AKA Prophet (Seraiah) Soroyoh ben Neriah

 
 Jeremiah ben Hilkiah ben Shallum I|Prophet
 birt: ABT 0650 BC
plac: |2Ch 35:25 -|And Jeremiah lamented for Josiah: and all the singing men and the singing women spake of Josi|ah in their lamentations to this day, and made them an ordinance in Israel: and, behold, the|y are written in the lamentations.||2Ch 36:12 -|And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD his God, and humbled not himself befo|re Jeremiah the prophet speaking from the mouth of the LORD.||2Ch 36:21 - 22|To fulfil the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed her sabba|ths: for as long as she lay desolate she kept sabbath, to fulfil threescore and ten years.|Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD spoken by the mout|h of Jeremiah might be accomplished, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia|, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,||Ezr 1:1 -|Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jere|miah might be fulfilled, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he mad|e a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,||Dan 9:2 -|In the first year of his reign I Daniel understood by books the number of the years, whereo|f the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah the prophet, that he would accomplish seventy years i|n the desolations of Jerusalem.
deat: DECEASED
plac: CHAPTER XXXII4. p. 69|OF THE DEATH OF THE PROPHETS; HOW THEY DlED, AND (WHERE) EACH ONE OF THEM WAS BURIED5.||The Jews stoned Jeremiah the son of Hilkiah in Egypt, because he rebuked them for worshipp|ing idols; and the Egyptians buried him by the side of Pharaoh's palace. The Egyptians love|d him much, because he prayed and the beasts died which used to come up from the river Nile a|nd devour men. These beasts were called 'crocodiles.' When Alexander the son of Philip, the M|acedonian, came (to Egypt), he made enquiries about his grave, and took and brought him to Al|exandria. This (prophet) during his life said to the Egyptians, 'a child shall be born--tha|t is the Messiah--of a virgin, and He shall be laid in a crib2, and He will shake and cast do|wn the idols.' From that time, and until Christ was born, the Egyptians used to set a virgi|n and a baby in a crib, and to worship him, because of what Jeremiah said to them, that He sh|ould be born in a crib.||2 See Migne, Patrologiae Cursus, Ser. Gr., t. 43, col. 421; and the chapter on the going dow|n of our Lord into Egypt.|(http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bb/bb32.htm)
 Associates of Prophet Jeremiah ben Hilkiah 
 birt: ABT 0650 BC
plac: Anatoth, Benjamin, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED
 Prophetic Contemporaries of Jeremiah ben Hilkiah 
 birt: Anatoth, Benjamin, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED
 Seraiah ben Neriah ben Maaseiah|Prophet Prince 
 birt: ABT 0624 BC
plac: SERAIAH|Jer. 51: 59|The word which Jeremiah the prophet commanded Seraiah the son of Neriah, the son of Maaseiah|, when he went with Zedekiah the king of Judah into Babylon in the fourth year of his reign|. And this Seraiah was a quiet prince.||Jer. 51: 61|And Jeremiah said to Seraiah, When thou comest to Babylon, and shalt see, and shalt read al|l these words;
deat: DECEASED
 AKA Prophet (Seraiah) Soroyoh ben Neriah 
birt: ABT 0624 BC
deat: DECEASED

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AKA King (Josiah II) Yoshiyahu ben Amon

 
 Scribes of Prophet Jeremiah ben Hilkiah
 birt: Anatoth, Benjamin, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED
 Baruch (Barukh) ben Neriah ben Maaseiah|Prophet Scribe 
 birt: ABT 0624 BC
plac: |Jer. 36: 26|But the king commanded Jerahmeel the son of Hammelech, and Seraiah the son of Azriel, and She|lemiah the son of Abdeel, to take Baruch the scribe and Jeremiah the prophet: but the LORD hi|d them.||Jer. 43:6|Even men, and women, and children, and the king's daughters, and every person that Nebuzarada|n the captain of the guard had left with Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan, and J|eremiah the prophet, and Baruch the son of Neriah. [were carried into Egypt]|BOOK OF BARUCH|An outline of the Book of Baruch||1:1-1:10 A letter to Jerusalem|1:11-1:14 Baruch and the Jews in Babylon|1:15-2:10 Confession of Sins||2:11-2:26 Prayer for Deliverance|2:27-3:8 God's Promise Recalled||3:9-4:4 In Praise of Wisdom||4:5-4:29 Encouragement for Israel|4:30-5:9 Jerusalem Is Assured of Help||6:1 The Letter of Jeremiah|6:2-6:7 The People Face a Long Captivity|6:8-6:39 The Helplessness of Idols|6:40-6:73 The Foolishness of Worshiping Idols|(http://www.catholicdoors.com/outline/o-bar.htm)
deat: DECEASED
 Associates of Prophet Scribe Baruch ben Neriah 
 birt: ABT 0625 BC
deat: DECEASED
 Josiah II (Joash) (Josias) ben Amon ben Manasseh|King|King of Judah (640 BC) 
 birt: ABT 0650 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel||1 Chr 3:14|Amon his son, Josiah his son.||One source lists a birth date of 0649 BC||2 Kings 21: 24-26|24 And the people of the land slew all them that had conspired against king Amon; and the peo|ple of the land made Josiah his son king in his stead.|25 Now the rest of the acts of Amon which he did, are they not written in the book of the chr|onicles of the kings of Judah?|26 And he was buried in his sepulchre in the garden of Uzza: and Josiah his son reigned in hi|s stead.||2 Chr. 33:25|But the people of the land slew all them that had conspired against king Amon; and the peopl|e of the land made Josiah his son king in his stead.||Matt 1:10|And Ezekias begat Manasses; and Manasses begat Amon; and Amon begat Josias
deat: 0609 BC
plac: Megiddo
marr:
marr:
 AKA King (Josiah II) Yoshiyahu ben Amon 
birt: ABT 0650 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED
 
 Zebudah bint Pedaiah of Rumah 
birt: ABT 0650 BC
plac: |2 Kgs 23:36|36 Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned eleven year|s in Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was Zebudah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah.
deat: DECEASED
marr:

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AKA King (Alexander III) Alexander Mokdon of Philip II

