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Sons of Habaiah of Levi (Exiles with Zerubbabel)|(Exiles with Zerubbabel)


				Returning Exiles, time of Nehemiah ben Hachaliah
				birt: Neh 7:6 These are the people of the province who came up from the captivity of the exiles who plac: m Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had taken captive (they returned to Jerusalem and Judah, eac\|h to his own town, 7 in company with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahamani\|, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispereth, Bigvai, Nehum and Baanah): The list of the men of Israel: deat: DECEASED
			Zerubbabel (Zorobabel) (Sheshbazzar) ben Pedaiah (3rd Exilarch)\|(3rd Exilarch)\|Governor\|King of Persia
			birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Babylon\|Luke 2:27\|Jesus' lineage:...Which was the son of Joanna, which was the son of Rhesa, which was the so\|n of Zorobabel, which was the son of Salathiel, which was the son of Neri\|Matt 1:12\|And after they were brought to Babylon, Jechonias begat Salathiel; and Salathiel begat Zoroba\|bel;\|...and the sons of Zerubbabel; Meshullam, and Hananiah, and Shelomith their sister: And Hashu\|bah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushab-hesed, five.\|\|1 Chr 3:19\|And the sons of Pedaiah were, Zerubbabel, and Shimei\|Neh.7: 6\|These are the people of the province who came up from the captivity of the exiles whom Nebuch\|adnezzar king of Babylon had taken captive (they returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to hi\|s own town, 7 in company with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahamani, Morde\|cai, Bilshan, Mispereth, Bigvai, Nehum and Baanah):\|\|Neh. 12:1\|Came up with Seraiah (RIN 1083), Ezra (RIN 1479), Jeshua and Jeremiah out of Babylon\|\|Luke 3:\|23 And Jesus himself began to be about thirty years of age, being (as was supposed) the son o\|f Joseph, which was the son of Heli,\|24 Which was the son of Matthat, which was the son of Levi, which was the son of Melchi, whic\|h was the son of Janna, which was the son of Joseph,\|25 Which was the son of Mattathias, which was the son of Amos, which was the son of Naum, whi\|ch was the son of Esli, which was the son of Nagge,\|26 Which was the son of Maath, which was the son of Mattathias, which was the son of Semei, w\|hich was the son of Joseph, which was the son of Juda,\|27 Which was the son of Joanna, which was the son of Rhesa, which was the son of Zorobabel, w\|hich was the son of Salathiel, which was the son of Neri, deat: DECEASED
		Associates of Governor Zerubbabel ben Pedaiah
		birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Babylon deat: DECEASED
			Esthra Princess of Israel (2nd m.)
			birt: deat:
	Those Who Returned with Governor Zerubbabel ben Pedaiah
	birt: Ezra 2:1-35 plac: 1 Now these are the people of the province who came up out of the captivity of the exiles who\|m Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away to Babylon, and returned to Jerusalem a\|nd Judah, each to his city.\|2 These came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar\|, Bigvai, Rehum and Baanah. The number of the men of the people of Israel:\|3 the sons of Parosh, 2,172;\|4 the sons of Shephatiah, 372;\|5 the sons of Arah, 775;\|6 the sons of Pahath-moab of the sons of Jeshua and Joab, 2,812;\|7 the sons of Elam, 1,254;\|8 the sons of Zattu, 945;\|9 the sons of Zaccai, 760;\|10 the sons of Bani, 642;\|11 the sons of Bebai, 623;\|12 the sons of Azgad, 1,222;\|13 the sons of Adonikam, 666;\|14 the sons of Bigvai, 2,056;\|15 the sons of Adin, 454;\|16 the sons of Ater of Hezekiah, 98;\|17 the sons of Bezai, 323;\|18 the sons of Jorah, 112;\|19 the sons of Hashum, 223;\|20 the sons of Gibbar, 95;\|21 the men of Bethlehem, 123;\|22 the men of Netophah, 56;\|23 the men of Anathoth, 128;\|24 the sons of Azmaveth, F15 42;\|25 the sons of Kiriath-arim, Chephirah and Beeroth, 743;\|26 the sons of Ramah and Geba, 621;\|27 the men of Michmas, 122;\|28 the men of Bethel and Ai, 223;\|29 the sons of Nebo, 52;\|30 the sons of Magbish, 156;\|31 the sons of the other Elam, 1,254;\|32 the sons of Harim, 320;\|33 the sons of Lod, Hadid and Ono, 725;\|34 the men of Jericho, 345;\|35 the sons of Senaah, 3,630. deat: DECEASED
Sons of Habaiah of Levi (Exiles with Zerubbabel)\|(Exiles with Zerubbabel)
birt: deat: DECEASED

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Associates of Mayor (Parnaka) Pharnaces I of Arsames


				Associates of Prophet Daniel of Judah
				birt: deat: DECEASED
			Darius I (Setutre) (Darayavahush) of Hystaspes I of Arsames\|King and General\|Darius the Mede, King of Chaldea, (Darius I (521-485 BC))
			birt: 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|Darius is the Latin form of Dareios, the Greek for of a Persian name, Darayavahash, which mea\|nt roughly "To be Rich" from "daraymiy" (to hold) and "vahu" (well); Italian: Dario; Spanish\|: Dario.\|Royalty:\|Darius I the Great (584 BC-486 BC) -- King of Persia.\|Darius II Ochus (?-404 BC) -- King of Persia.\|Darius III Codommanus (?-330 BC) -- King of Persia. Last king of the Achaemenid dynasty. Defe\|ated by Alexander the Great. deat: 0486 BC plac: Parthia, Iran Ruled 0521 - 0486 BC marr: marr:
		Associates of King (Setutre) Darius I of Hystaspes I
		birt: ABT 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
				Cyrus II (Kurush) (Kuruš) (Kores) of Cambyses I of Cyrus I\|King\|Cyrus the Great\|King of Persia (538 BC-530 BC)
				birt: 0585 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0530 BC/529 BC plac: Asia marr:
			Atossa (Hutaosâ), daughter of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|Princess\|Princess of Persia
			birt: 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
	Pharnaces I (Pharnakes) (Parnaka) of Arsames of Ariaramnes\|Mayor
	birt: ABT 0575 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
Associates of Mayor (Parnaka) Pharnaces I of Arsames
birt: ABT 0575 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED

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Associates of King Darius III of Arsames


