. The capture of Lachish was described as the following:||Sennacherib King of the Universe, King of Assyria, sat upon a throne and reviewed the spoil o|f the city of Lachish.||The annals record the actions and feats of the campaign against Palestine quite thoroughly, b|ut gives absolutely no reason that Jerusalem was not taken in addition to the rest of Judah|. It merely states that he shut Hezekiah up "like a caged bird." The annals do not contain th|e humiliating manner in which they were completely repulsed, but not to fear; Isaiah record|s it very thoroughly:||Isaiah Chapter 36: In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah's reign, Sennacherib king of Assyr|ia attacked all the fortified cities of Judah and captured them. Then the king of Assyria sen|t his field commander with a large army from Lachish to King Hezekiah at Jerusalem. When th|e commander stopped at the aqueduct of the Upper Pool, on the road to the Washerman's Field|, Eliakim son of Hilkiah the palace administrator, Shebna the secretary, and Joah son of Asap|h the recorder went out to him. {Cut long speech by the field commander} Then Eliakim, Shebna|, and Joah said to the field commander, "Please speak to your servants in Aramaic, since we u|nderstand it. Don't speak to us in Hebrew in the hearing of the people on the wall." But th|e commander replied, "Was it only to your master and you that my master sent me to say thes|e things, and not to the men sitting on the wall-who, like you, will have to eat their own fi|lth and drink their own urine?"||Then the commander stood and called out in Hebrew, "Hear the words of the great king, the kin|g of Assyria! This is what the king says: Do not let Hezekiah deceive you. He cannot delive|r you! Do not let Hezekiah persuade you to trust in the Lord when he says, 'The Lord will sur|ely deliver us; this city will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria.' Do not lis|ten to Hezekiah. This is what the king of Assyria says: Make peace with me and come out to me|. Then every one of you will eat from his own vine and fig tree and drink water from his ow|n cistern, until I come and take you to a land like your own-a land of grain and new wine|, a land of bread and vineyards. Do not let Hezekiah mislead you when he says, 'The Lord wil|l deliver us.' Has the god of any nation ever delivered his land from the hand of the king o|f Assyria? Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim? Have the|y rescued Samaria from my hand? Who of all the gods of these countries has been able to sav|e his land from me? How then can the Lord deliver Jerusalem from my hand?"... 37:36- Then th|e angel of the Lord went out and put to death a hundred and eighty-five thousand men in the A|ssyrian camp. When the people got up the next morning-there were all the dead bodies! So Senn|acherib king of Assyria broke camp and withdrew. He returned to Nineveh and stayed there."|Jonah, Isaiah 36 and 37, II Kings 18:13 - chapter 19