 
 List of Kings 
 birt:
deat:
 Greco-Roman Rulers of Egypt 
 birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Alexander III of Philip II of Amyntas III|King|King of Macedonia 
 birt: Jul 0356 BC
plac: Pella, Macedonia, Greece|Alexander by Plutarch|75 AD|ALEXANDER|356-323 B.C.|by Plutarch|translated by John Dryden|ALEXANDER -|IT being my purpose to write the lives of Alexander the king, and of Caesar, by whom Pompey w|as destroyed, the multitude of their great actions affords so large a field that I were to bl|ame if I should not by way of apology forewarn my reader that I have chosen rather to epitomi|ze the most celebrated parts of their story, than to insist at large on every particular circ|umstance of it. It must be borne in mind that my design is not to write histories, but lives.|...|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Alexander/)|Sacred Texts <../../index.htm> Judaism <../index.htm> Index Previous Next ||p. 8|ALEXANDER OF MACEDON|THE great conqueror Alexander the Macedonian, the son of Philip, who, at the instigation of t|he Persians, was assassinated by Pisanius, when yet a boy showed great thirst for conquest. W|hen he heard of his father's conquests he wept bitterly, complaining that by the time he assu|med the crown there would be so little for him to conquer. He was barely twenty years old whe|n he ascended the throne, but he knew well how to make his power felt. He soon conquered th|e Thracians, as well as the rebellious Thebans, and his heroic qualities developed so rapidl|y that he was appointed by the Greeks as military chief in their wars against the Persians. U|ninterrupted success followed his arms, and had he not died at a comparatively early age he w|ould probably have conquered what was then known as the whole world. His victory over the Per|sian General Memnon, on the river Granicus, in the North-West of Asia Minor, opened for him t|he road into the interior of further Asia. He was not slow to take advantage of the opportuni|ty, and pushed rapidly through the States of Asia Minor, through Lydia and Ionia to Pamphylia|. In the latter, near Issus, he gained a brilliant victory over Darius the Third, also know|n as Codomanus, who narrowly escaped death, leaving his mother, his wife and his children i|n the hands of the conqueror.|The Macedonian hero, with his troops intoxicated with victory after victory, now entered Syri|a, not so much in pursuit of Darius as with a view to extending|p. 9|his conquests. He took Damascus and Sidon, and attacked Tyre, so as to become master of the s|ea also.|That city, however, being very strongly fortified, and being on one side protected by the sea|, offered a stubborn resistance, and Alexander found himself compelled to embark on a long si|ege. In order to prevent any untoward event during the siege, Alexander was anxious to ensur|e immunity from the neighbouring State.|He therefore sent a message to Jerusalem, with a letter to the High Priest Jedua with the fol|lowing requests: (1) To supply him with troops; (2) to allow free traffic between the Macedon|ian army and Jerusalem; (3) to give him every possible assistance, such as had been granted t|o Darius. A hint was also thrown out that the High Priest would do well to consider whose fri|endship and goodwill was of greater value--that of the victor, or that of the vanquished.|The letter further expressed Alexander's anticipation of having these modest requests granted|, and assured the Jews that they would have no reason to regret compliance. The Jews could no|t but know that it would be greatly to their advantage to be on good terms with this famous h|ero, and that the beaten Persian could neither benefit nor injure them. Yet they did not fee|l justified in deserting the Persians. The High Priest therefore indited something like the f|ollowing answer:--|'Recognition and high esteem are undoubtedly due to so glorious a hero, yet for the present t|he Jews of Jerusalem cannot comply with his wishes, for these reasons: We Jews have promise|d our loyalty, on our oath, to Darius. So long as that Prince lives the oath has its force, a|nd the Jews could commit no sin so grievous as wilful perjury, seeing that one of their comma|ndments, with which God has entrusted them, is this: "Thou shalt not take the name of the Lor|d thy God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless|p. 10|that taketh His name in vain."' The High Priest moreover mentioned instances--such as Zedekia|h, the last King of Judah, who became disloyal to the Babylonian ruler, his former allegianc|e notwithstanding, and brought calamity upon himself and upon Judea. He further pointed out t|hat Moses' teaching tends to show that the God of Israel is a God of Truth, that treachery an|d untruth bring misfortune on those who practise them, and that it is incumbent on every tru|e adherent of the teaching of Moses to avoid all falsehood and duplicity. Alexander would per|haps have been satisfied with the explanation offered by the High Priest Jedua, had it not be|en for the Samaritans, who, whilst practising all sorts of idolatry, were at the same time an|xious to unite with the Jews, and to be considered as a portion of that body. When the Jews r|epudiated them, they sought to set up a temple of their own on the model of the Jerusalem Tem|ple. Menasseh, a brother of Jedua, formerly a priest, having married a Samaritan woman, the d|aughter of a Samaritan governor, was deprived of his office of priest in the temple, and wa|s naturally all the more anxious to set up an opposition temple, in which he could exercise h|is priestly function. The Samaritans therefore strained every nerve to excite Alexander's ill|will against the Jews, and to obtain his sanction for the erection of a temple on Mount Geriz|im.|Sanblat, the Governor of Samaria, and father-in-law of Menasseh, the expelled priest, sough|t audience of Alexander, and took the opportunity to give his version of the motives of Jedua|, the High Priest, in refusing Alexander's requests. He maintained that loyalty to Darius wa|s not the motive of the refusal, as the Jews, he said, knew nothing of loyalty, but, on the c|ontrary, would overthrow every throne not occupied by one of their own people if they had th|e power. He said that they were priest-ridden, and that if there were any who|p. 11|would join his (Alexander's) army, they dared not venture it, as that would exclude them fro|m participating in the Temple service, which to them meant moral death. If he (the Macedonian|) would only secure an alternative to the Jerusalem Temple by sanctioning the opposition Temp|le which the Samaritans were anxious to set up, this would bring large numbers from Jerusale|m to the new Temple; and the newcomers, no longer fearing exclusion from the Jerusalem servic|e, would gladly join with the Samaritans the banner of the great conqueror Alexander. It is p|erhaps not surprising that the Macedonian conqueror was much impressed with this plausible ve|rsion, especially when the Samaritans, as an earnest of their acceptance of and adhesion to t|he new state of affairs, deserted en masse the ranks of the crushed Darius, and went over t|o Alexander's army.|The desired permission for the building of the Gerizim Temple was granted, and the work was t|aken in band. Soon afterwards, however, the governor, who was a man of advanced age, died. Ty|re could no longer resist the severe siege, and, as predicted by the prophet (Is. 27), it cap|itulated. Indescribable slaughter and ravage took place within its walls; the town was laid i|n ruins, and its heroes were either slaughtered or taken as slaves.|Alexander now turned his attention to the punishment of the Jews, and started with his ever-v|ictorious army for Jerusalem. When the news of the approach of Alexander and his formidable a|rmy reached Jerusalem, there was consternation, and despair ruled supreme amongst the inhabit|ants, one and all. The Jews took refuge, as ever, in their religion; prayer, fasting, sackclo|th and ashes were the order of the day. Confession of sin and repentance were practised dail|y by almost every person. When Alexander was but about one day's distance from Jerusalem, th|e High Priest and Elders of the Temple had the streets of the|p. 12|city beautifully decorated, the public buildings as well as the private residences were magni|ficently adorned, and they ordered the inhabitants to form two lines in the streets--one oppo|site the other--the people to appear in their holiday attire. The gates of the city were bede|cked with garlands of the finest flowers, and triumphal arches were erected. The priests, th|e Levites and the Elders, at their head the venerable High Priest Jedua in full priestly robe|s, mitre, ephod and breastplate, made their way, towards evening, to the entrance of the city|, carrying torches and candles in their hands, and a light was thrown on the brilliant assemb|ly such as eclipsed the noonday brightness of a magnificent summer's day.|Soon after their arrival at the gate, Alexander, at the head of his army, made his appearance|. He was quite astonished at the sight that met his view, and seemed to be overwhelmed on beh|olding the grand and imposing assembly that came to meet him. When he saw the High Priest, wh|o looked even as an angel in his garments, Alexander dismounted, as though impelled by an ins|tinct, bowed himself reverently, and proclaimed aloud: 'Blessed be the God whose servant yo|u are.' His army, however, having anticipated plunder rather than the sight before them, coul|d ill conceal their bewilderment at the strange turn of affairs. They could hardly believe, o|n the evidence of their own senses, that their proud monarch should bend his head so humbly a|nd so reverently before the High Priest. One of Alexander's confidential and favourite office|rs, Parmenion by name, ventured at last to ask the King why he, the proud conqueror, showed s|uch marked honour and deference to the Jewish priest.|'Listen, then,' replied Alexander, 'and I will tell you of a wonderful experience of mine. Wh|ile I was still in Macedonia I often lay awake at night, when all else was at rest, thinkin|g of a plan by which to gain mastery|p. 13|of Asia. One evening, when my thoughts were more than usually occupied with this fond schem|e of mine, I fell, exhausted by this mental strain, into a deep slumber, and saw in a visio|n an awe-inspiring man standing before me. The very sight of him seemed to instil into me cou|rage and hope, and, as though reading my very thoughts, he advised me to cross the borders o|f Greece without further hesitation, and assured me of the success of my projected undertakin|g. That vision of mine was no myth, no nightmare, not the mere phantasy of a heated brain; fo|r not only have I, since that vision, never met with anything but victory, but in the hoar-he|aded and venerable servant of the Jewish God, in his attire and in his bearing, I see no othe|r than the man of my vision. Shall I not then revere the man who was the messenger of his Go|d to lead me to victory? I am equally convinced that my destiny is to overthrow Darius, and f|or that purpose I was called to undertake this venture, and the appearance of this holy man f|oretells complete success.' After this explanation, Alexander entered Jerusalem, accompanie|d by the Jewish dignitaries who came to meet him. He was welcomed and cheered throughout by t|he population of the city. His first request was to be taken to the Temple, where he anxiousl|y inquired concerning the ceremonies and sacrifices and the manner of the services.|His curiosity was gladly satisfied, and the High Priest directed his attention also to the pa|ssage in Daniel 8. 5, where it is foretold that a Greek ruler (which term the High Priest app|lied to Alexander) would overthrow the Persian kingdom, and Alexander was exceedingly please|d with all he saw and heard. The following day the Macedonian hero summoned all the priests a|nd elders, and asked them to tell him, without restraint and hesitation, what they wished o|f him as a token of his great satisfaction at the reception given him, and as a mark of his h|igh estimation of their|p. 14|services and organization. The High Priest, who was the spokesman, asked his Majesty to gran|t them the free and unhindered exercise of their religious rites, and to waive the payment o|f taxes in the Sabbatical year, when, according to the law of Moses, no agricultural pursuit|s were allowed, and consequently there was no revenue from their lands. This was at once gran|ted; but Alexander observed from Jedua's demeanour that there was some further favour he wish|ed to obtain, but that the good man was reluctant to name it. He therefore requested the Hig|h Priest to lay all his wishes before him. The High Priest then ventured to ask that the grea|t monarch might extend his permission regarding the exercise of the religious rites by his Je|wish subjects to all other parts of his wide dominions, such as Babylon and Media, and this w|as also cheerfully granted by the great Alexander. At the express wish of the Macedonian warr|ior, a large number of the most valiant of the Jewish community joined his army, and he gav|e them permission to follow their religious observances in the camp. As a further favour, Ale|xander requested that his likeness might be framed and placed in the Temple. It was pointed o|ut to him that the Jews were strictly forbidden to have pictures and likenesses of anything w|hatever in their places of worship, and, in lieu of this, it was suggested (1) that all mal|e children born in that year throughout Jerusalem should be named Alexander, and (2) that th|e Jews should adopt a new era called the Alexander Era. That era was to commence with Octobe|r 1 of the year 312 before the Christian era. This suggestion met with Alexander's approval|, and up to the eleventh century of the Christian era this method of reckoning the years wa|s actually in force, and was known as the Era of Documents. 1|With Alexander's entry into Jerusalem began a very|p. 15|considerable improvement in the condition of the Jews. 1 The Samaritans used every subterfug|e in order to be recognized as Jews by the Macedonian hero, so that they might enjoy the priv|ileges and advantages bestowed on the latter, but they failed to convince Alexander, who reme|mbered their efforts to prejudice him against the Jews, that they were of the same people. 'I|f you are indeed Jews,' he asked, 'how is it that you are not known by that name?' 'We are,|' they insisted, 'descendants of the Patriarch Jacob, and Israel's God is our God; but the Si|domites call us Samaritans, and we are also known to them by the name of Shechemites, after o|ur capital Shechem.'|Alexander was not satisfied with their answer, and told them that he could not recognize the|m as Jews, and to the Jews alone he had granted the privileges which the Samaritans sought t|o obtain. He asked them to leave the matter in abeyance till his return from the long journe|y he was about to undertake, and on his return he would thoroughly investigate their claim, a|nd then see that justice was done to them. The Samaritans were dissatisfied with Alexander'|s treatment of them, and they rebelled and burned the Governor Andromachus in his own palace|. Alexander's anger at this was very great; he returned, put to death the leaders, exiled a n|umber of Samaritans to Egypt, where they formed a colony in Thebais, and handed a large numbe|r of them over to the Jews as slaves, as a reward for their tried loyalty.|Alexander of Macedonia, be it remembered, was by no means a mere uncouth warrior whose knowle|dge did not extend beyond the narrow compass of the battlefield, for the vast dominion of ar|t and science was an open book to him. From his thirteenth to his eighteenth|p. 16|year he was a pupil of Aristotle, who guided him through all branches of wisdom and knowledge|, and inspired in him a love for Homer's works, which in fact he always carried with him. A|s a consequence, he naturally had a longing for intercourse with the educated and learned me|n of every place which he visited. Arrived in the South, his first step was to have the men d|istinguished for their wisdom brought before him. To them he put the following ten questions|: (1) Which is the longer distance--from the earth to the skies, or from the east of the worl|d to the west? Answer: The last-mentioned is the longer, because if the sun stands in the Eas|t or in the West, then he is perceived in the half of each sphere; but if he is in the centr|e of the sky, then he is not visible everywhere. Consequently he must be higher in the forme|r case than in the latter. (2) Which was created first--the heavens or the earth? Answer: Th|e Almighty clearly commenced His work with the heavens, for is it not said, 'In the beginnin|g God created the heavens and the earth'? (3) Who is truly wise? Answer: He who can foresee t|he result of his acts is truly a wise man. (4) Who is truly strong? Answer: Strength is in th|e possession of him who can overcome his passions. (5) Who can be considered truly rich? Answ|er: Truly rich is he who possesses contentment. (6) How can man acquire true life? Answer: Tr|ue life can be obtained by deadening one's passions. (7) What hastens man's death? Answer: In|dulgence in earthly pleasures. (8) How can man obtain the love of his fellow-men? Answer: B|y not seeking supremacy over them. Alexander felt himself hit by this answer, and said, 'I a|m not of your opinion in this respect. My idea is that, in order to obtain the love of one'|s fellow-man, one must acquire might and power, and use them with discretion.' (9) Which is t|he more agreeable abode--on land or water? Answer: Surely on land, because seafaring men ar|e not happy and contented|p. 17|till they reach land. (10) Who amongst you is considered the wisest? Answer: In this respec|t we are unable to give any one the preference, as you may have observed that our answers wer|e unanimous and simultaneous.|Alexander proceeded in argument with the wise men. 'Why,' he asked, 'are you so averse to hea|thenism, seeing that the heathens greatly outnumber you?' To which he received the reply tha|t it is just the multitude, the masses, who are apt to lose sight of truth, and it is only gi|ven to a comparative few to perceive and understand pure truth. 'But,' he continued, 'it is i|n my power to destroy the whole of you.' 'No doubt,' was the answer, 'you possess the power t|o do so, but we are not apprehensive on that point, having once received the promise of you|r protection.' He then consulted them concerning his projected journey to Africa. The wise me|n answered, 'That you cannot reach, as it lies beyond the dark mountains, which no human foo|t can traverse.' The king seemed to be piqued by this, and said, 'I do not ask you whethe|r I shall or can traverse those mountains. My mind is made up, and there is no resistance t|o my will. What I want to know is the best means known to man for undertaking this formidabl|e expedition.' The wise men advised him to the best of their knowledge. Part of their advic|e was to procure certain draught animals from Libya, which possess the faculty of seeing thei|r way in darkness. The king, having adopted all the necessary measures, started for Africa. H|e arrived at a place called the land of Amazon, whose inhabitants consisted only of women, t|o whom he sent a declaration of war. The women sent a message to him that a war with them cou|ld only be an inglorious one, inasmuch as if he were victorious a victory over women could no|t bring him either fame or honour; whereas if they should be victorious, that would surely br|ing disgrace upon him.|p. 18|The king saw the wisdom of their argument, and gave up the idea of war, but bade them suppl|y him with bread. The women brought him lumps of gold in the shape of loaves of bread. The ki|ng said in amazement 'Do you use this metal as bread?' They answered 'You surely have not com|e all this distance merely for bread; is there no bread in your own country?'|Alexander took his departure thence, but, before starting, he wrote on the gate of the city|: 'I, Alexander of Macedonia, was a simpleton until I arrived at this gate, where I learnt wi|sdom from women.' He next arrived at Katzia, where also he was met with presents of gold. '|I want no gold of yours,' said Alexander to the chief. 'And to what other purpose have you co|me all this great distance?' was the answer, given in the shape of a question. 'I have come,|' said Alexander, 'to become acquainted with your manners and customs, especially with your a|dministration of justice.'|A remarkable case of litigation happened to be in progress in the place at this time. A man w|ho had bought a house of another found in its precincts a treasure-trove, which he took bac|k to the seller, saying: 'This is yours; I bought the house only, and not what may be found i|n it.' The other, in refusing to accept the proffered treasure, argued that he sold the house|, and the buyer was the rightful owner of all that might be found in it. The judge gave his d|ecision that the son of the purchaser of the house should marry the daughter of the seller, a|nd the young couple should receive the treasure as a dowry. As Alexander expressed his wonde|r at and approval of the wise verdict, he was asked by the judge how a similar suit would b|e decided in his own country. 'In my country,' replied Alexander, 'the treasure would be take|n by the Crown, and both parties would be deterred by the threat of death from laying any cla|im to it.' 'How,' said the judge, 'have you also rain and sunshine in your|p. 19|country?' 'Surely,' replied Alexander. 'And you possess also animals and fowls?' 'Why not?' a|sked the Macedonian. 'Then,' remarked the judge, I must suppose that the purpose of the rai|n and sunshine in your land is to sustain those harmless creatures; for you, the human inhabi|tants, judging by your perverseness and injustice, are unworthy of such blessed gifts of natu|re.'|One day they arrived at a river, and as his servants were washing off the salt of the fish, w|hich they carried with them for their august master, in the water of the river, they saw tha|t life was returning to the fishes. When the marvellous event was reported to Alexander, he d|etermined to find the source of that river. He pursued his way, and at last found a gate, whe|re he demanded admittance. The answer he received to his demand was: 'This is the gate of th|e Lord; the righteous shall enter therein,' and he concluded that it must be the gate of Para|dise. As all his pleadings did not gain him admittance, he asked for some article from the pl|ace as a token of his having arrived there. A lump of gold in the shape of a human eye was ha|nded out to him, and on putting it in the scales to ascertain its remarkable weight, he foun|d that whatever weight he might put on the opposite scale, it would not turn the scale on whi|ch the golden eye was put. As soon as he met with the Rabbis again, he asked them to unriddl|e this remarkable thing. The Rabbis told him to put a little earth over the eye, and its weig|ht would vanish. They explained that the eye was a perfect type of the human eye, which, as t|he wise king tells us (Prov. 27.), is never satisfied, until a little earth is put over it (i|n death), and its everlasting hunger ceases. 1|p. 20|Alexander returned home from his great adventures through the wilderness and went to Egypt, w|here he built the city of Alexandria. He was anxious for the Jews, whom he held in high estee|m for their bravery and loyalty, to be among the settlers of the great city. Once, some Afric|an tribe and some descendants of Ishmael laid complaints before him against the Jews. The Afr|icans claimed the possession of Palestine, basing their claim on Numbers 34. 2 and on their b|eing descendants of Canaan; they maintained that they had an undisputed right to the countr|y of their ancestor. The sons of Ishmael, too, put in a claim to the possession of at leas|t a portion of Palestine, as the land was promised to their grandfather Abraham (Gen. 25. 13)|. And so the Egyptians bethought themselves of their claim against the Jews, and referred als|o to a Scriptural passage (Exod. 12. 36).|Alexander had the elders of the Jews summoned to him, and mentioned the claims of the respect|ive parties against them. The Jews selected one named Gebeha, son of Psisa, as their defender|. He faced the plaintiffs, and said: 'You have each based your claims on Scripture; I, too, w|ill plead against you out of the books of Moses, our lawgiver. Regarding the Canaanites, we h|ave it in Genesis 9. 25 that Canaan was cursed and was made a slave to his brothers. A slav|e can possess no property of his own. As to the demand of the Ishmaelites, we have it also o|n the same authority (Gen. 25. 5) that Abraham presented Isaac with all his possessions, an|d to the children of his concubines he made presents and sent them away from his son Isaac.|'Against the claims of the Egyptians, we have a huge counterclaim. The second book of Moses m|entions the|p. 21|time of the Jewish compulsory servitude in Egypt as 430 years. We are fully prepared to resto|re the value of what we carried away from Egypt, if the Egyptians will pay us the wages of 60|0,000 men, whom they compelled to work for them for the period mentioned.'|Alexander demanded a reply on the part of the three claimants against the Jewish arguments, w|ithin three days, if they did not wish to be punished for making fictitious claims.|Nothing more was heard of the claims. 1 The Jews rose in Alexander's esteem daily, and he gav|e them the most beautiful part of the city, on the banks of the river, as their quarter, an|d granted them the full rights of citizenship. The Jewish community increased greatly in weal|th and numbers. A year later, at the battle of Arbela, a town in Chaldea, Alexander entirel|y annihilated the Persian empire. After more wars and conquests, he died suddenly at the ag|e of thirty-three. His death was brought about as much by revelry as by his many cares and bo|dily exhaustion. Some of his generals contended for his throne; he was left unburied for som|e time, and eventually no royal burial was his portion. The Macedonian monarchy was divided a|mongst four of his generals.--Midr. Rabba Gen. 33; Lev. 27. and Tanchuma Emmor, etc.||Footnotes|14:1 See Rapoport's Erech Millin, page 73.|15:1 There is a difference in the dates mentioned in the Talmud. In Taanis it i|s stated as the 21st Kislev, and in Yoma 69 as the 28th of Tebeth.|19:1 This allegory was conspicuously applicable to Alexander's career and charact|er. However extensive were his conquests, he longed for more and was never satisfied, not eve|r after the p. 20 plundering of Asia, not after receiving, in consequence of his great conque|sts, the appellation of 'the great.' But with his death, his and his country's greatness ceas|ed, the monstrous possessions were cut up, and none of his kin ascended the throne.|21:1 Different dates are given for the above event. In Sanhed 91. it is given a|s the 24th of Nisson, and in Taanis as the 25th of Sivon.||Next: Demons |(http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/tmm/tmm03.htm)
deat: 10 Jun 0323 BC
marr:
marr:
 AKA King (Alexander III) Alexander Mokdon of Philip II 
birt: 0356 BC
plac: Pella, Macedonia, Greece
deat: DECEASED
 