				Greco-Roman Rulers of Egypt
				birt: Egypt deat: DECEASED
			Alexander III of Philip II of Amyntas III\|King\|King of Macedonia
			birt: Jul 0356 BC plac: Pella, Macedonia, Greece\|Alexander by Plutarch\|75 AD\|ALEXANDER\|356-323 B.C.\|by Plutarch\|translated by John Dryden\|ALEXANDER -\|IT being my purpose to write the lives of Alexander the king, and of Caesar, by whom Pompey w\|as destroyed, the multitude of their great actions affords so large a field that I were to bl\|ame if I should not by way of apology forewarn my reader that I have chosen rather to epitomi\|ze the most celebrated parts of their story, than to insist at large on every particular circ\|umstance of it. It must be borne in mind that my design is not to write histories, but lives.\|...\|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Alexander/)\|Sacred Texts <../../index.htm> Judaism <../index.htm> Index Previous Next \|\|p. 8\|ALEXANDER OF MACEDON\|THE great conqueror Alexander the Macedonian, the son of Philip, who, at the instigation of t\|he Persians, was assassinated by Pisanius, when yet a boy showed great thirst for conquest. W\|hen he heard of his father's conquests he wept bitterly, complaining that by the time he assu\|med the crown there would be so little for him to conquer. He was barely twenty years old whe\|n he ascended the throne, but he knew well how to make his power felt. He soon conquered th\|e Thracians, as well as the rebellious Thebans, and his heroic qualities developed so rapidl\|y that he was appointed by the Greeks as military chief in their wars against the Persians. U\|ninterrupted success followed his arms, and had he not died at a comparatively early age he w\|ould probably have conquered what was then known as the whole world. His victory over the Per\|sian General Memnon, on the river Granicus, in the North-West of Asia Minor, opened for him t\|he road into the interior of further Asia. He was not slow to take advantage of the opportuni\|ty, and pushed rapidly through the States of Asia Minor, through Lydia and Ionia to Pamphylia\|. In the latter, near Issus, he gained a brilliant victory over Darius the Third, also know\|n as Codomanus, who narrowly escaped death, leaving his mother, his wife and his children i\|n the hands of the conqueror.\|The Macedonian hero, with his troops intoxicated with victory after victory, now entered Syri\|a, not so much in pursuit of Darius as with a view to extending\|p. 9\|his conquests. He took Damascus and Sidon, and attacked Tyre, so as to become master of the s\|ea also.\|That city, however, being very strongly fortified, and being on one side protected by the sea\|, offered a stubborn resistance, and Alexander found himself compelled to embark on a long si\|ege. In order to prevent any untoward event during the siege, Alexander was anxious to ensur\|e immunity from the neighbouring State.\|He therefore sent a message to Jerusalem, with a letter to the High Priest Jedua with the fol\|lowing requests: (1) To supply him with troops; (2) to allow free traffic between the Macedon\|ian army and Jerusalem; (3) to give him every possible assistance, such as had been granted t\|o Darius. A hint was also thrown out that the High Priest would do well to consider whose fri\|endship and goodwill was of greater value--that of the victor, or that of the vanquished.\|The letter further expressed Alexander's anticipation of having these modest requests granted\|, and assured the Jews that they would have no reason to regret compliance. The Jews could no\|t but know that it would be greatly to their advantage to be on good terms with this famous h\|ero, and that the beaten Persian could neither benefit nor injure them. Yet they did not fee\|l justified in deserting the Persians. The High Priest therefore indited something like the f\|ollowing answer:--\|'Recognition and high esteem are undoubtedly due to so glorious a hero, yet for the present t\|he Jews of Jerusalem cannot comply with his wishes, for these reasons: We Jews have promise\|d our loyalty, on our oath, to Darius. So long as that Prince lives the oath has its force, a\|nd the Jews could commit no sin so grievous as wilful perjury, seeing that one of their comma\|ndments, with which God has entrusted them, is this: "Thou shalt not take the name of the Lor\|d thy God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless\|p. 10\|that taketh His name in vain."' The High Priest moreover mentioned instances--such as Zedekia\|h, the last King of Judah, who became disloyal to the Babylonian ruler, his former allegianc\|e notwithstanding, and brought calamity upon himself and upon Judea. He further pointed out t\|hat Moses' teaching tends to show that the God of Israel is a God of Truth, that treachery an\|d untruth bring misfortune on those who practise them, and that it is incumbent on every tru\|e adherent of the teaching of Moses to avoid all falsehood and duplicity. Alexander would per\|haps have been satisfied with the explanation offered by the High Priest Jedua, had it not be\|en for the Samaritans, who, whilst practising all sorts of idolatry, were at the same time an\|xious to unite with the Jews, and to be considered as a portion of that body. When the Jews r\|epudiated them, they sought to set up a temple of their own on the model of the Jerusalem Tem\|ple. Menasseh, a brother of Jedua, formerly a priest, having married a Samaritan woman, the d\|aughter of a Samaritan governor, was deprived of his office of priest in the temple, and wa\|s naturally all the more anxious to set up an opposition temple, in which he could exercise h\|is priestly function. The Samaritans therefore strained every nerve to excite Alexander's ill\|will against the Jews, and to obtain his sanction for the erection of a temple on Mount Geriz\|im.\|Sanblat, the Governor of Samaria, and father-in-law of Menasseh, the expelled priest, sough\|t audience of Alexander, and took the opportunity to give his version of the motives of Jedua\|, the High Priest, in refusing Alexander's requests. He maintained that loyalty to Darius wa\|s not the motive of the refusal, as the Jews, he said, knew nothing of loyalty, but, on the c\|ontrary, would overthrow every throne not occupied by one of their own people if they had th\|e power. He said that they were priest-ridden, and that if there were any who\|p. 11\|would join his (Alexander's) army, they dared not venture it, as that would exclude them fro\|m participating in the Temple service, which to them meant moral death. If he (the Macedonian\|) would only secure an alternative to the Jerusalem Temple by sanctioning the opposition Temp\|le which the Samaritans were anxious to set up, this would bring large numbers from Jerusale\|m to the new Temple; and the newcomers, no longer fearing exclusion from the Jerusalem servic\|e, would gladly join with the Samaritans the banner of the great conqueror Alexander. It is p\|erhaps not surprising that the Macedonian conqueror was much impressed with this plausible ve\|rsion, especially when the Samaritans, as an earnest of their acceptance of and adhesion to t\|he new state of affairs, deserted en masse the ranks of the crushed Darius, and went over t\|o Alexander's army.\|The desired permission for the building of the Gerizim Temple was granted, and the work was t\|aken in band. Soon afterwards, however, the governor, who was a man of advanced age, died. Ty\|re could no longer resist the severe siege, and, as predicted by the prophet (Is. 27), it cap\|itulated. Indescribable slaughter and ravage took place within its walls; the town was laid i\|n ruins, and its heroes were either slaughtered or taken as slaves.\|Alexander now turned his attention to the punishment of the Jews, and started with his ever-v\|ictorious army for Jerusalem. When the news of the approach of Alexander and his formidable a\|rmy reached Jerusalem, there was consternation, and despair ruled supreme amongst the inhabit\|ants, one and all. The Jews took refuge, as ever, in their religion; prayer, fasting, sackclo\|th and ashes were the order of the day. Confession of sin and repentance were practised dail\|y by almost every person. When Alexander was but about one day's distance from Jerusalem, th\|e High Priest and Elders of the Temple had the streets of the\|p. 12\|city beautifully decorated, the public buildings as well as the private residences were magni\|ficently adorned, and they ordered the inhabitants to form two lines in the streets--one oppo\|site the other--the people to appear in their holiday attire. The gates of the city were bede\|cked with garlands of the finest flowers, and triumphal arches were erected. The priests, th\|e Levites and the Elders, at their head the venerable High Priest Jedua in full priestly robe\|s, mitre, ephod and breastplate, made their way, towards evening, to the entrance of the city\|, carrying torches and candles in their hands, and a light was thrown on the brilliant assemb\|ly such as eclipsed the noonday brightness of a magnificent summer's day.\|Soon after their arrival at the gate, Alexander, at the head of his army, made his appearance\|. He was quite astonished at the sight that met his view, and seemed to be overwhelmed on beh\|olding the grand and imposing assembly that came to meet him. When he saw the High Priest, wh\|o looked even as an angel in his garments, Alexander dismounted, as though impelled by an ins\|tinct, bowed himself reverently, and proclaimed aloud: 'Blessed be the God whose servant yo\|u are.' His army, however, having anticipated plunder rather than the sight before them, coul\|d ill conceal their bewilderment at the strange turn of affairs. They could hardly believe, o\|n the evidence of their own senses, that their proud monarch should bend his head so humbly a\|nd so reverently before the High Priest. One of Alexander's confidential and favourite office\|rs, Parmenion by name, ventured at last to ask the King why he, the proud conqueror, showed s\|uch marked honour and deference to the Jewish priest.\|'Listen, then,' replied Alexander, 'and I will tell you of a wonderful experience of mine. Wh\|ile I was still in Macedonia I often lay awake at night, when all else was at rest, thinkin\|g of a plan by which to gain mastery\|p. 13\|of Asia. One evening, when my thoughts were more than usually occupied with this fond schem\|e of mine, I fell, exhausted by this mental strain, into a deep slumber, and saw in a visio\|n an awe-inspiring man standing before me. The very sight of him seemed to instil into me cou\|rage and hope, and, as though reading my very thoughts, he advised me to cross the borders o\|f Greece without further hesitation, and assured me of the success of my projected undertakin\|g. That vision of mine was no myth, no nightmare, not the mere phantasy of a heated brain; fo\|r not only have I, since that vision, never met with anything but victory, but in the hoar-he\|aded and venerable servant of the Jewish God, in his attire and in his bearing, I see no othe\|r than the man of my vision. Shall I not then revere the man who was the messenger of his Go\|d to lead me to victory? I am equally convinced that my destiny is to overthrow Darius, and f\|or that purpose I was called to undertake this venture, and the appearance of this holy man f\|oretells complete success.' After this explanation, Alexander entered Jerusalem, accompanie\|d by the Jewish dignitaries who came to meet him. He was welcomed and cheered throughout by t\|he population of the city. His first request was to be taken to the Temple, where he anxiousl\|y inquired concerning the ceremonies and sacrifices and the manner of the services.\|His curiosity was gladly satisfied, and the High Priest directed his attention also to the pa\|ssage in Daniel 8. 5, where it is foretold that a Greek ruler (which term the High Priest app\|lied to Alexander) would overthrow the Persian kingdom, and Alexander was exceedingly please\|d with all he saw and heard. The following day the Macedonian hero summoned all the priests a\|nd elders, and asked them to tell him, without restraint and hesitation, what they wished o\|f him as a token of his great satisfaction at the reception given him, and as a mark of his h\|igh estimation of their\|p. 14\|services and organization. The High Priest, who was the spokesman, asked his Majesty to gran\|t them the free and unhindered exercise of their religious rites, and to waive the payment o\|f taxes in the Sabbatical year, when, according to the law of Moses, no agricultural pursuit\|s were allowed, and consequently there was no revenue from their lands. This was at once gran\|ted; but Alexander observed from Jedua's demeanour that there was some further favour he wish\|ed to obtain, but that the good man was reluctant to name it. He therefore requested the Hig\|h Priest to lay all his wishes before him. The High Priest then ventured to ask that the grea\|t monarch might extend his permission regarding the exercise of the religious rites by his Je\|wish subjects to all other parts of his wide dominions, such as Babylon and Media, and this w\|as also cheerfully granted by the great Alexander. At the express wish of the Macedonian warr\|ior, a large number of the most valiant of the Jewish community joined his army, and he gav\|e them permission to follow their religious observances in the camp. As a further favour, Ale\|xander requested that his likeness might be framed and placed in the Temple. It was pointed o\|ut to him that the Jews were strictly forbidden to have pictures and likenesses of anything w\|hatever in their places of worship, and, in lieu of this, it was suggested (1) that all mal\|e children born in that year throughout Jerusalem should be named Alexander, and (2) that th\|e Jews should adopt a new era called the Alexander Era. That era was to commence with Octobe\|r 1 of the year 312 before the Christian era. This suggestion met with Alexander's approval\|, and up to the eleventh century of the Christian era this method of reckoning the years wa\|s actually in force, and was known as the Era of Documents. 