  Twenty-seventh Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt
  birt: 0525 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 0404 BC
  Darius II Nothos (Ochos) (Darayavahush) (Ochus) of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I|King|Darius Nothus (Darius the Bastard)|King of Persia 
  birt: 0475 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)|Darius is the Latin form of Dareios, the Greek for of a Persian name, Darayavahash, which mea|nt roughly "To be Rich" from "daraymiy" (to hold) and "vahu" (well); Italian: Dario; Spanish|: Dario.|Royalty:|Darius I the Great (584 BC-486 BC) -- King of Persia.|Darius II Ochus (?-404 BC) -- King of Persia.|Darius III Codommanus (?-330 BC) -- King of Persia. Last king of the Achaemenid dynasty. Defe|ated by Alexander the Great.
deat: 0404 BC
plac: Babylon (Iraq) Ruled 0424 - 0404 BC|0336 BC
marr:
  Oxanthres of Darius II of Artaxerxes I|Prince|Prince of Persia 
  birt: ABT 0450 BC
plac: Sogdia
deat: DECEASED
 
    Artaxerxes I (Longimanus) (Makrocheir) (Artakhshassa) of Xerxes I of Darius I|King|King of Persia
    birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)||Artaxerxes by Plutarch|ARTAXERXES|437-359 B.C.|by Plutarch|translated by John Dryden||ARTAXERXES -|THE first Artaxerxes, among all the kings of Persia the most remarkable for a gentle and nobl|e spirit, was surnamed the Long-handed, his right hand being longer than his left, and was th|e son of Xerxes. The second, whose story I am now writing, who had the surname of the Mindful|, was the grandson of the former, by his daughter Parysatis, who brought Darius four sons, th|e eldest Artaxerxes, the next Cyrus, and two younger than these, Ostanes and Oxathres. Cyru|s took his name of the ancient Cyrus, as he, they say, had his from the sun, which, in the Pe|rsian language, is called Cyrus. Artaxerxes was at first called Arsicas; Dinon says Oarses; b|ut it is utterly improbable that Ctesias (however otherwise he may have filled his books wit|h a perfect farrago of incredible and senseless fables) should be ignorant of the name of th|e king with whom he lived as his physician, attending upon himself, his wife, his mother, an|d his children.||Cyrus, from his earliest youth, showed something of a headstrong and vehement character; Arta|xerxes, on the other side, was gentler in everything, and of a nature more yielding and sof|t in its action. He married a beautiful and virtuous wife, at the desire of his parents, bu|t kept her as expressly against their wishes.|...[MUCH MORE]|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Artaxerxes/)
deat: 0424 BC
plac: Persia (Iran) Ruled 0464 - 0424 BC
marr:
marr: Concubine
marr:
marr:
   Parysatis, daughter of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I|Parysatis of Persia 
  birt: ABT 0475 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 
   Andia (Andria), daughter of Nebuchadnezzar III of Nebuchadnezzar II
  birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Babylon
deat: DECEASED
marr: Concubine
 Roxanna (Roxane) (Roxana), daughter of Oxathres of Darius II|Princess 
birt: ABT 0400 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
marr:

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AKA King (Darius II) Daryovesh II of Artaxerxes I

 
 List of Kings
 birt:
deat:
 Pharaonic Rulers of Egypt 
 birt: 2920 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 0332 BC
 Twenty-seventh Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt 
 birt: 0525 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 0404 BC
 Darius II Nothos (Ochos) (Darayavahush) (Ochus) of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I|King|Darius Nothus (Darius the Bastard)|King of Persia 
 birt: 0475 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)|Darius is the Latin form of Dareios, the Greek for of a Persian name, Darayavahash, which mea|nt roughly "To be Rich" from "daraymiy" (to hold) and "vahu" (well); Italian: Dario; Spanish|: Dario.|Royalty:|Darius I the Great (584 BC-486 BC) -- King of Persia.|Darius II Ochus (?-404 BC) -- King of Persia.|Darius III Codommanus (?-330 BC) -- King of Persia. Last king of the Achaemenid dynasty. Defe|ated by Alexander the Great.
deat: 0404 BC
plac: Babylon (Iraq) Ruled 0424 - 0404 BC|0336 BC
marr:
 AKA King (Darius II) Daryovesh II of Artaxerxes I 
birt: 0475 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
 
  Nehemiah (Nechemia) ben Hachaliah|Prophet
  birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Tirshatha||Nehemiah 10:1-28|NOW those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,||Ezra 2:2|These came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, B|igvai, Rehum and Baanah. The number of the men of the people of Israel:
deat: DECEASED
  Associates of Prophet Nehemiah ben Hachaliah 
  birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Tirshatha
deat: DECEASED
  Artaxerxes I (Longimanus) (Makrocheir) (Artakhshassa) of Xerxes I of Darius I|King|King of Persia 
  birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)||Artaxerxes by Plutarch|ARTAXERXES|437-359 B.C.|by Plutarch|translated by John Dryden||ARTAXERXES -|THE first Artaxerxes, among all the kings of Persia the most remarkable for a gentle and nobl|e spirit, was surnamed the Long-handed, his right hand being longer than his left, and was th|e son of Xerxes. The second, whose story I am now writing, who had the surname of the Mindful|, was the grandson of the former, by his daughter Parysatis, who brought Darius four sons, th|e eldest Artaxerxes, the next Cyrus, and two younger than these, Ostanes and Oxathres. Cyru|s took his name of the ancient Cyrus, as he, they say, had his from the sun, which, in the Pe|rsian language, is called Cyrus. Artaxerxes was at first called Arsicas; Dinon says Oarses; b|ut it is utterly improbable that Ctesias (however otherwise he may have filled his books wit|h a perfect farrago of incredible and senseless fables) should be ignorant of the name of th|e king with whom he lived as his physician, attending upon himself, his wife, his mother, an|d his children.||Cyrus, from his earliest youth, showed something of a headstrong and vehement character; Arta|xerxes, on the other side, was gentler in everything, and of a nature more yielding and sof|t in its action. He married a beautiful and virtuous wife, at the desire of his parents, bu|t kept her as expressly against their wishes.|...[MUCH MORE]|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Artaxerxes/)
deat: 0424 BC
plac: Persia (Iran) Ruled 0464 - 0424 BC
marr:
marr: Concubine
marr:
marr:
 Parysatis, daughter of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I|Parysatis of Persia 
birt: ABT 0475 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 
  Nebuchadnezzar II (Nabuchadrezzer) (Nabu-Na'id) (Nabu-Kudurri Usur) (Nabu-Kudurri-User) (Nidintu-Bel) of Nabopolassar|King|(Nabonidus) (Labynetus I) (Nabonedochos) (Nabonnidechus) (Nabunaita)
  birt: 0630 BC
plac: Babylon
deat: 0539 BC
  Nebuchadnezzar III of Nebuchadnezzar II of Nabopolassar|King 
  birt: ABT 0585 BC
plac: Babylon
deat: DECEASED
 Andia (Andria), daughter of Nebuchadnezzar III of Nebuchadnezzar II 
birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Babylon
deat: DECEASED
marr: Concubine

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Associates of Princess Roxanna of Darius II