1\|With Alexander's entry into Jerusalem began a very\|p. 15\|considerable improvement in the condition of the Jews. 1 The Samaritans used every subterfug\|e in order to be recognized as Jews by the Macedonian hero, so that they might enjoy the priv\|ileges and advantages bestowed on the latter, but they failed to convince Alexander, who reme\|mbered their efforts to prejudice him against the Jews, that they were of the same people. 'I\|f you are indeed Jews,' he asked, 'how is it that you are not known by that name?' 'We are,\|' they insisted, 'descendants of the Patriarch Jacob, and Israel's God is our God; but the Si\|domites call us Samaritans, and we are also known to them by the name of Shechemites, after o\|ur capital Shechem.'\|Alexander was not satisfied with their answer, and told them that he could not recognize the\|m as Jews, and to the Jews alone he had granted the privileges which the Samaritans sought t\|o obtain. He asked them to leave the matter in abeyance till his return from the long journe\|y he was about to undertake, and on his return he would thoroughly investigate their claim, a\|nd then see that justice was done to them. The Samaritans were dissatisfied with Alexander'\|s treatment of them, and they rebelled and burned the Governor Andromachus in his own palace\|. Alexander's anger at this was very great; he returned, put to death the leaders, exiled a n\|umber of Samaritans to Egypt, where they formed a colony in Thebais, and handed a large numbe\|r of them over to the Jews as slaves, as a reward for their tried loyalty.\|Alexander of Macedonia, be it remembered, was by no means a mere uncouth warrior whose knowle\|dge did not extend beyond the narrow compass of the battlefield, for the vast dominion of ar\|t and science was an open book to him. From his thirteenth to his eighteenth\|p. 16\|year he was a pupil of Aristotle, who guided him through all branches of wisdom and knowledge\|, and inspired in him a love for Homer's works, which in fact he always carried with him. A\|s a consequence, he naturally had a longing for intercourse with the educated and learned me\|n of every place which he visited. Arrived in the South, his first step was to have the men d\|istinguished for their wisdom brought before him. To them he put the following ten questions\|: (1) Which is the longer distance--from the earth to the skies, or from the east of the worl\|d to the west? Answer: The last-mentioned is the longer, because if the sun stands in the Eas\|t or in the West, then he is perceived in the half of each sphere; but if he is in the centr\|e of the sky, then he is not visible everywhere. Consequently he must be higher in the forme\|r case than in the latter. (2) Which was created first--the heavens or the earth? Answer: Th\|e Almighty clearly commenced His work with the heavens, for is it not said, 'In the beginnin\|g God created the heavens and the earth'? (3) Who is truly wise? Answer: He who can foresee t\|he result of his acts is truly a wise man. (4) Who is truly strong? Answer: Strength is in th\|e possession of him who can overcome his passions. (5) Who can be considered truly rich? Answ\|er: Truly rich is he who possesses contentment. (6) How can man acquire true life? Answer: Tr\|ue life can be obtained by deadening one's passions. (7) What hastens man's death? Answer: In\|dulgence in earthly pleasures. (8) How can man obtain the love of his fellow-men? Answer: B\|y not seeking supremacy over them. Alexander felt himself hit by this answer, and said, 'I a\|m not of your opinion in this respect. My idea is that, in order to obtain the love of one'\|s fellow-man, one must acquire might and power, and use them with discretion.' (9) Which is t\|he more agreeable abode--on land or water? Answer: Surely on land, because seafaring men ar\|e not happy and contented\|p. 17\|till they reach land. (10) Who amongst you is considered the wisest? Answer: In this respec\|t we are unable to give any one the preference, as you may have observed that our answers wer\|e unanimous and simultaneous.\|Alexander proceeded in argument with the wise men. 'Why,' he asked, 'are you so averse to hea\|thenism, seeing that the heathens greatly outnumber you?' To which he received the reply tha\|t it is just the multitude, the masses, who are apt to lose sight of truth, and it is only gi\|ven to a comparative few to perceive and understand pure truth. 'But,' he continued, 'it is i\|n my power to destroy the whole of you.' 'No doubt,' was the answer, 'you possess the power t\|o do so, but we are not apprehensive on that point, having once received the promise of you\|r protection.' He then consulted them concerning his projected journey to Africa. The wise me\|n answered, 'That you cannot reach, as it lies beyond the dark mountains, which no human foo\|t can traverse.' The king seemed to be piqued by this, and said, 'I do not ask you whethe\|r I shall or can traverse those mountains. My mind is made up, and there is no resistance t\|o my will. What I want to know is the best means known to man for undertaking this formidabl\|e expedition.' The wise men advised him to the best of their knowledge. Part of their advic\|e was to procure certain draught animals from Libya, which possess the faculty of seeing thei\|r way in darkness. The king, having adopted all the necessary measures, started for Africa. H\|e arrived at a place called the land of Amazon, whose inhabitants consisted only of women, t\|o whom he sent a declaration of war. The women sent a message to him that a war with them cou\|ld only be an inglorious one, inasmuch as if he were victorious a victory over women could no\|t bring him either fame or honour; whereas if they should be victorious, that would surely br\|ing disgrace upon him.\|p. 18\|The king saw the wisdom of their argument, and gave up the idea of war, but bade them suppl\|y him with bread. The women brought him lumps of gold in the shape of loaves of bread. The ki\|ng said in amazement 'Do you use this metal as bread?' They answered 'You surely have not com\|e all this distance merely for bread; is there no bread in your own country?'\|Alexander took his departure thence, but, before starting, he wrote on the gate of the city\|: 'I, Alexander of Macedonia, was a simpleton until I arrived at this gate, where I learnt wi\|sdom from women.' He next arrived at Katzia, where also he was met with presents of gold. '\|I want no gold of yours,' said Alexander to the chief. 'And to what other purpose have you co\|me all this great distance?' was the answer, given in the shape of a question. 'I have come,\|' said Alexander, 'to become acquainted with your manners and customs, especially with your a\|dministration of justice.'\|A remarkable case of litigation happened to be in progress in the place at this time. A man w\|ho had bought a house of another found in its precincts a treasure-trove, which he took bac\|k to the seller, saying: 'This is yours; I bought the house only, and not what may be found i\|n it.' The other, in refusing to accept the proffered treasure, argued that he sold the house\|, and the buyer was the rightful owner of all that might be found in it. The judge gave his d\|ecision that the son of the purchaser of the house should marry the daughter of the seller, a\|nd the young couple should receive the treasure as a dowry. As Alexander expressed his wonde\|r at and approval of the wise verdict, he was asked by the judge how a similar suit would b\|e decided in his own country. 'In my country,' replied Alexander, 'the treasure would be take\|n by the Crown, and both parties would be deterred by the threat of death from laying any cla\|im to it.' 'How,' said the judge, 'have you also rain and sunshine in your\|p. 19\|country?' 'Surely,' replied Alexander. 'And you possess also animals and fowls?' 'Why not?' a\|sked the Macedonian. 'Then,' remarked the judge, I must suppose that the purpose of the rai\|n and sunshine in your land is to sustain those harmless creatures; for you, the human inhabi\|tants, judging by your perverseness and injustice, are unworthy of such blessed gifts of natu\|re.'\|One day they arrived at a river, and as his servants were washing off the salt of the fish, w\|hich they carried with them for their august master, in the water of the river, they saw tha\|t life was returning to the fishes. When the marvellous event was reported to Alexander, he d\|etermined to find the source of that river. He pursued his way, and at last found a gate, whe\|re he demanded admittance. The answer he received to his demand was: 'This is the gate of th\|e Lord; the righteous shall enter therein,' and he concluded that it must be the gate of Para\|dise. As all his pleadings did not gain him admittance, he asked for some article from the pl\|ace as a token of his having arrived there. A lump of gold in the shape of a human eye was ha\|nded out to him, and on putting it in the scales to ascertain its remarkable weight, he foun\|d that whatever weight he might put on the opposite scale, it would not turn the scale on whi\|ch the golden eye was put. As soon as he met with the Rabbis again, he asked them to unriddl\|e this remarkable thing. The Rabbis told him to put a little earth over the eye, and its weig\|ht would vanish. They explained that the eye was a perfect type of the human eye, which, as t\|he wise king tells us (Prov. 27.), is never satisfied, until a little earth is put over it (i\|n death), and its everlasting hunger ceases. 1\|p. 20\|Alexander returned home from his great adventures through the wilderness and went to Egypt, w\|here he built the city of Alexandria. He was anxious for the Jews, whom he held in high estee\|m for their bravery and loyalty, to be among the settlers of the great city. Once, some Afric\|an tribe and some descendants of Ishmael laid complaints before him against the Jews. The Afr\|icans claimed the possession of Palestine, basing their claim on Numbers 34. 2 and on their b\|eing descendants of Canaan; they maintained that they had an undisputed right to the countr\|y of their ancestor. The sons of Ishmael, too, put in a claim to the possession of at leas\|t a portion of Palestine, as the land was promised to their grandfather Abraham (Gen. 25. 13)\|. And so the Egyptians bethought themselves of their claim against the Jews, and referred als\|o to a Scriptural passage (Exod. 12. 36).\|Alexander had the elders of the Jews summoned to him, and mentioned the claims of the respect\|ive parties against them. The Jews selected one named Gebeha, son of Psisa, as their defender\|. He faced the plaintiffs, and said: 'You have each based your claims on Scripture; I, too, w\|ill plead against you out of the books of Moses, our lawgiver. Regarding the Canaanites, we h\|ave it in Genesis 9. 25 that Canaan was cursed and was made a slave to his brothers. A slav\|e can possess no property of his own. As to the demand of the Ishmaelites, we have it also o\|n the same authority (Gen. 25. 5) that Abraham presented Isaac with all his possessions, an\|d to the children of his concubines he made presents and sent them away from his son Isaac.\|'Against the claims of the Egyptians, we have a huge counterclaim. The second book of Moses m\|entions the\|p. 21\|time of the Jewish compulsory servitude in Egypt as 430 years. We are fully prepared to resto\|re the value of what we carried away from Egypt, if the Egyptians will pay us the wages of 60\|0,000 men, whom they compelled to work for them for the period mentioned.'\|Alexander demanded a reply on the part of the three claimants against the Jewish arguments, w\|ithin three days, if they did not wish to be punished for making fictitious claims.\|Nothing more was heard of the claims. 1 The Jews rose in Alexander's esteem daily, and he gav\|e them the most beautiful part of the city, on the banks of the river, as their quarter, an\|d granted them the full rights of citizenship. The Jewish community increased greatly in weal\|th and numbers. A year later, at the battle of Arbela, a town in Chaldea, Alexander entirel\|y annihilated the Persian empire. After more wars and conquests, he died suddenly at the ag\|e of thirty-three. His death was brought about as much by revelry as by his many cares and bo\|dily exhaustion. Some of his generals contended for his throne; he was left unburied for som\|e time, and eventually no royal burial was his portion. The Macedonian monarchy was divided a\|mongst four of his generals.--Midr. Rabba Gen. 33; Lev. 27. and Tanchuma Emmor, etc.\|\|Footnotes\|14:1 See Rapoport's Erech Millin, page 73.\|15:1 There is a difference in the dates mentioned in the Talmud. In Taanis it i\|s stated as the 21st Kislev, and in Yoma 69 as the 28th of Tebeth.\|19:1 This allegory was conspicuously applicable to Alexander's career and charact\|er. However extensive were his conquests, he longed for more and was never satisfied, not eve\|r after the p. 20 plundering of Asia, not after receiving, in consequence of his great conque\|sts, the appellation of 'the great.' But with his death, his and his country's greatness ceas\|ed, the monstrous possessions were cut up, and none of his kin ascended the throne.\|21:1 Different dates are given for the above event. In Sanhed 91. it is given a\|s the 24th of Nisson, and in Taanis as the 25th of Sivon.\|\|Next: Demons \|(http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/tmm/tmm03.htm) deat: 10 Jun 0323 BC
		Associates of King Alexander III of Philip II
		birt: ABT 0356 BC plac: Macedon deat: DECEASED
				Oxanthres of Darius II of Artaxerxes I\|Prince\|Prince of Persia
				birt: ABT 0450 BC plac: Sogdia deat: DECEASED
			Roxanna (Roxane) (Roxana), daughter of Oxathres of Darius II\|Princess
			birt: ABT 0400 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
	Darius III Codomannus of Arsames of Ostanes\|King
	birt: ABT 0380 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|Neh 12:22\|The Levites in the days of Eliashib, Joiada, and Johanan, and Jaddua, [were] recorded chief o\|f the fathers: also the priests, to the reign of Darius the Persian. deat: 0332 BC
Associates of King Darius III of Arsames
birt: ABT 0380 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0322 BC
	Stateira I, daughter of Arsames of Ostanes
	birt: ABT 0380 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED

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Eliakim of Levi|Wall Builder


				Associates of King Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I
				birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0424 BC
			Nehemiah (Nechemia) ben Hachaliah\|Prophet
			birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Tirshatha\|\|Nehemiah 10:1-28\|NOW those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,\|\|Ezra 2:2\|These came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, B\|igvai, Rehum and Baanah. The number of the men of the people of Israel: deat: DECEASED
		Associates of Prophet Nehemiah ben Hachaliah
		birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Tirshatha deat: DECEASED
	Wall builders at the time of Nehemiah ben Hachaliah
	birt: deat: DECEASED
Eliakim of Levi\|Wall Builder
birt: deat: DECEASED

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Andia (Andria), daughter of Nebuchadnezzar III of Nebuchadnezzar II

< Parysatis, daughter of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I\|Parysatis of Persia birt: ABT 0475 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED marr: < Bagapaios of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I birt: ABT 0475 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED Associates of (Andria) Andia of Nebuchadnezzar III birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Babylon deat: DECEASED
					Zedekiah (Mattaniah) ben Josiah II ben Amon\|King\|King of Judah (598 BC)
					birt: ABT 0625 BC plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel\|\|Matt 1:11\|And Josias begat Jechonias and his brethren, about the time they were carried away to Babylon\|:\|\|Jeremiah 1:3\|Lived in the days of Jeremiah.\|\|1 Chr 3:15\|And the sons of Josiah were, the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah\|, the fourth Shallum.\|\|2Ki 24:17 -\|And the king of Babylon made Mattaniah his father's brother king in his stead, and changed hi\|s name to Zedekiah.\|\|2 Kings 24:18\|Zedekiah was twenty and one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years i\|n Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.\|\|1 Chr 3:16\|And the sons of Jehoiakim: Jeconiah his son, Zedekiah his son. deat: ABT 0586 BC plac: Babylon, Babylonia
				Associates of King Zedekiah ben Josiah
				birt: ABT 0625 BC plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel deat: DECEASED
			Nebuchadnezzar II (Nabuchadrezzer) (Nabu-Na'id) (Nabu-Kudurri Usur) (Nabu-Kudurri-User) (Nidintu-Bel) of Nabopolassar\|King\|(Nabonidus) (Labynetus I) (Nabonedochos) (Nabonnidechus) (Nabunaita)
			birt: 0630 BC plac: Babylon deat: 0539 BC
		Nebuchadnezzar III of Nebuchadnezzar II of Nabopolassar\|King
		birt: ABT 0585 BC plac: Babylon deat: DECEASED
	Andia (Andria), daughter of Nebuchadnezzar III of Nebuchadnezzar II
	birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Babylon deat: DECEASED Artaxerxes I (Longimanus) (Makrocheir) (Artakhshassa) of Xerxes I of Darius I\|King\|King of Persia marr: Concubine birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|\|Artaxerxes by Plutarch\|ARTAXERXES\|437-359 B.C.\|by Plutarch\|translated by John Dryden\|\|ARTAXERXES -\|THE first Artaxerxes, among all the kings of Persia the most remarkable for a gentle and nobl\|e spirit, was surnamed the Long-handed, his right hand being longer than his left, and was th\|e son of Xerxes. The second, whose story I am now writing, who had the surname of the Mindful\|, was the grandson of the former, by his daughter Parysatis, who brought Darius four sons, th\|e eldest Artaxerxes, the next Cyrus, and two younger than these, Ostanes and Oxathres. Cyru\|s took his name of the ancient Cyrus, as he, they say, had his from the sun, which, in the Pe\|rsian language, is called Cyrus. Artaxerxes was at first called Arsicas; Dinon says Oarses; b\|ut it is utterly improbable that Ctesias (however otherwise he may have filled his books wit\|h a perfect farrago of incredible and senseless fables) should be ignorant of the name of th\|e king with whom he lived as his physician, attending upon himself, his wife, his mother, an\|d his children.\|\|Cyrus, from his earliest youth, showed something of a headstrong and vehement character; Arta\|xerxes, on the other side, was gentler in everything, and of a nature more yielding and sof\|t in its action. He married a beautiful and virtuous wife, at the desire of his parents, bu\|t kept her as expressly against their wishes.\|...[MUCH MORE]\|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Artaxerxes/) deat: 0424 BC plac: Persia (Iran) Ruled 0464 - 0424 BC

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Oxanthres of Darius II of Artaxerxes I|Prince|Prince of Persia

< Roxanna (Roxane) (Roxana), daughter of Oxathres of Darius II\|Princess birt: ABT 0400 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED Associates of Prince Oxanthres of Darius II birt: ABT 0450 BC deat: DECEASED AKA Prince (Oxanthres) Oxyartes of Darius II birt: ABT 0450 BC deat: DECEASED
					List of Kings
					birt: deat:
				Pharaonic Rulers of Egypt
				birt: 2920 BC plac: Egypt deat: 0332 BC
			Twenty-seventh Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt
			birt: 0525 BC plac: Egypt deat: 0404 BC
		Darius II Nothos (Ochos) (Darayavahush) (Ochus) of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I\|King\|Darius Nothus (Darius the Bastard)\|King of Persia
		birt: 0475 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|Darius is the Latin form of Dareios, the Greek for of a Persian name, Darayavahash, which mea\|nt roughly "To be Rich" from "daraymiy" (to hold) and "vahu" (well); Italian: Dario; Spanish\|: Dario.\|Royalty:\|Darius I the Great (584 BC-486 BC) -- King of Persia.\|Darius II Ochus (?-404 BC) -- King of Persia.\|Darius III Codommanus (?-330 BC) -- King of Persia. Last king of the Achaemenid dynasty. Defe\|ated by Alexander the Great. deat: 0404 BC plac: Babylon (Iraq) Ruled 0424 - 0404 BC\|0336 BC marr:
	Oxanthres of Darius II of Artaxerxes I\|Prince\|Prince of Persia
	birt: ABT 0450 BC plac: Sogdia deat: DECEASED
					Nehemiah (Nechemia) ben Hachaliah\|Prophet
					birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Tirshatha\|\|Nehemiah 10:1-28\|NOW those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,\|\|Ezra 2:2\|These came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, B\|igvai, Rehum and Baanah. The number of the men of the people of Israel: deat: DECEASED
				Associates of Prophet Nehemiah ben Hachaliah
				birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Tirshatha deat: DECEASED
			Artaxerxes I (Longimanus) (Makrocheir) (Artakhshassa) of Xerxes I of Darius I\|King\|King of Persia
			birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|\|Artaxerxes by Plutarch\|ARTAXERXES\|437-359 B.C.\|by Plutarch\|translated by John Dryden\|\|ARTAXERXES -\|THE first Artaxerxes, among all the kings of Persia the most remarkable for a gentle and nobl\|e spirit, was surnamed the Long-handed, his right hand being longer than his left, and was th\|e son of Xerxes. The second, whose story I am now writing, who had the surname of the Mindful\|, was the grandson of the former, by his daughter Parysatis, who brought Darius four sons, th\|e eldest Artaxerxes, the next Cyrus, and two younger than these, Ostanes and Oxathres. Cyru\|s took his name of the ancient Cyrus, as he, they say, had his from the sun, which, in the Pe\|rsian language, is called Cyrus. Artaxerxes was at first called Arsicas; Dinon says Oarses; b\|ut it is utterly improbable that Ctesias (however otherwise he may have filled his books wit\|h a perfect farrago of incredible and senseless fables) should be ignorant of the name of th\|e king with whom he lived as his physician, attending upon himself, his wife, his mother, an\|d his children.\|\|Cyrus, from his earliest youth, showed something of a headstrong and vehement character; Arta\|xerxes, on the other side, was gentler in everything, and of a nature more yielding and sof\|t in its action. He married a beautiful and virtuous wife, at the desire of his parents, bu\|t kept her as expressly against their wishes.\|...[MUCH MORE]\|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Artaxerxes/) deat: 0424 BC plac: Persia (Iran) Ruled 0464 - 0424 BC marr: marr: Concubine marr:
		Parysatis, daughter of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I\|Parysatis of Persia
		birt: ABT 0475 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED marr:
					Nebuchadnezzar II (Nabuchadrezzer) (Nabu-Na'id) (Nabu-Kudurri Usur) (Nabu-Kudurri-User) (Nidintu-Bel) of Nabopolassar\|King\|(Nabonidus) (Labynetus I) (Nabonedochos) (Nabonnidechus) (Nabunaita)
					birt: 0630 BC plac: Babylon deat: 0539 BC
				Nebuchadnezzar III of Nebuchadnezzar II of Nabopolassar\|King
				birt: ABT 0585 BC plac: Babylon deat: DECEASED
			Andia (Andria), daughter of Nebuchadnezzar III of Nebuchadnezzar II
			birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Babylon deat: DECEASED marr: Concubine

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Hystaspes II (Hytaspes) of Darius I of Hystaspes I|Satrap of Bactria