 
 List of Kings 
 birt:
deat:
 Greco-Roman Rulers of Egypt 
 birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Alexander III of Philip II of Amyntas III|King|King of Macedonia 
 birt: Jul 0356 BC
plac: Pella, Macedonia, Greece|Alexander by Plutarch|75 AD|ALEXANDER|356-323 B.C.|by Plutarch|translated by John Dryden|ALEXANDER -|IT being my purpose to write the lives of Alexander the king, and of Caesar, by whom Pompey w|as destroyed, the multitude of their great actions affords so large a field that I were to bl|ame if I should not by way of apology forewarn my reader that I have chosen rather to epitomi|ze the most celebrated parts of their story, than to insist at large on every particular circ|umstance of it. It must be borne in mind that my design is not to write histories, but lives.|...|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Alexander/)|Sacred Texts <../../index.htm> Judaism <../index.htm> Index Previous Next ||p. 8|ALEXANDER OF MACEDON|THE great conqueror Alexander the Macedonian, the son of Philip, who, at the instigation of t|he Persians, was assassinated by Pisanius, when yet a boy showed great thirst for conquest. W|hen he heard of his father's conquests he wept bitterly, complaining that by the time he assu|med the crown there would be so little for him to conquer. He was barely twenty years old whe|n he ascended the throne, but he knew well how to make his power felt. He soon conquered th|e Thracians, as well as the rebellious Thebans, and his heroic qualities developed so rapidl|y that he was appointed by the Greeks as military chief in their wars against the Persians. U|ninterrupted success followed his arms, and had he not died at a comparatively early age he w|ould probably have conquered what was then known as the whole world. His victory over the Per|sian General Memnon, on the river Granicus, in the North-West of Asia Minor, opened for him t|he road into the interior of further Asia. He was not slow to take advantage of the opportuni|ty, and pushed rapidly through the States of Asia Minor, through Lydia and Ionia to Pamphylia|. In the latter, near Issus, he gained a brilliant victory over Darius the Third, also know|n as Codomanus, who narrowly escaped death, leaving his mother, his wife and his children i|n the hands of the conqueror.|The Macedonian hero, with his troops intoxicated with victory after victory, now entered Syri|a, not so much in pursuit of Darius as with a view to extending|p. 9|his conquests. He took Damascus and Sidon, and attacked Tyre, so as to become master of the s|ea also.|That city, however, being very strongly fortified, and being on one side protected by the sea|, offered a stubborn resistance, and Alexander found himself compelled to embark on a long si|ege. In order to prevent any untoward event during the siege, Alexander was anxious to ensur|e immunity from the neighbouring State.|He therefore sent a message to Jerusalem, with a letter to the High Priest Jedua with the fol|lowing requests: (1) To supply him with troops; (2) to allow free traffic between the Macedon|ian army and Jerusalem; (3) to give him every possible assistance, such as had been granted t|o Darius. A hint was also thrown out that the High Priest would do well to consider whose fri|endship and goodwill was of greater value--that of the victor, or that of the vanquished.|The letter further expressed Alexander's anticipation of having these modest requests granted|, and assured the Jews that they would have no reason to regret compliance. The Jews could no|t but know that it would be greatly to their advantage to be on good terms with this famous h|ero, and that the beaten Persian could neither benefit nor injure them. Yet they did not fee|l justified in deserting the Persians. The High Priest therefore indited something like the f|ollowing answer:--|'Recognition and high esteem are undoubtedly due to so glorious a hero, yet for the present t|he Jews of Jerusalem cannot comply with his wishes, for these reasons: We Jews have promise|d our loyalty, on our oath, to Darius. So long as that Prince lives the oath has its force, a|nd the Jews could commit no sin so grievous as wilful perjury, seeing that one of their comma|ndments, with which God has entrusted them, is this: "Thou shalt not take the name of the Lor|d thy God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless|p. 10|that taketh His name in vain."' The High Priest moreover mentioned instances--such as Zedekia|h, the last King of Judah, who became disloyal to the Babylonian ruler, his former allegianc|e notwithstanding, and brought calamity upon himself and upon Judea. He further pointed out t|hat Moses' teaching tends to show that the God of Israel is a God of Truth, that treachery an|d untruth bring misfortune on those who practise them, and that it is incumbent on every tru|e adherent of the teaching of Moses to avoid all falsehood and duplicity. Alexander would per|haps have been satisfied with the explanation offered by the High Priest Jedua, had it not be|en for the Samaritans, who, whilst practising all sorts of idolatry, were at the same time an|xious to unite with the Jews, and to be considered as a portion of that body. When the Jews r|epudiated them, they sought to set up a temple of their own on the model of the Jerusalem Tem|ple. Menasseh, a brother of Jedua, formerly a priest, having married a Samaritan woman, the d|aughter of a Samaritan governor, was deprived of his office of priest in the temple, and wa|s naturally all the more anxious to set up an opposition temple, in which he could exercise h|is priestly function. The Samaritans therefore strained every nerve to excite Alexander's ill|will against the Jews, and to obtain his sanction for the erection of a temple on Mount Geriz|im.|Sanblat, the Governor of Samaria, and father-in-law of Menasseh, the expelled priest, sough|t audience of Alexander, and took the opportunity to give his version of the motives of Jedua|, the High Priest, in refusing Alexander's requests. He maintained that loyalty to Darius wa|s not the motive of the refusal, as the Jews, he said, knew nothing of loyalty, but, on the c|ontrary, would overthrow every throne not occupied by one of their own people if they had th|e power. He said that they were priest-ridden, and that if there were any who|p. 11|would join his (Alexander's) army, they dared not venture it, as that would exclude them fro|m participating in the Temple service, which to them meant moral death. If he (the Macedonian|) would only secure an alternative to the Jerusalem Temple by sanctioning the opposition Temp|le which the Samaritans were anxious to set up, this would bring large numbers from Jerusale|m to the new Temple; and the newcomers, no longer fearing exclusion from the Jerusalem servic|e, would gladly join with the Samaritans the banner of the great conqueror Alexander. It is p|erhaps not surprising that the Macedonian conqueror was much impressed with this plausible ve|rsion, especially when the Samaritans, as an earnest of their acceptance of and adhesion to t|he new state of affairs, deserted en masse the ranks of the crushed Darius, and went over t|o Alexander's army.|The desired permission for the building of the Gerizim Temple was granted, and the work was t|aken in band. Soon afterwards, however, the governor, who was a man of advanced age, died. Ty|re could no longer resist the severe siege, and, as predicted by the prophet (Is. 27), it cap|itulated. Indescribable slaughter and ravage took place within its walls; the town was laid i|n ruins, and its heroes were either slaughtered or taken as slaves.|Alexander now turned his attention to the punishment of the Jews, and started with his ever-v|ictorious army for Jerusalem. When the news of the approach of Alexander and his formidable a|rmy reached Jerusalem, there was consternation, and despair ruled supreme amongst the inhabit|ants, one and all. The Jews took refuge, as ever, in their religion; prayer, fasting, sackclo|th and ashes were the order of the day. Confession of sin and repentance were practised dail|y by almost every person. When Alexander was but about one day's distance from Jerusalem, th|e High Priest and Elders of the Temple had the streets of the|p. 12|city beautifully decorated, the public buildings as well as the private residences were magni|ficently adorned, and they ordered the inhabitants to form two lines in the streets--one oppo|site the other--the people to appear in their holiday attire. The gates of the city were bede|cked with garlands of the finest flowers, and triumphal arches were erected. The priests, th|e Levites and the Elders, at their head the venerable High Priest Jedua in full priestly robe|s, mitre, ephod and breastplate, made their way, towards evening, to the entrance of the city|, carrying torches and candles in their hands, and a light was thrown on the brilliant assemb|ly such as eclipsed the noonday brightness of a magnificent summer's day.|Soon after their arrival at the gate, Alexander, at the head of his army, made his appearance|. He was quite astonished at the sight that met his view, and seemed to be overwhelmed on beh|olding the grand and imposing assembly that came to meet him. When he saw the High Priest, wh|o looked even as an angel in his garments, Alexander dismounted, as though impelled by an ins|tinct, bowed himself reverently, and proclaimed aloud: 'Blessed be the God whose servant yo|u are.' His army, however, having anticipated plunder rather than the sight before them, coul|d ill conceal their bewilderment at the strange turn of affairs. They could hardly believe, o|n the evidence of their own senses, that their proud monarch should bend his head so humbly a|nd so reverently before the High Priest. One of Alexander's confidential and favourite office|rs, Parmenion by name, ventured at last to ask the King why he, the proud conqueror, showed s|uch marked honour and deference to the Jewish priest.|'Listen, then,' replied Alexander, 'and I will tell you of a wonderful experience of mine. Wh|ile I was still in Macedonia I often lay awake at night, when all else was at rest, thinkin|g of a plan by which to gain mastery|p. 13|of Asia. One evening, when my thoughts were more than usually occupied with this fond schem|e of mine, I fell, exhausted by this mental strain, into a deep slumber, and saw in a visio|n an awe-inspiring man standing before me. The very sight of him seemed to instil into me cou|rage and hope, and, as though reading my very thoughts, he advised me to cross the borders o|f Greece without further hesitation, and assured me of the success of my projected undertakin|g. That vision of mine was no myth, no nightmare, not the mere phantasy of a heated brain; fo|r not only have I, since that vision, never met with anything but victory, but in the hoar-he|aded and venerable servant of the Jewish God, in his attire and in his bearing, I see no othe|r than the man of my vision. Shall I not then revere the man who was the messenger of his Go|d to lead me to victory? I am equally convinced that my destiny is to overthrow Darius, and f|or that purpose I was called to undertake this venture, and the appearance of this holy man f|oretells complete success.' After this explanation, Alexander entered Jerusalem, accompanie|d by the Jewish dignitaries who came to meet him. He was welcomed and cheered throughout by t|he population of the city. His first request was to be taken to the Temple, where he anxiousl|y inquired concerning the ceremonies and sacrifices and the manner of the services.|His curiosity was gladly satisfied, and the High Priest directed his attention also to the pa|ssage in Daniel 8. 5, where it is foretold that a Greek ruler (which term the High Priest app|lied to Alexander) would overthrow the Persian kingdom, and Alexander was exceedingly please|d with all he saw and heard. The following day the Macedonian hero summoned all the priests a|nd elders, and asked them to tell him, without restraint and hesitation, what they wished o|f him as a token of his great satisfaction at the reception given him, and as a mark of his h|igh estimation of their|p. 14|services and organization. The High Priest, who was the spokesman, asked his Majesty to gran|t them the free and unhindered exercise of their religious rites, and to waive the payment o|f taxes in the Sabbatical year, when, according to the law of Moses, no agricultural pursuit|s were allowed, and consequently there was no revenue from their lands. This was at once gran|ted; but Alexander observed from Jedua's demeanour that there was some further favour he wish|ed to obtain, but that the good man was reluctant to name it. He therefore requested the Hig|h Priest to lay all his wishes before him. The High Priest then ventured to ask that the grea|t monarch might extend his permission regarding the exercise of the religious rites by his Je|wish subjects to all other parts of his wide dominions, such as Babylon and Media, and this w|as also cheerfully granted by the great Alexander. At the express wish of the Macedonian warr|ior, a large number of the most valiant of the Jewish community joined his army, and he gav|e them permission to follow their religious observances in the camp. As a further favour, Ale|xander requested that his likeness might be framed and placed in the Temple. It was pointed o|ut to him that the Jews were strictly forbidden to have pictures and likenesses of anything w|hatever in their places of worship, and, in lieu of this, it was suggested (1) that all mal|e children born in that year throughout Jerusalem should be named Alexander, and (2) that th|e Jews should adopt a new era called the Alexander Era. That era was to commence with Octobe|r 1 of the year 312 before the Christian era. This suggestion met with Alexander's approval|, and up to the eleventh century of the Christian era this method of reckoning the years wa|s actually in force, and was known as the Era of Documents. 1|With Alexander's entry into Jerusalem began a very|p. 15|considerable improvement in the condition of the Jews. 1 The Samaritans used every subterfug|e in order to be recognized as Jews by the Macedonian hero, so that they might enjoy the priv|ileges and advantages bestowed on the latter, but they failed to convince Alexander, who reme|mbered their efforts to prejudice him against the Jews, that they were of the same people. 'I|f you are indeed Jews,' he asked, 'how is it that you are not known by that name?' 'We are,|' they insisted, 'descendants of the Patriarch Jacob, and Israel's God is our God; but the Si|domites call us Samaritans, and we are also known to them by the name of Shechemites, after o|ur capital Shechem.'|Alexander was not satisfied with their answer, and told them that he could not recognize the|m as Jews, and to the Jews alone he had granted the privileges which the Samaritans sought t|o obtain. He asked them to leave the matter in abeyance till his return from the long journe|y he was about to undertake, and on his return he would thoroughly investigate their claim, a|nd then see that justice was done to them. The Samaritans were dissatisfied with Alexander'|s treatment of them, and they rebelled and burned the Governor Andromachus in his own palace|. Alexander's anger at this was very great; he returned, put to death the leaders, exiled a n|umber of Samaritans to Egypt, where they formed a colony in Thebais, and handed a large numbe|r of them over to the Jews as slaves, as a reward for their tried loyalty.|Alexander of Macedonia, be it remembered, was by no means a mere uncouth warrior whose knowle|dge did not extend beyond the narrow compass of the battlefield, for the vast dominion of ar|t and science was an open book to him. From his thirteenth to his eighteenth|p. 16|year he was a pupil of Aristotle, who guided him through all branches of wisdom and knowledge|, and inspired in him a love for Homer's works, which in fact he always carried with him. A|s a consequence, he naturally had a longing for intercourse with the educated and learned me|n of every place which he visited. Arrived in the South, his first step was to have the men d|istinguished for their wisdom brought before him. To them he put the following ten questions|: (1) Which is the longer distance--from the earth to the skies, or from the east of the worl|d to the west? Answer: The last-mentioned is the longer, because if the sun stands in the Eas|t or in the West, then he is perceived in the half of each sphere; but if he is in the centr|e of the sky, then he is not visible everywhere. Consequently he must be higher in the forme|r case than in the latter. (2) Which was created first--the heavens or the earth? Answer: Th|e Almighty clearly commenced His work with the heavens, for is it not said, 'In the beginnin|g God created the heavens and the earth'? (3) Who is truly wise? Answer: He who can foresee t|he result of his acts is truly a wise man. (4) Who is truly strong? Answer: Strength is in th|e possession of him who can overcome his passions. (5) Who can be considered truly rich? Answ|er: Truly rich is he who possesses contentment. (6) How can man acquire true life? Answer: Tr|ue life can be obtained by deadening one's passions. (7) What hastens man's death? Answer: In|dulgence in earthly pleasures. (8) How can man obtain the love of his fellow-men? Answer: B|y not seeking supremacy over them. Alexander felt himself hit by this answer, and said, 'I a|m not of your opinion in this respect. My idea is that, in order to obtain the love of one'|s fellow-man, one must acquire might and power, and use them with discretion.' (9) Which is t|he more agreeable abode--on land or water? Answer: Surely on land, because seafaring men ar|e not happy and contented|p. 17|till they reach land. (10) Who amongst you is considered the wisest? Answer: In this respec|t we are unable to give any one the preference, as you may have observed that our answers wer|e unanimous and simultaneous.|Alexander proceeded in argument with the wise men. 'Why,' he asked, 'are you so averse to hea|thenism, seeing that the heathens greatly outnumber you?' To which he received the reply tha|t it is just the multitude, the masses, who are apt to lose sight of truth, and it is only gi|ven to a comparative few to perceive and understand pure truth. 'But,' he continued, 'it is i|n my power to destroy the whole of you.' 'No doubt,' was the answer, 'you possess the power t|o do so, but we are not apprehensive on that point, having once received the promise of you|r protection.' He then consulted them concerning his projected journey to Africa. The wise me|n answered, 'That you cannot reach, as it lies beyond the dark mountains, which no human foo|t can traverse.' The king seemed to be piqued by this, and said, 'I do not ask you whethe|r I shall or can traverse those mountains. My mind is made up, and there is no resistance t|o my will. What I want to know is the best means known to man for undertaking this formidabl|e expedition.' The wise men advised him to the best of their knowledge. Part of their advic|e was to procure certain draught animals from Libya, which possess the faculty of seeing thei|r way in darkness. The king, having adopted all the necessary measures, started for Africa. H|e arrived at a place called the land of Amazon, whose inhabitants consisted only of women, t|o whom he sent a declaration of war. The women sent a message to him that a war with them cou|ld only be an inglorious one, inasmuch as if he were victorious a victory over women could no|t bring him either fame or honour; whereas if they should be victorious, that would surely br|ing disgrace upon him.|p. 18|The king saw the wisdom of their argument, and gave up the idea of war, but bade them suppl|y him with bread. The women brought him lumps of gold in the shape of loaves of bread. The ki|ng said in amazement 'Do you use this metal as bread?' They answered 'You surely have not com|e all this distance merely for bread; is there no bread in your own country?'|Alexander took his departure thence, but, before starting, he wrote on the gate of the city|: 'I, Alexander of Macedonia, was a simpleton until I arrived at this gate, where I learnt wi|sdom from women.' He next arrived at Katzia, where also he was met with presents of gold. '|I want no gold of yours,' said Alexander to the chief. 'And to what other purpose have you co|me all this great distance?' was the answer, given in the shape of a question. 'I have come,|' said Alexander, 'to become acquainted with your manners and customs, especially with your a|dministration of justice.'|A remarkable case of litigation happened to be in progress in the place at this time. A man w|ho had bought a house of another found in its precincts a treasure-trove, which he took bac|k to the seller, saying: 'This is yours; I bought the house only, and not what may be found i|n it.' The other, in refusing to accept the proffered treasure, argued that he sold the house|, and the buyer was the rightful owner of all that might be found in it. The judge gave his d|ecision that the son of the purchaser of the house should marry the daughter of the seller, a|nd the young couple should receive the treasure as a dowry. As Alexander expressed his wonde|r at and approval of the wise verdict, he was asked by the judge how a similar suit would b|e decided in his own country. 'In my country,' replied Alexander, 'the treasure would be take|n by the Crown, and both parties would be deterred by the threat of death from laying any cla|im to it.' 'How,' said the judge, 'have you also rain and sunshine in your|p. 19|country?' 'Surely,' replied Alexander. 'And you possess also animals and fowls?' 'Why not?' a|sked the Macedonian. 'Then,' remarked the judge, I must suppose that the purpose of the rai|n and sunshine in your land is to sustain those harmless creatures; for you, the human inhabi|tants, judging by your perverseness and injustice, are unworthy of such blessed gifts of natu|re.'|One day they arrived at a river, and as his servants were washing off the salt of the fish, w|hich they carried with them for their august master, in the water of the river, they saw tha|t life was returning to the fishes. When the marvellous event was reported to Alexander, he d|etermined to find the source of that river. He pursued his way, and at last found a gate, whe|re he demanded admittance. The answer he received to his demand was: 'This is the gate of th|e Lord; the righteous shall enter therein,' and he concluded that it must be the gate of Para|dise. As all his pleadings did not gain him admittance, he asked for some article from the pl|ace as a token of his having arrived there. A lump of gold in the shape of a human eye was ha|nded out to him, and on putting it in the scales to ascertain its remarkable weight, he foun|d that whatever weight he might put on the opposite scale, it would not turn the scale on whi|ch the golden eye was put. As soon as he met with the Rabbis again, he asked them to unriddl|e this remarkable thing. The Rabbis told him to put a little earth over the eye, and its weig|ht would vanish. They explained that the eye was a perfect type of the human eye, which, as t|he wise king tells us (Prov. 27.), is never satisfied, until a little earth is put over it (i|n death), and its everlasting hunger ceases. 1|p. 20|Alexander returned home from his great adventures through the wilderness and went to Egypt, w|here he built the city of Alexandria. He was anxious for the Jews, whom he held in high estee|m for their bravery and loyalty, to be among the settlers of the great city. Once, some Afric|an tribe and some descendants of Ishmael laid complaints before him against the Jews. The Afr|icans claimed the possession of Palestine, basing their claim on Numbers 34. 2 and on their b|eing descendants of Canaan; they maintained that they had an undisputed right to the countr|y of their ancestor. The sons of Ishmael, too, put in a claim to the possession of at leas|t a portion of Palestine, as the land was promised to their grandfather Abraham (Gen. 25. 13)|. And so the Egyptians bethought themselves of their claim against the Jews, and referred als|o to a Scriptural passage (Exod. 12. 36).|Alexander had the elders of the Jews summoned to him, and mentioned the claims of the respect|ive parties against them. The Jews selected one named Gebeha, son of Psisa, as their defender|. He faced the plaintiffs, and said: 'You have each based your claims on Scripture; I, too, w|ill plead against you out of the books of Moses, our lawgiver. Regarding the Canaanites, we h|ave it in Genesis 9. 25 that Canaan was cursed and was made a slave to his brothers. A slav|e can possess no property of his own. As to the demand of the Ishmaelites, we have it also o|n the same authority (Gen. 25. 5) that Abraham presented Isaac with all his possessions, an|d to the children of his concubines he made presents and sent them away from his son Isaac.|'Against the claims of the Egyptians, we have a huge counterclaim. The second book of Moses m|entions the|p. 21|time of the Jewish compulsory servitude in Egypt as 430 years. We are fully prepared to resto|re the value of what we carried away from Egypt, if the Egyptians will pay us the wages of 60|0,000 men, whom they compelled to work for them for the period mentioned.'|Alexander demanded a reply on the part of the three claimants against the Jewish arguments, w|ithin three days, if they did not wish to be punished for making fictitious claims.|Nothing more was heard of the claims. 1 The Jews rose in Alexander's esteem daily, and he gav|e them the most beautiful part of the city, on the banks of the river, as their quarter, an|d granted them the full rights of citizenship. The Jewish community increased greatly in weal|th and numbers. A year later, at the battle of Arbela, a town in Chaldea, Alexander entirel|y annihilated the Persian empire. After more wars and conquests, he died suddenly at the ag|e of thirty-three. His death was brought about as much by revelry as by his many cares and bo|dily exhaustion. Some of his generals contended for his throne; he was left unburied for som|e time, and eventually no royal burial was his portion. The Macedonian monarchy was divided a|mongst four of his generals.--Midr. Rabba Gen. 33; Lev. 27. and Tanchuma Emmor, etc.||Footnotes|14:1 See Rapoport's Erech Millin, page 73.|15:1 There is a difference in the dates mentioned in the Talmud. In Taanis it i|s stated as the 21st Kislev, and in Yoma 69 as the 28th of Tebeth.|19:1 This allegory was conspicuously applicable to Alexander's career and charact|er. However extensive were his conquests, he longed for more and was never satisfied, not eve|r after the p. 20 plundering of Asia, not after receiving, in consequence of his great conque|sts, the appellation of 'the great.' But with his death, his and his country's greatness ceas|ed, the monstrous possessions were cut up, and none of his kin ascended the throne.|21:1 Different dates are given for the above event. In Sanhed 91. it is given a|s the 24th of Nisson, and in Taanis as the 25th of Sivon.||Next: Demons |(http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/tmm/tmm03.htm)
deat: 10 Jun 0323 BC
marr:
marr:
 Associates of Princess Roxanna of Darius II 
birt: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
 