AKA (Hystaspes II) Hytaspes II of Darius I birt: ABT 0525 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED Associates of Hystaspes II of Darius I birt: ABT 0525 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
					Prophetic Contemporaries of Jeremiah ben Hilkiah
					birt: Anatoth, Benjamin, Judea, Southern Israel deat: DECEASED
				Daniel (Belteshazzar) of Judah ben Jacob\|Prophet
				birt: ABT 0620 BC plac: Daniel 1:6\|Now among these were of the children of Judah, Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah: Unto w\|hom the prince of the eunuchs gave names: for he gave unto Daniel the name of Belteshazzar; a\|nd to Hananiah, of Shadrach; and to Mishael, of Meshach; and to Azariah, of Abed-nego.\|CHAPTER XXXII4. p. 69\|OF THE DEATH OF THE PROPHETS; HOW THEY DlED, AND (WHERE) EACH ONE OF THEM WAS BURIED5.\|\|Habakkuk (was) of the tribe of Simeon, and from the land of Sûâr (Zoar)3. This (prophet) p\|rophesied concerning the Messiah, that He should come, and abrogate the laws of the Jews. H\|e brought food to Daniel at Babylon by the divine (or, angelic) agency. The Jews stoned him i\|n Jerusalem.\|\|3 Epiphanius, ἐξ ἀγρου̑ Βηθοχήρ {Greek: eks agrou Bhðoxhr}. A variant has Βιδζεχάρ {Greek\|: Bidzexár}.\|\|(http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bb/bb32.htm) deat: DECEASED plac: CHAPTER XXXII4. p. 69\|OF THE DEATH OF THE PROPHETS; HOW THEY DlED, AND (WHERE) EACH ONE OF THEM WAS BURIED5.\|\|Daniel (was) of the tribe of Judah, and was born in Upper Beth-Horon. He was a man who kep\|t himself from women, and hence the Jews thought that he was an eunuch, for his face was diff\|erent (from that of other men), and he had no children. He prayed for the Babylonians, and di\|ed in Elam, in the city of the Hôzâyê1, and was buried in Shôshan the fortress. He prophesie\|d concerning the return of the people.\|\|1 In Arabic al-Ahwâz, now Khûzistân.\|(http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bb/bb32.htm)
			Associates of Prophet Daniel of Judah
			birt: deat: DECEASED
		Darius I (Setutre) (Darayavahush) of Hystaspes I of Arsames\|King and General\|Darius the Mede, King of Chaldea, (Darius I (521-485 BC))
		birt: 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|Darius is the Latin form of Dareios, the Greek for of a Persian name, Darayavahash, which mea\|nt roughly "To be Rich" from "daraymiy" (to hold) and "vahu" (well); Italian: Dario; Spanish\|: Dario.\|Royalty:\|Darius I the Great (584 BC-486 BC) -- King of Persia.\|Darius II Ochus (?-404 BC) -- King of Persia.\|Darius III Codommanus (?-330 BC) -- King of Persia. Last king of the Achaemenid dynasty. Defe\|ated by Alexander the Great. deat: 0486 BC plac: Parthia, Iran Ruled 0521 - 0486 BC marr: marr:
	Hystaspes II (Hytaspes) of Darius I of Hystaspes I\|Satrap of Bactria
	birt: ABT 0525 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|\|Darius and Atossa had four sons: Xerxes, Masistes, Achaemenes, and Hystaspes.\|\|Hystaspes became satrap of Bactria, one of the most important parts of the Persian empire.\| deat: DECEASED
			Cyrus II (Kurush) (Kuruš) (Kores) of Cambyses I of Cyrus I\|King\|Cyrus the Great\|King of Persia (538 BC-530 BC)
			birt: 0585 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0530 BC/529 BC plac: Asia marr:
		Atossa (Hutaosâ), daughter of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|Princess\|Princess of Persia
		birt: 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED

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Hystaspes III of Xerxes I of Darius I

AKA Hystaspes III Hytaspes III of Xerxes I\|Hytaspes III of Xerxes I birt: ABT 0475 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED Associates of Hystaspes III of Xerxes I birt: ABT 0475 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
					Associates of King Xerxes I of Darius I
					birt: 0519 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED plac: Persepolis
				Confusion of Angels
				birt: deat: DECEASED
			Associates of the Confusion of Angels
			birt: deat: DECEASED
		Xerxes I (Ahasuerus) (Khshayarsha) of Darius I of Hystaspes I\|King\|King of Persia
		birt: 0519 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|Es 1:1 -\|Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus, (this is Ahasuerus which reigned, from India ev\|en unto Ethiopia, over an hundred and seven and twenty provinces:) deat: 0466 BC plac: Persepolis Ruled 0486 - 0465 BC
	Hystaspes III of Xerxes I of Darius I
	birt: ABT 0475 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
			Otanes (Utâna) of Pharnaspes
			birt: ABT 0540 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED marr:
		Amestris, daughter of Otanes of Pharnaspes
		birt: ABT 0520 BC deat: DECEASED
					Cambyses II (Kambujiya) (Arshama) of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|King\|King Cambyses II (530-522 BC)
					birt: 0588 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|\|The name of Cambyse II's mother is not known. The Greek researcher Herodotus of Halicarnassu\|s calls her Cassandane, but Ctesias of Cnidus states she was Amytis, the daughter of the las\|t king of independent Media, Astyages.\|\|550 BC deat: 0522 BC plac: Egypt Ruled 0525 - 0521 BC\|518/517 BC marr: marr:
				Associates of King Cambyses II of Cyrus II
				birt: ABT 0588 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0522 BC
					Atossa (Hutaosâ), daughter of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|Princess\|Princess of Persia
					birt: 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
			(Daughter) of Hystaspes I of Arsames
			birt: ABT 0540 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED marr:

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IN BACTRIA; d. 464 BC

Apries (Ha'a'ib) (Wa.hib) of Psammetichus II of Necho II|Pharaoh|King of Egypt

< Neithyti (Neithiyti) (Nitetis), daughter of Apries of Psamtik II\|Neithyti of Egypt birt: 0580 BC/0570 plac: Egypt deat: DECEASED marr:
					List of Kings
					birt: deat:
				Pharaonic Rulers of Egypt
				birt: 2920 BC plac: Egypt deat: 0332 BC
			Twenty-sixth Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt
			birt: 0664 BC plac: Egypt deat: 0525 BC plac: Egypt Ruled 0672 - 0525 BC
		Psammetichus II (Neferibra) (Psamtik II) (Psamtek) of Necho II of Psammetichus I\|King\|Nefer.ib.re' Psamtek of Necho (II)
		birt: 0625 BC plac: Egypt deat: 0595 BC plac: Egypt Ruled 0595 - 0589 BC\|Other sources list death date of 589 BC marr:
	Apries (Ha'a'ib) (Wa.hib) of Psammetichus II of Necho II\|Pharaoh\|King of Egypt
	birt: 0595 BC plac: Egypt deat: 0567 BC

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OR "UAHIBRE""UAPHRIS""APRIES""HOPHRA"; PER-'O 589-570 BC; DEFEATED THE PHOENICIANS IN A GREA T SEA BATTLE; WENT TO THE RESCUE OF JERUSALEM ca. 588 BC (MENTIONED IN JERMEMIAH 44:30) . Also spelled OUAPHRIS, Egyptian HAAIBRA WAHIBRA, Hebrew HOPHRA, fourth king (reigned 589-57 0 BC) of the 26th dynasty of Egypt. The Palestinian nations were still impatient of the yoke, and Egypt, under Necho’s successo r Apries (Pharaoh Hophra, Jer. 44: 30), was still ready with offers of help. But Nebuchadnezz ar’s hand was too strong.

Alogune (concubine of Artaxerxes I)

< Sekyndianos (Sogdianus) (Sogdianos) (Sugdyana) of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I birt: ABT 0475 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0423 BC plac: Persia (Iran) Ruled 0424 - 0423 BC
			Alogune (concubine of Artaxerxes I)
			birt: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED Artaxerxes I (Longimanus) (Makrocheir) (Artakhshassa) of Xerxes I of Darius I\|King\|King of Persia marr: birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|\|Artaxerxes by Plutarch\|ARTAXERXES\|437-359 B.C.\|by Plutarch\|translated by John Dryden\|\|ARTAXERXES -\|THE first Artaxerxes, among all the kings of Persia the most remarkable for a gentle and nobl\|e spirit, was surnamed the Long-handed, his right hand being longer than his left, and was th\|e son of Xerxes. The second, whose story I am now writing, who had the surname of the Mindful\|, was the grandson of the former, by his daughter Parysatis, who brought Darius four sons, th\|e eldest Artaxerxes, the next Cyrus, and two younger than these, Ostanes and Oxathres. Cyru\|s took his name of the ancient Cyrus, as he, they say, had his from the sun, which, in the Pe\|rsian language, is called Cyrus. Artaxerxes was at first called Arsicas; Dinon says Oarses; b\|ut it is utterly improbable that Ctesias (however otherwise he may have filled his books wit\|h a perfect farrago of incredible and senseless fables) should be ignorant of the name of th\|e king with whom he lived as his physician, attending upon himself, his wife, his mother, an\|d his children.\|\|Cyrus, from his earliest youth, showed something of a headstrong and vehement character; Arta\|xerxes, on the other side, was gentler in everything, and of a nature more yielding and sof\|t in its action. He married a beautiful and virtuous wife, at the desire of his parents, bu\|t kept her as expressly against their wishes.\|...[MUCH MORE]\|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Artaxerxes/) deat: 0424 BC plac: Persia (Iran) Ruled 0464 - 0424 BC

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Artystone (Irtašduna), daughter of Cyrus II of Cambyses I|Princess

< Artozostre, daughter of Darius I of Hystaspes\|Princess birt: ABT 0525 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED < Gobryas of Darius I of Hystaspes\|Prince birt: ABT 0525 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED < Arsames of Darius I of Hystaspes\|Prince birt: ABT 0525 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED Associates of Princess Artystone of Cyrus II birt: ABT 0535 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
		Cyrus II (Kurush) (Kuruš) (Kores) of Cambyses I of Cyrus I\|King\|Cyrus the Great\|King of Persia (538 BC-530 BC)
		birt: 0585 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0530 BC/529 BC plac: Asia marr:
	Artystone (Irtašduna), daughter of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|Princess
	birt: 0535 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED Darius I (Setutre) (Darayavahush) of Hystaspes I of Arsames\|King and General\|Darius the Mede, King of Chaldea, (Darius I (521-485 BC)) marr: birt: 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|Darius is the Latin form of Dareios, the Greek for of a Persian name, Darayavahash, which mea\|nt roughly "To be Rich" from "daraymiy" (to hold) and "vahu" (well); Italian: Dario; Spanish\|: Dario.\|Royalty:\|Darius I the Great (584 BC-486 BC) -- King of Persia.\|Darius II Ochus (?-404 BC) -- King of Persia.\|Darius III Codommanus (?-330 BC) -- King of Persia. Last king of the Achaemenid dynasty. Defe\|ated by Alexander the Great. deat: 0486 BC plac: Parthia, Iran Ruled 0521 - 0486 BC

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Bagapaios of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I

Associates of Bagapaios of Artaxerxes I birt: deat: DECEASED
					Associates of King Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I
					birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0424 BC
				Nehemiah (Nechemia) ben Hachaliah\|Prophet
				birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Tirshatha\|\|Nehemiah 10:1-28\|NOW those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,\|\|Ezra 2:2\|These came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, B\|igvai, Rehum and Baanah. The number of the men of the people of Israel: deat: DECEASED
			Associates of Prophet Nehemiah ben Hachaliah
			birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Tirshatha deat: DECEASED
		Artaxerxes I (Longimanus) (Makrocheir) (Artakhshassa) of Xerxes I of Darius I\|King\|King of Persia
		birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|\|Artaxerxes by Plutarch\|ARTAXERXES\|437-359 B.C.\|by Plutarch\|translated by John Dryden\|\|ARTAXERXES -\|THE first Artaxerxes, among all the kings of Persia the most remarkable for a gentle and nobl\|e spirit, was surnamed the Long-handed, his right hand being longer than his left, and was th\|e son of Xerxes. The second, whose story I am now writing, who had the surname of the Mindful\|, was the grandson of the former, by his daughter Parysatis, who brought Darius four sons, th\|e eldest Artaxerxes, the next Cyrus, and two younger than these, Ostanes and Oxathres. Cyru\|s took his name of the ancient Cyrus, as he, they say, had his from the sun, which, in the Pe\|rsian language, is called Cyrus. Artaxerxes was at first called Arsicas; Dinon says Oarses; b\|ut it is utterly improbable that Ctesias (however otherwise he may have filled his books wit\|h a perfect farrago of incredible and senseless fables) should be ignorant of the name of th\|e king with whom he lived as his physician, attending upon himself, his wife, his mother, an\|d his children.\|\|Cyrus, from his earliest youth, showed something of a headstrong and vehement character; Arta\|xerxes, on the other side, was gentler in everything, and of a nature more yielding and sof\|t in its action. He married a beautiful and virtuous wife, at the desire of his parents, bu\|t kept her as expressly against their wishes.\|...[MUCH MORE]\|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Artaxerxes/) deat: 0424 BC plac: Persia (Iran) Ruled 0464 - 0424 BC marr: marr: Concubine marr: marr:
	Bagapaios of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I
	birt: ABT 0475 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
					Associates of King Zedekiah ben Josiah
					birt: ABT 0625 BC plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel deat: DECEASED
				Nebuchadnezzar II (Nabuchadrezzer) (Nabu-Na'id) (Nabu-Kudurri Usur) (Nabu-Kudurri-User) (Nidintu-Bel) of Nabopolassar\|King\|(Nabonidus) (Labynetus I) (Nabonedochos) (Nabonnidechus) (Nabunaita)
				birt: 0630 BC plac: Babylon deat: 0539 BC
			Nebuchadnezzar III of Nebuchadnezzar II of Nabopolassar\|King
			birt: ABT 0585 BC plac: Babylon deat: DECEASED
		Andia (Andria), daughter of Nebuchadnezzar III of Nebuchadnezzar II
		birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Babylon deat: DECEASED marr: Concubine

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Amestris, daughter of Otanes of Pharnaspes

< Tithraustes of Xerxes I of Darius I birt: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED < Hystaspes III of Xerxes I of Darius I birt: ABT 0475 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED < Dareiaia, daughter of Xerxes I of Darius I birt: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED < Rhodogune (Rodogune), daughter of Xerxes I of Darius I birt: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED < Darius (Dareios) of Xerxes I of Darius I birt: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED < Artarios of Xerxes I of Darius I birt: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED AKA King (Xerxes I) Artaxerxes I of Darius I birt: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED < Artaxerxes I (Longimanus) (Makrocheir) (Artakhshassa) of Xerxes I of Darius I\|King\|King of Persia birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|\|Artaxerxes by Plutarch\|ARTAXERXES\|437-359 B.C.\|by Plutarch\|translated by John Dryden\|\|ARTAXERXES -\|THE first Artaxerxes, among all the kings of Persia the most remarkable for a gentle and nobl\|e spirit, was surnamed the Long-handed, his right hand being longer than his left, and was th\|e son of Xerxes. The second, whose story I am now writing, who had the surname of the Mindful\|, was the grandson of the former, by his daughter Parysatis, who brought Darius four sons, th\|e eldest Artaxerxes, the next Cyrus, and two younger than these, Ostanes and Oxathres. Cyru\|s took his name of the ancient Cyrus, as he, they say, had his from the sun, which, in the Pe\|rsian language, is called Cyrus. Artaxerxes was at first called Arsicas; Dinon says Oarses; b\|ut it is utterly improbable that Ctesias (however otherwise he may have filled his books wit\|h a perfect farrago of incredible and senseless fables) should be ignorant of the name of th\|e king with whom he lived as his physician, attending upon himself, his wife, his mother, an\|d his children.\|\|Cyrus, from his earliest youth, showed something of a headstrong and vehement character; Arta\|xerxes, on the other side, was gentler in everything, and of a nature more yielding and sof\|t in its action. He married a beautiful and virtuous wife, at the desire of his parents, bu\|t kept her as expressly against their wishes.\|...[MUCH MORE]\|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Artaxerxes/) deat: 0424 BC plac: Persia (Iran) Ruled 0464 - 0424 BC marr: marr: Concubine marr: marr: AKA King (Xerxes I) Xerxes the Great of Darius I birt: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED AKA King (Xerxes I) Achashverosh of Darius I birt: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED AKA King (Xerxes I) Ahasuerus of Darius I birt: 0519 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED < Associates of King Xerxes I of Darius I birt: 0519 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED plac: Persepolis Associates of Amestris of Otanes birt: deat: DECEASED
		Otanes (Utâna) of Pharnaspes
		birt: ABT 0540 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED marr:
	Amestris, daughter of Otanes of Pharnaspes
	birt: ABT 0520 BC deat: DECEASED Xerxes I (Ahasuerus) (Khshayarsha) of Darius I of Hystaspes I\|King\|King of Persia marr: birt: 0519 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|Es 1:1 -\|Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus, (this is Ahasuerus which reigned, from India ev\|en unto Ethiopia, over an hundred and seven and twenty provinces:) deat: 0466 BC plac: Persepolis Ruled 0486 - 0465 BC
					Associates of King Nebuchadnezzar II of Nabopolassar
					birt: ABT 0630 BC plac: Babylon deat: 0539 BC
				Cambyses II (Kambujiya) (Arshama) of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|King\|King Cambyses II (530-522 BC)
				birt: 0588 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|\|The name of Cambyse II's mother is not known. The Greek researcher Herodotus of Halicarnassu\|s calls her Cassandane, but Ctesias of Cnidus states she was Amytis, the daughter of the las\|t king of independent Media, Astyages.\|\|550 BC deat: 0522 BC plac: Egypt Ruled 0525 - 0521 BC\|518/517 BC marr: marr:
			Associates of King Cambyses II of Cyrus II
			birt: ABT 0588 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0522 BC
					Cyrus II (Kurush) (Kuruš) (Kores) of Cambyses I of Cyrus I\|King\|Cyrus the Great\|King of Persia (538 BC-530 BC)
					birt: 0585 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0530 BC/529 BC plac: Asia marr:
				Atossa (Hutaosâ), daughter of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|Princess\|Princess of Persia
				birt: 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
		(Daughter) of Hystaspes I of Arsames
		birt: ABT 0540 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED marr:

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Ariabignes of Darius I of Hystaspes

Associates of Ariabignes of Darius I birt: ABT 0525 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
					Prophetic Contemporaries of Jeremiah ben Hilkiah
					birt: Anatoth, Benjamin, Judea, Southern Israel deat: DECEASED
				Daniel (Belteshazzar) of Judah ben Jacob\|Prophet
				birt: ABT 0620 BC plac: Daniel 1:6\|Now among these were of the children of Judah, Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah: Unto w\|hom the prince of the eunuchs gave names: for he gave unto Daniel the name of Belteshazzar; a\|nd to Hananiah, of Shadrach; and to Mishael, of Meshach; and to Azariah, of Abed-nego.\|CHAPTER XXXII4. p. 69\|OF THE DEATH OF THE PROPHETS; HOW THEY DlED, AND (WHERE) EACH ONE OF THEM WAS BURIED5.\|\|Habakkuk (was) of the tribe of Simeon, and from the land of Sûâr (Zoar)3. This (prophet) p\|rophesied concerning the Messiah, that He should come, and abrogate the laws of the Jews. H\|e brought food to Daniel at Babylon by the divine (or, angelic) agency. The Jews stoned him i\|n Jerusalem.\|\|3 Epiphanius, ἐξ ἀγρου̑ Βηθοχήρ {Greek: eks agrou Bhðoxhr}. A variant has Βιδζεχάρ {Greek\|: Bidzexár}.\|\|(http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bb/bb32.htm) deat: DECEASED plac: CHAPTER XXXII4. p. 69\|OF THE DEATH OF THE PROPHETS; HOW THEY DlED, AND (WHERE) EACH ONE OF THEM WAS BURIED5.\|\|Daniel (was) of the tribe of Judah, and was born in Upper Beth-Horon. He was a man who kep\|t himself from women, and hence the Jews thought that he was an eunuch, for his face was diff\|erent (from that of other men), and he had no children. He prayed for the Babylonians, and di\|ed in Elam, in the city of the Hôzâyê1, and was buried in Shôshan the fortress. He prophesie\|d concerning the return of the people.\|\|1 In Arabic al-Ahwâz, now Khûzistân.\|(http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bb/bb32.htm)
			Associates of Prophet Daniel of Judah
			birt: deat: DECEASED
		Darius I (Setutre) (Darayavahush) of Hystaspes I of Arsames\|King and General\|Darius the Mede, King of Chaldea, (Darius I (521-485 BC))
		birt: 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|Darius is the Latin form of Dareios, the Greek for of a Persian name, Darayavahash, which mea\|nt roughly "To be Rich" from "daraymiy" (to hold) and "vahu" (well); Italian: Dario; Spanish\|: Dario.\|Royalty:\|Darius I the Great (584 BC-486 BC) -- King of Persia.\|Darius II Ochus (?-404 BC) -- King of Persia.\|Darius III Codommanus (?-330 BC) -- King of Persia. Last king of the Achaemenid dynasty. Defe\|ated by Alexander the Great. deat: 0486 BC plac: Parthia, Iran Ruled 0521 - 0486 BC marr: marr: marr:
	Ariabignes of Darius I of Hystaspes
	birt: ABT 0525 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
		Amita (Wife of Darius I)
		birt: deat: DECEASED

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Masistes (Ariamenes) of Darius I of Hystaspes I