  Twenty-seventh Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt
  birt: 0525 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 0404 BC
  Darius II Nothos (Ochos) (Darayavahush) (Ochus) of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I|King|Darius Nothus (Darius the Bastard)|King of Persia 
  birt: 0475 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)|Darius is the Latin form of Dareios, the Greek for of a Persian name, Darayavahash, which mea|nt roughly "To be Rich" from "daraymiy" (to hold) and "vahu" (well); Italian: Dario; Spanish|: Dario.|Royalty:|Darius I the Great (584 BC-486 BC) -- King of Persia.|Darius II Ochus (?-404 BC) -- King of Persia.|Darius III Codommanus (?-330 BC) -- King of Persia. Last king of the Achaemenid dynasty. Defe|ated by Alexander the Great.
deat: 0404 BC
plac: Babylon (Iraq) Ruled 0424 - 0404 BC|0336 BC
marr:
  Oxanthres of Darius II of Artaxerxes I|Prince|Prince of Persia 
  birt: ABT 0450 BC
plac: Sogdia
deat: DECEASED
 
    Artaxerxes I (Longimanus) (Makrocheir) (Artakhshassa) of Xerxes I of Darius I|King|King of Persia
    birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)||Artaxerxes by Plutarch|ARTAXERXES|437-359 B.C.|by Plutarch|translated by John Dryden||ARTAXERXES -|THE first Artaxerxes, among all the kings of Persia the most remarkable for a gentle and nobl|e spirit, was surnamed the Long-handed, his right hand being longer than his left, and was th|e son of Xerxes. The second, whose story I am now writing, who had the surname of the Mindful|, was the grandson of the former, by his daughter Parysatis, who brought Darius four sons, th|e eldest Artaxerxes, the next Cyrus, and two younger than these, Ostanes and Oxathres. Cyru|s took his name of the ancient Cyrus, as he, they say, had his from the sun, which, in the Pe|rsian language, is called Cyrus. Artaxerxes was at first called Arsicas; Dinon says Oarses; b|ut it is utterly improbable that Ctesias (however otherwise he may have filled his books wit|h a perfect farrago of incredible and senseless fables) should be ignorant of the name of th|e king with whom he lived as his physician, attending upon himself, his wife, his mother, an|d his children.||Cyrus, from his earliest youth, showed something of a headstrong and vehement character; Arta|xerxes, on the other side, was gentler in everything, and of a nature more yielding and sof|t in its action. He married a beautiful and virtuous wife, at the desire of his parents, bu|t kept her as expressly against their wishes.|...[MUCH MORE]|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Artaxerxes/)
deat: 0424 BC
plac: Persia (Iran) Ruled 0464 - 0424 BC
marr:
marr: Concubine
marr:
marr:
   Parysatis, daughter of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I|Parysatis of Persia 
  birt: ABT 0475 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 
   Andia (Andria), daughter of Nebuchadnezzar III of Nebuchadnezzar II
  birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Babylon
deat: DECEASED
marr: Concubine
 Roxanna (Roxane) (Roxana), daughter of Oxathres of Darius II|Princess 
birt: ABT 0400 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
marr:

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AKA Princess (Roxanna) Rosane of Darius II