Associates of Masistes of Darius I birt: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
					Prophetic Contemporaries of Jeremiah ben Hilkiah
					birt: Anatoth, Benjamin, Judea, Southern Israel deat: DECEASED
				Daniel (Belteshazzar) of Judah ben Jacob\|Prophet
				birt: ABT 0620 BC plac: Daniel 1:6\|Now among these were of the children of Judah, Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah: Unto w\|hom the prince of the eunuchs gave names: for he gave unto Daniel the name of Belteshazzar; a\|nd to Hananiah, of Shadrach; and to Mishael, of Meshach; and to Azariah, of Abed-nego.\|CHAPTER XXXII4. p. 69\|OF THE DEATH OF THE PROPHETS; HOW THEY DlED, AND (WHERE) EACH ONE OF THEM WAS BURIED5.\|\|Habakkuk (was) of the tribe of Simeon, and from the land of Sûâr (Zoar)3. This (prophet) p\|rophesied concerning the Messiah, that He should come, and abrogate the laws of the Jews. H\|e brought food to Daniel at Babylon by the divine (or, angelic) agency. The Jews stoned him i\|n Jerusalem.\|\|3 Epiphanius, ἐξ ἀγρου̑ Βηθοχήρ {Greek: eks agrou Bhðoxhr}. A variant has Βιδζεχάρ {Greek\|: Bidzexár}.\|\|(http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bb/bb32.htm) deat: DECEASED plac: CHAPTER XXXII4. p. 69\|OF THE DEATH OF THE PROPHETS; HOW THEY DlED, AND (WHERE) EACH ONE OF THEM WAS BURIED5.\|\|Daniel (was) of the tribe of Judah, and was born in Upper Beth-Horon. He was a man who kep\|t himself from women, and hence the Jews thought that he was an eunuch, for his face was diff\|erent (from that of other men), and he had no children. He prayed for the Babylonians, and di\|ed in Elam, in the city of the Hôzâyê1, and was buried in Shôshan the fortress. He prophesie\|d concerning the return of the people.\|\|1 In Arabic al-Ahwâz, now Khûzistân.\|(http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bb/bb32.htm)
			Associates of Prophet Daniel of Judah
			birt: deat: DECEASED
		Darius I (Setutre) (Darayavahush) of Hystaspes I of Arsames\|King and General\|Darius the Mede, King of Chaldea, (Darius I (521-485 BC))
		birt: 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|Darius is the Latin form of Dareios, the Greek for of a Persian name, Darayavahash, which mea\|nt roughly "To be Rich" from "daraymiy" (to hold) and "vahu" (well); Italian: Dario; Spanish\|: Dario.\|Royalty:\|Darius I the Great (584 BC-486 BC) -- King of Persia.\|Darius II Ochus (?-404 BC) -- King of Persia.\|Darius III Codommanus (?-330 BC) -- King of Persia. Last king of the Achaemenid dynasty. Defe\|ated by Alexander the Great. deat: 0486 BC plac: Parthia, Iran Ruled 0521 - 0486 BC marr: marr: marr:
	Masistes (Ariamenes) of Darius I of Hystaspes I
	birt: ABT 0525 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|\|Darius and Atossa had four sons: Xerxes, Masistes, Achaemenes, and Hystaspes.\|\|Masistes was their second son. Masistes is a title ('the big one', i.e., after Xerxes), and t\|here are very strong indications that his real name was Ariamenes. He was one of the commande\|rs of the Persian army during Xerxes' campaign against the Greeks and was killed after a dyna\|stic quarrel in 478.\| deat: 0478 BC
			Cyrus II (Kurush) (Kuruš) (Kores) of Cambyses I of Cyrus I\|King\|Cyrus the Great\|King of Persia (538 BC-530 BC)
			birt: 0585 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0530 BC/529 BC plac: Asia marr:
		Atossa (Hutaosâ), daughter of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|Princess\|Princess of Persia
		birt: 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED

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Dareiaia, daughter of Xerxes I of Darius I

Associates of Dareiaia of Xerxes I birt: deat: DECEASED
					Associates of King Xerxes I of Darius I
					birt: 0519 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED plac: Persepolis
				Confusion of Angels
				birt: deat: DECEASED
			Associates of the Confusion of Angels
			birt: deat: DECEASED
		Xerxes I (Ahasuerus) (Khshayarsha) of Darius I of Hystaspes I\|King\|King of Persia
		birt: 0519 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|Es 1:1 -\|Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus, (this is Ahasuerus which reigned, from India ev\|en unto Ethiopia, over an hundred and seven and twenty provinces:) deat: 0466 BC plac: Persepolis Ruled 0486 - 0465 BC marr:
	Dareiaia, daughter of Xerxes I of Darius I
	birt: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
			Otanes (Utâna) of Pharnaspes
			birt: ABT 0540 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED marr:
		Amestris, daughter of Otanes of Pharnaspes
		birt: ABT 0520 BC deat: DECEASED marr:
					Cambyses II (Kambujiya) (Arshama) of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|King\|King Cambyses II (530-522 BC)
					birt: 0588 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|\|The name of Cambyse II's mother is not known. The Greek researcher Herodotus of Halicarnassu\|s calls her Cassandane, but Ctesias of Cnidus states she was Amytis, the daughter of the las\|t king of independent Media, Astyages.\|\|550 BC deat: 0522 BC plac: Egypt Ruled 0525 - 0521 BC\|518/517 BC marr: marr:
				Associates of King Cambyses II of Cyrus II
				birt: ABT 0588 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0522 BC
					Atossa (Hutaosâ), daughter of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|Princess\|Princess of Persia
					birt: 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
			(Daughter) of Hystaspes I of Arsames
			birt: ABT 0540 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED marr:

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Rhodogune (Rodogune), daughter of Xerxes I of Darius I

Associates of (Rodogune) Rhodogune of Xerxes I birt: deat: DECEASED
					Associates of King Xerxes I of Darius I
					birt: 0519 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED plac: Persepolis
				Confusion of Angels
				birt: deat: DECEASED
			Associates of the Confusion of Angels
			birt: deat: DECEASED
		Xerxes I (Ahasuerus) (Khshayarsha) of Darius I of Hystaspes I\|King\|King of Persia
		birt: 0519 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|Es 1:1 -\|Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus, (this is Ahasuerus which reigned, from India ev\|en unto Ethiopia, over an hundred and seven and twenty provinces:) deat: 0466 BC plac: Persepolis Ruled 0486 - 0465 BC marr:
	Rhodogune (Rodogune), daughter of Xerxes I of Darius I
	birt: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
			Otanes (Utâna) of Pharnaspes
			birt: ABT 0540 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED marr:
		Amestris, daughter of Otanes of Pharnaspes
		birt: ABT 0520 BC deat: DECEASED marr:
					Cambyses II (Kambujiya) (Arshama) of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|King\|King Cambyses II (530-522 BC)
					birt: 0588 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|\|The name of Cambyse II's mother is not known. The Greek researcher Herodotus of Halicarnassu\|s calls her Cassandane, but Ctesias of Cnidus states she was Amytis, the daughter of the las\|t king of independent Media, Astyages.\|\|550 BC deat: 0522 BC plac: Egypt Ruled 0525 - 0521 BC\|518/517 BC marr: marr:
				Associates of King Cambyses II of Cyrus II
				birt: ABT 0588 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0522 BC
					Atossa (Hutaosâ), daughter of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|Princess\|Princess of Persia
					birt: 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
			(Daughter) of Hystaspes I of Arsames
			birt: ABT 0540 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED marr:

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Associates of Pharaoh Aha of Narmer


				Pharaonic Rulers of Egypt
				birt: 2920 BC plac: Egypt deat: 0332 BC
			First Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt
			birt: 3100 BC plac: Egypt deat: 2800 BC
		Narmer (Na'rmer) (Merunar)\|Pharaoh
		birt: ABT 3100 BC plac: Egypt deat: ABT 3050 BC
	Aha (Menes) (Athothis I) (Hor-Aha) of Narmer\|Pharaoh
	birt: ABT 3100 BC plac: Egypt deat: DECEASED
		Neithotepe (Neith'hetepu) (Neithhotep A)\|Queen
		birt: ABT 3100 BC plac: Northern Egypt deat: ABT 3050 BC
Associates of Pharaoh Aha of Narmer
birt: Egypt deat: DECEASED
				Pharaonic Rulers of Egypt
				birt: 2920 BC plac: Egypt deat: 0332 BC
			First Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt
			birt: 3100 BC plac: Egypt deat: 2800 BC
		Narmer (Na'rmer) (Merunar)\|Pharaoh
		birt: ABT 3100 BC plac: Egypt deat: ABT 3050 BC
	Berenib (Bernerib) of Narmer\|Queen
	birt: Egypt deat: DECEASED
		Neithotepe (Neith'hetepu) (Neithhotep A)\|Queen
		birt: ABT 3100 BC plac: Northern Egypt deat: ABT 3050 BC

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Patiramphes of Otanes of Pharnaspes

Associates of Patiramphes of Otanes birt: ABT 0520 BC deat: DECEASED
		Otanes (Utâna) of Pharnaspes
		birt: ABT 0540 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED marr:
	Patiramphes of Otanes of Pharnaspes
	birt: ABT 0520 BC deat: DECEASED
					Associates of King Nebuchadnezzar II of Nabopolassar
					birt: ABT 0630 BC plac: Babylon deat: 0539 BC
				Cambyses II (Kambujiya) (Arshama) of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|King\|King Cambyses II (530-522 BC)
				birt: 0588 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|\|The name of Cambyse II's mother is not known. The Greek researcher Herodotus of Halicarnassu\|s calls her Cassandane, but Ctesias of Cnidus states she was Amytis, the daughter of the las\|t king of independent Media, Astyages.\|\|550 BC deat: 0522 BC plac: Egypt Ruled 0525 - 0521 BC\|518/517 BC marr: marr:
			Associates of King Cambyses II of Cyrus II
			birt: ABT 0588 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0522 BC
					Cyrus II (Kurush) (Kuruš) (Kores) of Cambyses I of Cyrus I\|King\|Cyrus the Great\|King of Persia (538 BC-530 BC)
					birt: 0585 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0530 BC/529 BC plac: Asia marr:
				Atossa (Hutaosâ), daughter of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|Princess\|Princess of Persia
				birt: 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
		(Daughter) of Hystaspes I of Arsames
		birt: ABT 0540 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED marr:

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Darius (Dareios) of Xerxes I of Darius I