 
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 Greco-Roman Rulers of Egypt 
 birt: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 Alexander III of Philip II of Amyntas III|King|King of Macedonia 
 birt: Jul 0356 BC
plac: Pella, Macedonia, Greece|Alexander by Plutarch|75 AD|ALEXANDER|356-323 B.C.|by Plutarch|translated by John Dryden|ALEXANDER -|IT being my purpose to write the lives of Alexander the king, and of Caesar, by whom Pompey w|as destroyed, the multitude of their great actions affords so large a field that I were to bl|ame if I should not by way of apology forewarn my reader that I have chosen rather to epitomi|ze the most celebrated parts of their story, than to insist at large on every particular circ|umstance of it. It must be borne in mind that my design is not to write histories, but lives.|...|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Alexander/)|Sacred Texts <../../index.htm> Judaism <../index.htm> Index Previous Next ||p. 8|ALEXANDER OF MACEDON|THE great conqueror Alexander the Macedonian, the son of Philip, who, at the instigation of t|he Persians, was assassinated by Pisanius, when yet a boy showed great thirst for conquest. W|hen he heard of his father's conquests he wept bitterly, complaining that by the time he assu|med the crown there would be so little for him to conquer. He was barely twenty years old whe|n he ascended the throne, but he knew well how to make his power felt. He soon conquered th|e Thracians, as well as the rebellious Thebans, and his heroic qualities developed so rapidl|y that he was appointed by the Greeks as military chief in their wars against the Persians. U|ninterrupted success followed his arms, and had he not died at a comparatively early age he w|ould probably have conquered what was then known as the whole world. His victory over the Per|sian General Memnon, on the river Granicus, in the North-West of Asia Minor, opened for him t|he road into the interior of further Asia. He was not slow to take advantage of the opportuni|ty, and pushed rapidly through the States of Asia Minor, through Lydia and Ionia to Pamphylia|. In the latter, near Issus, he gained a brilliant victory over Darius the Third, also know|n as Codomanus, who narrowly escaped death, leaving his mother, his wife and his children i|n the hands of the conqueror.|The Macedonian hero, with his troops intoxicated with victory after victory, now entered Syri|a, not so much in pursuit of Darius as with a view to extending|p. 9|his conquests. He took Damascus and Sidon, and attacked Tyre, so as to become master of the s|ea also.|That city, however, being very strongly fortified, and being on one side protected by the sea|, offered a stubborn resistance, and Alexander found himself compelled to embark on a long si|ege. In order to prevent any untoward event during the siege, Alexander was anxious to ensur|e immunity from the neighbouring State.|He therefore sent a message to Jerusalem, with a letter to the High Priest Jedua with the fol|lowing requests: (1) To supply him with troops; (2) to allow free traffic between the Macedon|ian army and Jerusalem; (3) to give him every possible assistance, such as had been granted t|o Darius. A hint was also thrown out that the High Priest would do well to consider whose fri|endship and goodwill was of greater value--that of the victor, or that of the vanquished.|The letter further expressed Alexander's anticipation of having these modest requests granted|, and assured the Jews that they would have no reason to regret compliance. The Jews could no|t but know that it would be greatly to their advantage to be on good terms with this famous h|ero, and that the beaten Persian could neither benefit nor injure them. Yet they did not fee|l justified in deserting the Persians. The High Priest therefore indited something like the f|ollowing answer:--|'Recognition and high esteem are undoubtedly due to so glorious a hero, yet for the present t|he Jews of Jerusalem cannot comply with his wishes, for these reasons: We Jews have promise|d our loyalty, on our oath, to Darius. So long as that Prince lives the oath has its force, a|nd the Jews could commit no sin so grievous as wilful perjury, seeing that one of their comma|ndments, with which God has entrusted them, is this: "Thou shalt not take the name of the Lor|d thy God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless|p. 10|that taketh His name in vain."' The High Priest moreover mentioned instances--such as Zedekia|h, the last King of Judah, who became disloyal to the Babylonian ruler, his former allegianc|e notwithstanding, and brought calamity upon himself and upon Judea. He further pointed out t|hat Moses' teaching tends to show that the God of Israel is a God of Truth, that treachery an|d untruth bring misfortune on those who practise them, and that it is incumbent on every tru|e adherent of the teaching of Moses to avoid all falsehood and duplicity. Alexander would per|haps have been satisfied with the explanation offered by the High Priest Jedua, had it not be|en for the Samaritans, who, whilst practising all sorts of idolatry, were at the same time an|xious to unite with the Jews, and to be considered as a portion of that body. When the Jews r|epudiated them, they sought to set up a temple of their own on the model of the Jerusalem Tem|ple. Menasseh, a brother of Jedua, formerly a priest, having married a Samaritan woman, the d|aughter of a Samaritan governor, was deprived of his office of priest in the temple, and wa|s naturally all the more anxious to set up an opposition temple, in which he could exercise h|is priestly function. The Samaritans therefore strained every nerve to excite Alexander's ill|will against the Jews, and to obtain his sanction for the erection of a temple on Mount Geriz|im.|Sanblat, the Governor of Samaria, and father-in-law of Menasseh, the expelled priest, sough|t audience of Alexander, and took the opportunity to give his version of the motives of Jedua|, the High Priest, in refusing Alexander's requests. He maintained that loyalty to Darius wa|s not the motive of the refusal, as the Jews, he said, knew nothing of loyalty, but, on the c|ontrary, would overthrow every throne not occupied by one of their own people if they had th|e power. He said that they were priest-ridden, and that if there were any who|p. 11|would join his (Alexander's) army, they dared not venture it, as that would exclude them fro|m participating in the Temple service, which to them meant moral death. If he (the Macedonian|) would only secure an alternative to the Jerusalem Temple by sanctioning the opposition Temp|le which the Samaritans were anxious to set up, this would bring large numbers from Jerusale|m to the new Temple; and the newcomers, no longer fearing exclusion from the Jerusalem servic|e, would gladly join with the Samaritans the banner of the great conqueror Alexander. It is p|erhaps not surprising that the Macedonian conqueror was much impressed with this plausible ve|rsion, especially when the Samaritans, as an earnest of their acceptance of and adhesion to t|he new state of affairs, deserted en masse the ranks of the crushed Darius, and went over t|o Alexander's army.|The desired permission for the building of the Gerizim Temple was granted, and the work was t|aken in band. Soon afterwards, however, the governor, who was a man of advanced age, died. Ty|re could no longer resist the severe siege, and, as predicted by the prophet (Is. 27), it cap|itulated. Indescribable slaughter and ravage took place within its walls; the town was laid i|n ruins, and its heroes were either slaughtered or taken as slaves.|Alexander now turned his attention to the punishment of the Jews, and started with his ever-v|ictorious army for Jerusalem. When the news of the approach of Alexander and his formidable a|rmy reached Jerusalem, there was consternation, and despair ruled supreme amongst the inhabit|ants, one and all. The Jews took refuge, as ever, in their religion; prayer, fasting, sackclo|th and ashes were the order of the day. Confession of sin and repentance were practised dail|y by almost every person. When Alexander was but about one day's distance from Jerusalem, th|e High Priest and Elders of the Temple had the streets of the|p. 12|city beautifully decorated, the public buildings as well as the private residences were magni|ficently adorned, and they ordered the inhabitants to form two lines in the streets--one oppo|site the other--the people to appear in their holiday attire. The gates of the city were bede|cked with garlands of the finest flowers, and triumphal arches were erected. The priests, th|e Levites and the Elders, at their head the venerable High Priest Jedua in full priestly robe|s, mitre, ephod and breastplate, made their way, towards evening, to the entrance of the city|, carrying torches and candles in their hands, and a light was thrown on the brilliant assemb|ly such as eclipsed the noonday brightness of a magnificent summer's day.|Soon after their arrival at the gate, Alexander, at the head of his army, made his appearance|. He was quite astonished at the sight that met his view, and seemed to be overwhelmed on beh|olding the grand and imposing assembly that came to meet him. When he saw the High Priest, wh|o looked even as an angel in his garments, Alexander dismounted, as though impelled by an ins|tinct, bowed himself reverently, and proclaimed aloud: 'Blessed be the God whose servant yo|u are.' His army, however, having anticipated plunder rather than the sight before them, coul|d ill conceal their bewilderment at the strange turn of affairs. They could hardly believe, o|n the evidence of their own senses, that their proud monarch should bend his head so humbly a|nd so reverently before the High Priest. One of Alexander's confidential and favourite office|rs, Parmenion by name, ventured at last to ask the King why he, the proud conqueror, showed s|uch marked honour and deference to the Jewish priest.|'Listen, then,' replied Alexander, 'and I will tell you of a wonderful experience of mine. Wh|ile I was still in Macedonia I often lay awake at night, when all else was at rest, thinkin|g of a plan by which to gain mastery|p. 13|of Asia. One evening, when my thoughts were more than usually occupied with this fond schem|e of mine, I fell, exhausted by this mental strain, into a deep slumber, and saw in a visio|n an awe-inspiring man standing before me. The very sight of him seemed to instil into me cou|rage and hope, and, as though reading my very thoughts, he advised me to cross the borders o|f Greece without further hesitation, and assured me of the success of my projected undertakin|g. That vision of mine was no myth, no nightmare, not the mere phantasy of a heated brain; fo|r not only have I, since that vision, never met with anything but victory, but in the hoar-he|aded and venerable servant of the Jewish God, in his attire and in his bearing, I see no othe|r than the man of my vision. Shall I not then revere the man who was the messenger of his Go|d to lead me to victory? I am equally convinced that my destiny is to overthrow Darius, and f|or that purpose I was called to undertake this venture, and the appearance of this holy man f|oretells complete success.' After this explanation, Alexander entered Jerusalem, accompanie|d by the Jewish dignitaries who came to meet him. He was welcomed and cheered throughout by t|he population of the city. His first request was to be taken to the Temple, where he anxiousl|y inquired concerning the ceremonies and sacrifices and the manner of the services.|His curiosity was gladly satisfied, and the High Priest directed his attention also to the pa|ssage in Daniel 8. 5, where it is foretold that a Greek ruler (which term the High Priest app|lied to Alexander) would overthrow the Persian kingdom, and Alexander was exceedingly please|d with all he saw and heard. The following day the Macedonian hero summoned all the priests a|nd elders, and asked them to tell him, without restraint and hesitation, what they wished o|f him as a token of his great satisfaction at the reception given him, and as a mark of his h|igh estimation of their|p. 14|services and organization. The High Priest, who was the spokesman, asked his Majesty to gran|t them the free and unhindered exercise of their religious rites, and to waive the payment o|f taxes in the Sabbatical year, when, according to the law of Moses, no agricultural pursuit|s were allowed, and consequently there was no revenue from their lands. This was at once gran|ted; but Alexander observed from Jedua's demeanour that there was some further favour he wish|ed to obtain, but that the good man was reluctant to name it. He therefore requested the Hig|h Priest to lay all his wishes before him. The High Priest then ventured to ask that the grea|t monarch might extend his permission regarding the exercise of the religious rites by his Je|wish subjects to all other parts of his wide dominions, such as Babylon and Media, and this w|as also cheerfully granted by the great Alexander. At the express wish of the Macedonian warr|ior, a large number of the most valiant of the Jewish community joined his army, and he gav|e them permission to follow their religious observances in the camp. As a further favour, Ale|xander requested that his likeness might be framed and placed in the Temple. It was pointed o|ut to him that the Jews were strictly forbidden to have pictures and likenesses of anything w|hatever in their places of worship, and, in lieu of this, it was suggested (1) that all mal|e children born in that year throughout Jerusalem should be named Alexander, and (2) that th|e Jews should adopt a new era called the Alexander Era. That era was to commence with Octobe|r 1 of the year 312 before the Christian era. This suggestion met with Alexander's approval|, and up to the eleventh century of the Christian era this method of reckoning the years wa|s actually in force, and was known as the Era of Documents. 1|With Alexander's entry into Jerusalem began a very|p. 15|considerable improvement in the condition of the Jews. 1 The Samaritans used every subterfug|e in order to be recognized as Jews by the Macedonian hero, so that they might enjoy the priv|ileges and advantages bestowed on the latter, but they failed to convince Alexander, who reme|mbered their efforts to prejudice him against the Jews, that they were of the same people. 'I|f you are indeed Jews,' he asked, 'how is it that you are not known by that name?' 'We are,|' they insisted, 'descendants of the Patriarch Jacob, and Israel's God is our God; but the Si|domites call us Samaritans, and we are also known to them by the name of Shechemites, after o|ur capital Shechem.'|Alexander was not satisfied with their answer, and told them that he could not recognize the|m as Jews, and to the Jews alone he had granted the privileges which the Samaritans sought t|o obtain. He asked them to leave the matter in abeyance till his return from the long journe|y he was about to undertake, and on his return he would thoroughly investigate their claim, a|nd then see that justice was done to them. The Samaritans were dissatisfied with Alexander'|s treatment of them, and they rebelled and burned the Governor Andromachus in his own palace|. Alexander's anger at this was very great; he returned, put to death the leaders, exiled a n|umber of Samaritans to Egypt, where they formed a colony in Thebais, and handed a large numbe|r of them over to the Jews as slaves, as a reward for their tried loyalty.|Alexander of Macedonia, be it remembered, was by no means a mere uncouth warrior whose knowle|dge did not extend beyond the narrow compass of the battlefield, for the vast dominion of ar|t and science was an open book to him. From his thirteenth to his eighteenth|p. 16|year he was a pupil of Aristotle, who guided him through all branches of wisdom and knowledge|, and inspired in him a love for Homer's works, which in fact he always carried with him. A|s a consequence, he naturally had a longing for intercourse with the educated and learned me|n of every place which he visited. Arrived in the South, his first step was to have the men d|istinguished for their wisdom brought before him. To them he put the following ten questions|: (1) Which is the longer distance--from the earth to the skies, or from the east of the worl|d to the west? Answer: The last-mentioned is the longer, because if the sun stands in the Eas|t or in the West, then he is perceived in the half of each sphere; but if he is in the centr|e of the sky, then he is not visible everywhere. Consequently he must be higher in the forme|r case than in the latter. (2) Which was created first--the heavens or the earth? Answer: Th|e Almighty clearly commenced His work with the heavens, for is it not said, 'In the beginnin|g God created the heavens and the earth'? (3) Who is truly wise? Answer: He who can foresee t|he result of his acts is truly a wise man. (4) Who is truly strong? Answer: Strength is in th|e possession of him who can overcome his passions. (5) Who can be considered truly rich? Answ|er: Truly rich is he who possesses contentment. (6) How can man acquire true life? Answer: Tr|ue life can be obtained by deadening one's passions. (7) What hastens man's death? Answer: In|dulgence in earthly pleasures. (8) How can man obtain the love of his fellow-men? Answer: B|y not seeking supremacy over them. Alexander felt himself hit by this answer, and said, 'I a|m not of your opinion in this respect. My idea is that, in order to obtain the love of one'|s fellow-man, one must acquire might and power, and use them with discretion.' (9) Which is t|he more agreeable abode--on land or water? Answer: Surely on land, because seafaring men ar|e not happy and contented|p. 17|till they reach land. (10) Who amongst you is considered the wisest? Answer: In this respec|t we are unable to give any one the preference, as you may have observed that our answers wer|e unanimous and simultaneous.|Alexander proceeded in argument with the wise men. 'Why,' he asked, 'are you so averse to hea|thenism, seeing that the heathens greatly outnumber you?' To which he received the reply tha|t it is just the multitude, the masses, who are apt to lose sight of truth, and it is only gi|ven to a comparative few to perceive and understand pure truth. 'But,' he continued, 'it is i|n my power to destroy the whole of you.' 'No doubt,' was the answer, 'you possess the power t|o do so, but we are not apprehensive on that point, having once received the promise of you|r protection.' He then consulted them concerning his projected journey to Africa. The wise me|n answered, 'That you cannot reach, as it lies beyond the dark mountains, which no human foo|t can traverse.' The king seemed to be piqued by this, and said, 'I do not ask you whethe|r I shall or can traverse those mountains. My mind is made up, and there is no resistance t|o my will. What I want to know is the best means known to man for undertaking this formidabl|e expedition.' The wise men advised him to the best of their knowledge. Part of their advic|e was to procure certain draught animals from Libya, which possess the faculty of seeing thei|r way in darkness. The king, having adopted all the necessary measures, started for Africa. H|e arrived at a place called the land of Amazon, whose inhabitants consisted only of women, t|o whom he sent a declaration of war. The women sent a message to him that a war with them cou|ld only be an inglorious one, inasmuch as if he were victorious a victory over women could no|t bring him either fame or honour; whereas if they should be victorious, that would surely br|ing disgrace upon him.|p. 18|The king saw the wisdom of their argument, and gave up the idea of war, but bade them suppl|y him with bread. The women brought him lumps of gold in the shape of loaves of bread. The ki|ng said in amazement 'Do you use this metal as bread?' They answered 'You surely have not com|e all this distance merely for bread; is there no bread in your own country?'|Alexander took his departure thence, but, before starting, he wrote on the gate of the city|: 'I, Alexander of Macedonia, was a simpleton until I arrived at this gate, where I learnt wi|sdom from women.' He next arrived at Katzia, where also he was met with presents of gold. '|I want no gold of yours,' said Alexander to the chief. 'And to what other purpose have you co|me all this great distance?' was the answer, given in the shape of a question. 'I have come,|' said Alexander, 'to become acquainted with your manners and customs, especially with your a|dministration of justice.'|A remarkable case of litigation happened to be in progress in the place at this time. A man w|ho had bought a house of another found in its precincts a treasure-trove, which he took bac|k to the seller, saying: 'This is yours; I bought the house only, and not what may be found i|n it.' The other, in refusing to accept the proffered treasure, argued that he sold the house|, and the buyer was the rightful owner of all that might be found in it. The judge gave his d|ecision that the son of the purchaser of the house should marry the daughter of the seller, a|nd the young couple should receive the treasure as a dowry. As Alexander expressed his wonde|r at and approval of the wise verdict, he was asked by the judge how a similar suit would b|e decided in his own country. 'In my country,' replied Alexander, 'the treasure would be take|n by the Crown, and both parties would be deterred by the threat of death from laying any cla|im to it.' 'How,' said the judge, 'have you also rain and sunshine in your|p. 19|country?' 'Surely,' replied Alexander. 'And you possess also animals and fowls?' 'Why not?' a|sked the Macedonian. 'Then,' remarked the judge, I must suppose that the purpose of the rai|n and sunshine in your land is to sustain those harmless creatures; for you, the human inhabi|tants, judging by your perverseness and injustice, are unworthy of such blessed gifts of natu|re.'|One day they arrived at a river, and as his servants were washing off the salt of the fish, w|hich they carried with them for their august master, in the water of the river, they saw tha|t life was returning to the fishes. When the marvellous event was reported to Alexander, he d|etermined to find the source of that river. He pursued his way, and at last found a gate, whe|re he demanded admittance. The answer he received to his demand was: 'This is the gate of th|e Lord; the righteous shall enter therein,' and he concluded that it must be the gate of Para|dise. As all his pleadings did not gain him admittance, he asked for some article from the pl|ace as a token of his having arrived there. A lump of gold in the shape of a human eye was ha|nded out to him, and on putting it in the scales to ascertain its remarkable weight, he foun|d that whatever weight he might put on the opposite scale, it would not turn the scale on whi|ch the golden eye was put. As soon as he met with the Rabbis again, he asked them to unriddl|e this remarkable thing. The Rabbis told him to put a little earth over the eye, and its weig|ht would vanish. They explained that the eye was a perfect type of the human eye, which, as t|he wise king tells us (Prov. 27.), is never satisfied, until a little earth is put over it (i|n death), and its everlasting hunger ceases. 1|p. 20|Alexander returned home from his great adventures through the wilderness and went to Egypt, w|here he built the city of Alexandria. He was anxious for the Jews, whom he held in high estee|m for their bravery and loyalty, to be among the settlers of the great city. Once, some Afric|an tribe and some descendants of Ishmael laid complaints before him against the Jews. The Afr|icans claimed the possession of Palestine, basing their claim on Numbers 34. 2 and on their b|eing descendants of Canaan; they maintained that they had an undisputed right to the countr|y of their ancestor. The sons of Ishmael, too, put in a claim to the possession of at leas|t a portion of Palestine, as the land was promised to their grandfather Abraham (Gen. 25. 13)|. And so the Egyptians bethought themselves of their claim against the Jews, and referred als|o to a Scriptural passage (Exod. 12. 36).|Alexander had the elders of the Jews summoned to him, and mentioned the claims of the respect|ive parties against them. The Jews selected one named Gebeha, son of Psisa, as their defender|. He faced the plaintiffs, and said: 'You have each based your claims on Scripture; I, too, w|ill plead against you out of the books of Moses, our lawgiver. Regarding the Canaanites, we h|ave it in Genesis 9. 25 that Canaan was cursed and was made a slave to his brothers. A slav|e can possess no property of his own. As to the demand of the Ishmaelites, we have it also o|n the same authority (Gen. 25. 5) that Abraham presented Isaac with all his possessions, an|d to the children of his concubines he made presents and sent them away from his son Isaac.|'Against the claims of the Egyptians, we have a huge counterclaim. The second book of Moses m|entions the|p. 21|time of the Jewish compulsory servitude in Egypt as 430 years. We are fully prepared to resto|re the value of what we carried away from Egypt, if the Egyptians will pay us the wages of 60|0,000 men, whom they compelled to work for them for the period mentioned.'|Alexander demanded a reply on the part of the three claimants against the Jewish arguments, w|ithin three days, if they did not wish to be punished for making fictitious claims.|Nothing more was heard of the claims. 1 The Jews rose in Alexander's esteem daily, and he gav|e them the most beautiful part of the city, on the banks of the river, as their quarter, an|d granted them the full rights of citizenship. The Jewish community increased greatly in weal|th and numbers. A year later, at the battle of Arbela, a town in Chaldea, Alexander entirel|y annihilated the Persian empire. After more wars and conquests, he died suddenly at the ag|e of thirty-three. His death was brought about as much by revelry as by his many cares and bo|dily exhaustion. Some of his generals contended for his throne; he was left unburied for som|e time, and eventually no royal burial was his portion. The Macedonian monarchy was divided a|mongst four of his generals.--Midr. Rabba Gen. 33; Lev. 27. and Tanchuma Emmor, etc.||Footnotes|14:1 See Rapoport's Erech Millin, page 73.|15:1 There is a difference in the dates mentioned in the Talmud. In Taanis it i|s stated as the 21st Kislev, and in Yoma 69 as the 28th of Tebeth.|19:1 This allegory was conspicuously applicable to Alexander's career and charact|er. However extensive were his conquests, he longed for more and was never satisfied, not eve|r after the p. 20 plundering of Asia, not after receiving, in consequence of his great conque|sts, the appellation of 'the great.' But with his death, his and his country's greatness ceas|ed, the monstrous possessions were cut up, and none of his kin ascended the throne.|21:1 Different dates are given for the above event. In Sanhed 91. it is given a|s the 24th of Nisson, and in Taanis as the 25th of Sivon.||Next: Demons |(http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/tmm/tmm03.htm)
deat: 10 Jun 0323 BC
marr:
marr:
 AKA Princess (Roxanna) Rosane of Darius II 
birt: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
 
  Twenty-seventh Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt
  birt: 0525 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 0404 BC
  Darius II Nothos (Ochos) (Darayavahush) (Ochus) of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I|King|Darius Nothus (Darius the Bastard)|King of Persia 
  birt: 0475 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)|Darius is the Latin form of Dareios, the Greek for of a Persian name, Darayavahash, which mea|nt roughly "To be Rich" from "daraymiy" (to hold) and "vahu" (well); Italian: Dario; Spanish|: Dario.|Royalty:|Darius I the Great (584 BC-486 BC) -- King of Persia.|Darius II Ochus (?-404 BC) -- King of Persia.|Darius III Codommanus (?-330 BC) -- King of Persia. Last king of the Achaemenid dynasty. Defe|ated by Alexander the Great.
deat: 0404 BC
plac: Babylon (Iraq) Ruled 0424 - 0404 BC|0336 BC
marr:
  Oxanthres of Darius II of Artaxerxes I|Prince|Prince of Persia 
  birt: ABT 0450 BC
plac: Sogdia
deat: DECEASED
 
    Artaxerxes I (Longimanus) (Makrocheir) (Artakhshassa) of Xerxes I of Darius I|King|King of Persia
    birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)||Artaxerxes by Plutarch|ARTAXERXES|437-359 B.C.|by Plutarch|translated by John Dryden||ARTAXERXES -|THE first Artaxerxes, among all the kings of Persia the most remarkable for a gentle and nobl|e spirit, was surnamed the Long-handed, his right hand being longer than his left, and was th|e son of Xerxes. The second, whose story I am now writing, who had the surname of the Mindful|, was the grandson of the former, by his daughter Parysatis, who brought Darius four sons, th|e eldest Artaxerxes, the next Cyrus, and two younger than these, Ostanes and Oxathres. Cyru|s took his name of the ancient Cyrus, as he, they say, had his from the sun, which, in the Pe|rsian language, is called Cyrus. Artaxerxes was at first called Arsicas; Dinon says Oarses; b|ut it is utterly improbable that Ctesias (however otherwise he may have filled his books wit|h a perfect farrago of incredible and senseless fables) should be ignorant of the name of th|e king with whom he lived as his physician, attending upon himself, his wife, his mother, an|d his children.||Cyrus, from his earliest youth, showed something of a headstrong and vehement character; Arta|xerxes, on the other side, was gentler in everything, and of a nature more yielding and sof|t in its action. He married a beautiful and virtuous wife, at the desire of his parents, bu|t kept her as expressly against their wishes.|...[MUCH MORE]|(http://www.4literature.net/Plutarch/Artaxerxes/)
deat: 0424 BC
plac: Persia (Iran) Ruled 0464 - 0424 BC
marr:
marr: Concubine
marr:
marr:
   Parysatis, daughter of Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I|Parysatis of Persia 
  birt: ABT 0475 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 
   Andia (Andria), daughter of Nebuchadnezzar III of Nebuchadnezzar II
  birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Babylon
deat: DECEASED
marr: Concubine
 Roxanna (Roxane) (Roxana), daughter of Oxathres of Darius II|Princess 
birt: ABT 0400 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
marr:

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AKA Prophet (Micah) Michah of Moresheth

 
 Jeremiah ben Hilkiah ben Shallum I|Prophet
 birt: ABT 0650 BC
plac: |2Ch 35:25 -|And Jeremiah lamented for Josiah: and all the singing men and the singing women spake of Josi|ah in their lamentations to this day, and made them an ordinance in Israel: and, behold, the|y are written in the lamentations.||2Ch 36:12 -|And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD his God, and humbled not himself befo|re Jeremiah the prophet speaking from the mouth of the LORD.||2Ch 36:21 - 22|To fulfil the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed her sabba|ths: for as long as she lay desolate she kept sabbath, to fulfil threescore and ten years.|Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD spoken by the mout|h of Jeremiah might be accomplished, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia|, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,||Ezr 1:1 -|Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jere|miah might be fulfilled, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he mad|e a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,||Dan 9:2 -|In the first year of his reign I Daniel understood by books the number of the years, whereo|f the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah the prophet, that he would accomplish seventy years i|n the desolations of Jerusalem.
deat: DECEASED
plac: CHAPTER XXXII4. p. 69|OF THE DEATH OF THE PROPHETS; HOW THEY DlED, AND (WHERE) EACH ONE OF THEM WAS BURIED5.||The Jews stoned Jeremiah the son of Hilkiah in Egypt, because he rebuked them for worshipp|ing idols; and the Egyptians buried him by the side of Pharaoh's palace. The Egyptians love|d him much, because he prayed and the beasts died which used to come up from the river Nile a|nd devour men. These beasts were called 'crocodiles.' When Alexander the son of Philip, the M|acedonian, came (to Egypt), he made enquiries about his grave, and took and brought him to Al|exandria. This (prophet) during his life said to the Egyptians, 'a child shall be born--tha|t is the Messiah--of a virgin, and He shall be laid in a crib2, and He will shake and cast do|wn the idols.' From that time, and until Christ was born, the Egyptians used to set a virgi|n and a baby in a crib, and to worship him, because of what Jeremiah said to them, that He sh|ould be born in a crib.||2 See Migne, Patrologiae Cursus, Ser. Gr., t. 43, col. 421; and the chapter on the going dow|n of our Lord into Egypt.|(http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bb/bb32.htm)
 Associates of Prophet Jeremiah ben Hilkiah 
 birt: ABT 0650 BC
plac: Anatoth, Benjamin, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED
 Prophetic Contemporaries of Jeremiah ben Hilkiah 
 birt: Anatoth, Benjamin, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED
 (Mikha) Micah of Morashtite|Prophet 
 birt: Moresheth-gath
deat: DECEASED
plac: CHAPTER XXXII4. p. 69|OF THE DEATH OF THE PROPHETS; HOW THEY DlED, AND (WHERE) EACH ONE OF THEM WAS BURIED5.||Micah the Morashthite (was) of the tribe of Ephraim, and was slain by Joram the son of Aha|b. This (prophet) prophesied concerning the destruction of the temple of the Jews, and the ab|rogation of the Passover on the death of the Messiah. He died in peace, and was buried in Ani|kâm.|(http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bb/bb32.htm)
 AKA Prophet (Micah) Michah of Moresheth 
birt:
deat: DECEASED

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AKA (Ebed-melech) Abdul-Malik

 
 Jeremiah ben Hilkiah ben Shallum I|Prophet
 birt: ABT 0650 BC
plac: |2Ch 35:25 -|And Jeremiah lamented for Josiah: and all the singing men and the singing women spake of Josi|ah in their lamentations to this day, and made them an ordinance in Israel: and, behold, the|y are written in the lamentations.||2Ch 36:12 -|And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD his God, and humbled not himself befo|re Jeremiah the prophet speaking from the mouth of the LORD.||2Ch 36:21 - 22|To fulfil the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed her sabba|ths: for as long as she lay desolate she kept sabbath, to fulfil threescore and ten years.|Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD spoken by the mout|h of Jeremiah might be accomplished, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia|, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,||Ezr 1:1 -|Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jere|miah might be fulfilled, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he mad|e a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,||Dan 9:2 -|In the first year of his reign I Daniel understood by books the number of the years, whereo|f the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah the prophet, that he would accomplish seventy years i|n the desolations of Jerusalem.
deat: DECEASED
plac: CHAPTER XXXII4. p. 69|OF THE DEATH OF THE PROPHETS; HOW THEY DlED, AND (WHERE) EACH ONE OF THEM WAS BURIED5.||The Jews stoned Jeremiah the son of Hilkiah in Egypt, because he rebuked them for worshipp|ing idols; and the Egyptians buried him by the side of Pharaoh's palace. The Egyptians love|d him much, because he prayed and the beasts died which used to come up from the river Nile a|nd devour men. These beasts were called 'crocodiles.' When Alexander the son of Philip, the M|acedonian, came (to Egypt), he made enquiries about his grave, and took and brought him to Al|exandria. This (prophet) during his life said to the Egyptians, 'a child shall be born--tha|t is the Messiah--of a virgin, and He shall be laid in a crib2, and He will shake and cast do|wn the idols.' From that time, and until Christ was born, the Egyptians used to set a virgi|n and a baby in a crib, and to worship him, because of what Jeremiah said to them, that He sh|ould be born in a crib.||2 See Migne, Patrologiae Cursus, Ser. Gr., t. 43, col. 421; and the chapter on the going dow|n of our Lord into Egypt.|(http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bb/bb32.htm)
 Associates of Prophet Jeremiah ben Hilkiah 
 birt: ABT 0650 BC
plac: Anatoth, Benjamin, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED
 Misc. Associates of Prophet Jeremiah ben Hilkiah 
 birt: Anatoth, Benjamin, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED
 Ebed Melech (Servant of Zedekiah) 
 birt: Ethiopia
deat: DECEASED
 AKA (Ebed-melech) Abdul-Malik 
birt: Ethiopia
deat: DECEASED