AKA (Darius) Dareios of Xerxes I birt: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED Associates of Darius of Xerxes I birt: deat: DECEASED
					Associates of King Xerxes I of Darius I
					birt: 0519 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED plac: Persepolis
				Confusion of Angels
				birt: deat: DECEASED
			Associates of the Confusion of Angels
			birt: deat: DECEASED
		Xerxes I (Ahasuerus) (Khshayarsha) of Darius I of Hystaspes I\|King\|King of Persia
		birt: 0519 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|Es 1:1 -\|Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus, (this is Ahasuerus which reigned, from India ev\|en unto Ethiopia, over an hundred and seven and twenty provinces:) deat: 0466 BC plac: Persepolis Ruled 0486 - 0465 BC marr:
	Darius (Dareios) of Xerxes I of Darius I
	birt: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
			Otanes (Utâna) of Pharnaspes
			birt: ABT 0540 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED marr:
		Amestris, daughter of Otanes of Pharnaspes
		birt: ABT 0520 BC deat: DECEASED marr:
					Cambyses II (Kambujiya) (Arshama) of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|King\|King Cambyses II (530-522 BC)
					birt: 0588 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|\|The name of Cambyse II's mother is not known. The Greek researcher Herodotus of Halicarnassu\|s calls her Cassandane, but Ctesias of Cnidus states she was Amytis, the daughter of the las\|t king of independent Media, Astyages.\|\|550 BC deat: 0522 BC plac: Egypt Ruled 0525 - 0521 BC\|518/517 BC marr: marr:
				Associates of King Cambyses II of Cyrus II
				birt: ABT 0588 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0522 BC
					Atossa (Hutaosâ), daughter of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|Princess\|Princess of Persia
					birt: 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
			(Daughter) of Hystaspes I of Arsames
			birt: ABT 0540 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED marr:

John Hoyt's Family Tree Chart Map | Map | List of Individuals | List of Surnames
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Notes:

d. 465 BC

< Parysatis, daughter of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I\|Parysatis of Persia birt: ABT 0475 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED marr: < Bagapaios of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I birt: ABT 0475 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED Associates of (Andria) Andia of Nebuchadnezzar III birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Babylon deat: DECEASED
					Zedekiah (Mattaniah) ben Josiah II ben Amon\|King\|King of Judah (598 BC)
					birt: ABT 0625 BC plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel\|\|Matt 1:11\|And Josias begat Jechonias and his brethren, about the time they were carried away to Babylon\|:\|\|Jeremiah 1:3\|Lived in the days of Jeremiah.\|\|1 Chr 3:15\|And the sons of Josiah were, the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah\|, the fourth Shallum.\|\|2Ki 24:17 -\|And the king of Babylon made Mattaniah his father's brother king in his stead, and changed hi\|s name to Zedekiah.\|\|2 Kings 24:18\|Zedekiah was twenty and one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years i\|n Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.\|\|1 Chr 3:16\|And the sons of Jehoiakim: Jeconiah his son, Zedekiah his son. deat: ABT 0586 BC plac: Babylon, Babylonia
				Associates of King Zedekiah ben Josiah
				birt: ABT 0625 BC plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel deat: DECEASED
			Nebuchadnezzar II (Nabuchadrezzer) (Nabu-Na'id) (Nabu-Kudurri Usur) (Nabu-Kudurri-User) (Nidintu-Bel) of Nabopolassar\|King\|(Nabonidus) (Labynetus I) (Nabonedochos) (Nabonnidechus) (Nabunaita)
			birt: 0630 BC plac: Babylon deat: 0539 BC
		Nebuchadnezzar III of Nebuchadnezzar II of Nabopolassar\|King
		birt: ABT 0585 BC plac: Babylon deat: DECEASED
	Andia (Andria), daughter of Nebuchadnezzar III of Nebuchadnezzar II
	birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Babylon deat: DECEASED Artaxerxes I (Longimanus) (Makrocheir) (Artakhshassa) of Xerxes I of Darius I\|King\|King of Persia marr: Concubine birt: ABT 0500 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|\|Artaxerxes by Plutarch\|ARTAXERXES\|437-359 B.C.\|by Plutarch\|translated by John Dryden\|\|ARTAXERXES -\|THE first Artaxerxes, among all the kings of Persia the most remarkable for a gentle and nobl\|e spirit, was surnamed the Long-handed, his right hand being longer than his left, and was th\|e son of Xerxes. The second, whose story I am now writing, who had the surname of the Mindful\|, was the grandson of the former, by his daughter Parysatis, who brought Darius four sons, th\|e eldest Artaxerxes, the next Cyrus, and two younger than these, Ostanes and Oxathres. Cyru\|s took his name of the ancient Cyrus, as he, they say, had his from the sun, which, in the Pe\|rsian language, is called Cyrus. Artaxerxes was at first called Arsicas; Dinon says Oarses; b\|ut it is utterly improbable that Ctesias (however otherwise he may have filled his books wit\|h a perfect farrago of incredible and senseless fables) should be ignorant of the name of th\|e king with whom he lived as his physician, attending upon himself, his wife, his mother, an\|d his children.\|\|Cyrus, from his earliest youth, showed something of a headstrong and vehement character; Arta\|xerxes, on the other side, was gentler in everything, and of a nature more yielding and sof\|t in its action. He married a beautiful and virtuous wife, at the desire of his parents, bu\|t kept her as expressly against their wishes.\|...[MUCH MORE]\|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Artaxerxes/) deat: 0424 BC plac: Persia (Iran) Ruled 0464 - 0424 BC

AKA (Hystaspes II) Hytaspes II of Darius I birt: ABT 0525 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED Associates of Hystaspes II of Darius I birt: ABT 0525 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
					Prophetic Contemporaries of Jeremiah ben Hilkiah
					birt: Anatoth, Benjamin, Judea, Southern Israel deat: DECEASED
				Daniel (Belteshazzar) of Judah ben Jacob\|Prophet
				birt: ABT 0620 BC plac: Daniel 1:6\|Now among these were of the children of Judah, Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah: Unto w\|hom the prince of the eunuchs gave names: for he gave unto Daniel the name of Belteshazzar; a\|nd to Hananiah, of Shadrach; and to Mishael, of Meshach; and to Azariah, of Abed-nego.\|CHAPTER XXXII4. p. 69\|OF THE DEATH OF THE PROPHETS; HOW THEY DlED, AND (WHERE) EACH ONE OF THEM WAS BURIED5.\|\|Habakkuk (was) of the tribe of Simeon, and from the land of Sûâr (Zoar)3. This (prophet) p\|rophesied concerning the Messiah, that He should come, and abrogate the laws of the Jews. H\|e brought food to Daniel at Babylon by the divine (or, angelic) agency. The Jews stoned him i\|n Jerusalem.\|\|3 Epiphanius, ἐξ ἀγρου̑ Βηθοχήρ {Greek: eks agrou Bhðoxhr}. A variant has Βιδζεχάρ {Greek\|: Bidzexár}.\|\|(http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bb/bb32.htm) deat: DECEASED plac: CHAPTER XXXII4. p. 69\|OF THE DEATH OF THE PROPHETS; HOW THEY DlED, AND (WHERE) EACH ONE OF THEM WAS BURIED5.\|\|Daniel (was) of the tribe of Judah, and was born in Upper Beth-Horon. He was a man who kep\|t himself from women, and hence the Jews thought that he was an eunuch, for his face was diff\|erent (from that of other men), and he had no children. He prayed for the Babylonians, and di\|ed in Elam, in the city of the Hôzâyê1, and was buried in Shôshan the fortress. He prophesie\|d concerning the return of the people.\|\|1 In Arabic al-Ahwâz, now Khûzistân.\|(http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bb/bb32.htm)
			Associates of Prophet Daniel of Judah
			birt: deat: DECEASED
		Darius I (Setutre) (Darayavahush) of Hystaspes I of Arsames\|King and General\|Darius the Mede, King of Chaldea, (Darius I (521-485 BC))
		birt: 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|Darius is the Latin form of Dareios, the Greek for of a Persian name, Darayavahash, which mea\|nt roughly "To be Rich" from "daraymiy" (to hold) and "vahu" (well); Italian: Dario; Spanish\|: Dario.\|Royalty:\|Darius I the Great (584 BC-486 BC) -- King of Persia.\|Darius II Ochus (?-404 BC) -- King of Persia.\|Darius III Codommanus (?-330 BC) -- King of Persia. Last king of the Achaemenid dynasty. Defe\|ated by Alexander the Great. deat: 0486 BC plac: Parthia, Iran Ruled 0521 - 0486 BC marr: marr:
	Hystaspes II (Hytaspes) of Darius I of Hystaspes I\|Satrap of Bactria
	birt: ABT 0525 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|\|Darius and Atossa had four sons: Xerxes, Masistes, Achaemenes, and Hystaspes.\|\|Hystaspes became satrap of Bactria, one of the most important parts of the Persian empire.\| deat: DECEASED
			Cyrus II (Kurush) (Kuruš) (Kores) of Cambyses I of Cyrus I\|King\|Cyrus the Great\|King of Persia (538 BC-530 BC)
			birt: 0585 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0530 BC/529 BC plac: Asia marr:
		Atossa (Hutaosâ), daughter of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|Princess\|Princess of Persia
		birt: 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED

< Artozostre, daughter of Darius I of Hystaspes\|Princess birt: ABT 0525 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED < Gobryas of Darius I of Hystaspes\|Prince birt: ABT 0525 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED < Arsames of Darius I of Hystaspes\|Prince birt: ABT 0525 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED Associates of Princess Artystone of Cyrus II birt: ABT 0535 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED
		Cyrus II (Kurush) (Kuruš) (Kores) of Cambyses I of Cyrus I\|King\|Cyrus the Great\|King of Persia (538 BC-530 BC)
		birt: 0585 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: 0530 BC/529 BC plac: Asia marr:
	Artystone (Irtašduna), daughter of Cyrus II of Cambyses I\|Princess
	birt: 0535 BC plac: Persia (Iran) deat: DECEASED Darius I (Setutre) (Darayavahush) of Hystaspes I of Arsames\|King and General\|Darius the Mede, King of Chaldea, (Darius I (521-485 BC)) marr: birt: 0550 BC plac: Persia (Iran)\|Darius is the Latin form of Dareios, the Greek for of a Persian name, Darayavahash, which mea\|nt roughly "To be Rich" from "daraymiy" (to hold) and "vahu" (well); Italian: Dario; Spanish\|: Dario.\|Royalty:\|Darius I the Great (584 BC-486 BC) -- King of Persia.\|Darius II Ochus (?-404 BC) -- King of Persia.\|Darius III Codommanus (?-330 BC) -- King of Persia. Last king of the Achaemenid dynasty. Defe\|ated by Alexander the Great. deat: 0486 BC plac: Parthia, Iran Ruled 0521 - 0486 BC