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AKA Queen (Jezebel) Izevel of Ethbaal

 
 Jehoshaphat (Yehoshaphat) (Jehochaphat) (Jehosaphat) (Josaphat) ben Asa ben Abijah|King|King of JUDAH
 birt: ABT 0900 BC
plac: Jerusalem, Judah, Judea, Southern Israel|Matt 1:8|And Asa begat Josaphat; and Josaphat begat Joram; and Joram begat Ozias;|1 Chr 3:10|And Solomon’s son was Rehoboam, Abia his son, Asa his son, Jehoshaphat his son,
deat: 0851 BC
 Associates of King Jehoshaphat ben Asa 
 birt: ABT 0900 BC
plac: Jerusalem, Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED
 Ruling Associates of King Jehoshaphat ben Asa 
 birt:
deat: DECEASED
 Ahab (Achav) ben Omri|King|King of Northern Israel, King of Israel 
 birt: ABT 0900 BC
plac: Israel|1 Kings 16:28-33|So Omri slept with his fathers, and was buried in Samaria: and Ahab his son reigned in his st|ead. And in the thirty and eighth year of Asa king of Judah began Ahab the son of Omri to rei|gn over Israel: and Ahab the son of Omri reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years|. And Ahab the son of Omri did evil in the sight of the LORD above all that were before him.|And it came to pass, as if it had been a light thing for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboa|m the son of Nebat, that he took to wife Jezebel the daughter of Ethbaal king of the Zidonian|s, and went and served Baal, and worshipped him. And he reared up an altar for Baal in the ho|use of Baal, which he had built in Samaria. And Ahab made a grove; and Ahab did more to provo|ke the LORD God of Israel to anger than all the kings of Israel that were before him.|Ahab / Achav|Ruined by his public favor: Yuma 87a|Number of mourners who accompanied his body: Bava Kamma 17a|The spirit of Navot requesting the opportunity to cause Ahab's downfall: Shabbat 149b|The eulogy for Ahab: Megillah 3a; Moed Katan 28b|Achashverosh, Nevuchadnezzar and Achav ruled over the entire world: Megillah 11a|(http://www.aishdas.org/webshas/torah/bichtav/tanach/yisrael.htm)|The land of Israel was not destroyed till the seven courts of judgment had fallen into idolat|ry, and these are they:--Jeroboam, the son of Nebat; Baasha, the son of Ahijah; Ahab, the so|n of Omri; Jehu, the son of Nimshi; Pekah, the son of Remaliah; Menahem, the son of Gadi; an|d Hoshea, the son of Elah; as it is written (Jer. xv. 9), "She that hath borne seven languish|eth: she hath given up the ghost; her sun is gone down while it is yet day; she hath been ash|amed and confounded."|--Gittin, fol. 88, col. 1.
deat: 0853 BC
plac: battle wounds
marr:
 AKA Queen (Jezebel) Izevel of Ethbaal 
birt: ABT 0900 BC
plac: Tyre and Sidon, Phoenicia
deat: DECEASED
 
 Jezebel of Ethbaal I of Sidon|Queen|Princess of Tyre, Queen of Israel 
birt: ABT 0900 BC
plac: Tyre and Sidon, Phoenicia
deat: 0840 BC
marr:

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AKA King (Nebuchadnezzar II) Nebuchadrezzar II of Nabopolassar

 
 Associates of Prophet Daniel of Judah
 birt:
deat: DECEASED
 Zedekiah (Mattaniah) ben Josiah II ben Amon|King|King of Judah (598 BC) 
 birt: ABT 0625 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel||Matt 1:11|And Josias begat Jechonias and his brethren, about the time they were carried away to Babylon|:||Jeremiah 1:3|Lived in the days of Jeremiah.||1 Chr 3:15|And the sons of Josiah were, the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah|, the fourth Shallum.||2Ki 24:17 -|And the king of Babylon made Mattaniah his father's brother king in his stead, and changed hi|s name to Zedekiah.||2 Kings 24:18|Zedekiah was twenty and one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years i|n Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.||1 Chr 3:16|And the sons of Jehoiakim: Jeconiah his son, Zedekiah his son.
deat: ABT 0586 BC
plac: Babylon, Babylonia
 Associates of King Zedekiah ben Josiah 
 birt: ABT 0625 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED
 Nebuchadnezzar II (Nabuchadrezzer) (Nabu-Na'id) (Nabu-Kudurri Usur) (Nabu-Kudurri-User) (Nidintu-Bel) of Nabopolassar|King|(Nabonidus) (Labynetus I) (Nabonedochos) (Nabonnidechus) (Nabunaita) 
 birt: 0630 BC
plac: Babylon
deat: 0539 BC
 AKA King (Nebuchadnezzar II) Nebuchadrezzar II of Nabopolassar 
birt: ABT 0630 BC
plac: Babylon
deat: DECEASED

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Labashi-Marduk of Neriglissar|King

 
 Neriglissar (Nergal-sharezer) Ruler of Babylonia|King 
 birt: ABT 0600 BC
plac: Babylon
deat: 0556 BC
marr:
 Labashi-Marduk of Neriglissar|King 
birt: ABT 0575 BC
plac: Babylon
deat: 0556 BC
 
  Zedekiah (Mattaniah) ben Josiah II ben Amon|King|King of Judah (598 BC)
  birt: ABT 0625 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel||Matt 1:11|And Josias begat Jechonias and his brethren, about the time they were carried away to Babylon|:||Jeremiah 1:3|Lived in the days of Jeremiah.||1 Chr 3:15|And the sons of Josiah were, the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah|, the fourth Shallum.||2Ki 24:17 -|And the king of Babylon made Mattaniah his father's brother king in his stead, and changed hi|s name to Zedekiah.||2 Kings 24:18|Zedekiah was twenty and one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years i|n Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.||1 Chr 3:16|And the sons of Jehoiakim: Jeconiah his son, Zedekiah his son.
deat: ABT 0586 BC
plac: Babylon, Babylonia
  Associates of King Zedekiah ben Josiah 
  birt: ABT 0625 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED
  Nebuchadnezzar II (Nabuchadrezzer) (Nabu-Na'id) (Nabu-Kudurri Usur) (Nabu-Kudurri-User) (Nidintu-Bel) of Nabopolassar|King|(Nabonidus) (Labynetus I) (Nabonedochos) (Nabonnidechus) (Nabunaita) 
  birt: 0630 BC
plac: Babylon
deat: 0539 BC
 (Daughter) of Nebuchadnezzar II of Nabopolassar 
birt: ABT 0605 BC
plac: Babylon
deat: DECEASED
marr:

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Joshua (Jeshua) (Joshuah) (Yeshua) ben Jozadak ben Seraiah|High Priest


AKA High Priest (Joshua) Jeshua ben Josedech
birt: ABT 0500 BC
deat: DECEASED


< Sons of High Priest Joshua ben Jozadak
birt: ABT 0475 BC
plac: |Ezr 10:18 -|And among the sons of the priests there were found that had taken strange wives: namely, of t|he sons of Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brethren; Maaseiah, and Eliezer, and Jarib, an|d GEDALIAH.|Accordingly, when the three men left the furnace which they did not do until Nebuchadnezzar i|nvited them to leave the heathen struck all the Jews they met in the face, deriding them at t|he same time: "You who have so marvellous a God pay homage to an idol!" The three men thereup|on left Babylonia and went to Palestine, where they joined their friend, the high priest JOSH|UA. ...|...|The most notorious Jewish sinners were the two false prophets Ahab and Zedekiah. ...Nebuchadn|ezzar decided to subject them to the same fiery test as he had decreed for the three pious co|mpanions of Daniel. To be fair toward them, the King permitted them to choose a third fellow-|sufferer, some pious man to share their lot. Seeing no escape, Ahab and Zedekiah asked for JO|SHUA, later the high priest, as their companion in the furnace, in the hope that his distingu|ished merits would suffice to save all three of them. They were mistaken. JOSHUA emerged unhu|rt, only his garments were seared, but the false prophets were consumed. JOSHUA explained th|e singeing of his garments by the fact that he was directly exposed to the full fury of the f|lames. But the truth was that he had to expiate the sins of his sons, who had contracted marr|iages unworthy of their dignity and descent. Therefore their father escaped death only afte|r the fire had burnt his garments. 108
deat: DECEASED


Associates of High Priest Joshua ben Jozadak
birt: ABT 0500 BC
deat: DECEASED


AKA High Priest (Joshua) Joshuah ben Jehozadak
birt: ABT 0500 BC
deat: DECEASED

  
 Associates of King Artaxerxes I of Xerxes I
 birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: 0424 BC
 Nehemiah (Nechemia) ben Hachaliah|Prophet 
 birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Tirshatha||Nehemiah 10:1-28|NOW those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,||Ezra 2:2|These came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, B|igvai, Rehum and Baanah. The number of the men of the people of Israel:
deat: DECEASED
 Associates of Prophet Nehemiah ben Hachaliah 
 birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Tirshatha
deat: DECEASED
 Returning Exiles, time of Nehemiah ben Hachaliah 
 birt: Neh 7:6 These are the people of the province who came up from the captivity of the exiles who
plac: m Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had taken captive (they returned to Jerusalem and Judah, eac|h to his own town, 7 in company with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahamani|, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispereth, Bigvai, Nehum and Baanah): The list of the men of Israel:
deat: DECEASED
 Joshua (Jeshua) (Joshuah) (Yeshua) ben Jozadak ben Seraiah|High Priest 
birt: ABT 0500 BC
plac: Judea, House of Levi|Ezra 2:2;|Ezra 3:2, 8-13|Ezra 4:1-3;|Ezra 5:1,2|Ezra 10:18||Ezra 2:2|These came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, B|igvai, Rehum and Baanah. The number of the men of the people of Israel:||Ezr 3:2 -|Then Jeshua the son of Jozadak and his brothers the priests, and Zerubbabel the son of Shealt|iel and his brothers arose and built the altar of the God of Israel to offer burnt offering|s on it, as it is written in the law of Moses, the man of God.||Ezr 3:8 -|Now in the second year of their coming to the house of God at Jerusalem in the second month|, Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel and Jeshua the son of Jozadak and the rest of their brother|s the priests and the Levites, and all who came from the captivity to Jerusalem, began the wo|rk and appointed the Levites from twenty years and older to oversee the work of the house o|f the LORD.||Ezr 4:3 -|But Zerubbabel and Jeshua and the rest of the heads of fathers' households of Israel said t|o them, "You have nothing in common with us in building a house to our God; but we ourselve|s will together build to the LORD God of Israel, as King Cyrus, the king of Persia has comman|ded us."||Ezr 5:2 -|Then rose up Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and began to bui|ld the house of God which is at Jerusalem: and with them were the prophets of God helping the|m.||Ezr 10:18 -|Among the sons of the priests who had married foreign wives were found of the sons of Jeshu|a the son of Jozadak, and his brothers: Maaseiah, Eliezer, Jarib and Gedaliah.|Nehemiah 7:7|Nehemiah 12:1,7,10,26||Neh.7: 6|These are the people of the province who came up from the captivity of the exiles whom Nebuch|adnezzar king of Babylon had taken captive (they returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to hi|s own town, 7 in company with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahamani, Morde|cai, Bilshan, Mispereth, Bigvai, Nehum and Baanah):||Ne 7:7 -|who came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahamani, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mi|spereth, Bigvai, Nehum, Baanah. The number of men of the people of Israel:||Ne 12:1, 7|Now these are the priests and the Levites who came up with Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, a|nd Jeshua: Seraiah, Jeremiah, Ezra,|Sallu, Amok, Hilkiah and Jedaiah. These were the heads of the priests and their kinsmen in t|he days of Jeshua.||Ne 12:10, 26|Jeshua became the father of Joiakim, and Joiakim became the father of Eliashib, and Eliashi|b became the father of Joiada,|These served in the days of Joiakim the son of Jeshua, the son of Jozadak, and in the days o|f Nehemiah the governor and of Ezra the priest and scribe.||1Ch 6:15 -|and Jehozadak went along when the LORD carried Judah and Jerusalem away into exile by Nebucha|dnezzar.||Haggai 1:1,12; 2:2,4||Haggai Begins Temple Building|Haggai 1:1, 12|1 In the second year of Darius the king, on the first day of the sixth month, the word of th|e LORD came by the prophet Haggai to Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, an|d to Joshua the son of Jehozadak, the high priest, saying,|...|12 Then Zerubbabel R18 the son of Shealtiel, and Joshua R19 the son of Jehozadak, the high pr|iest, with all the remnant of the people, obeyed R20 the voice of the LORD their God and th|e words of Haggai the prophet, as the LORD their God had sent him. And the people showed R2|1 F10 reverence for the LORD.||Haggai 2: 2, 4|"Speak now to Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua the son of Je|hozadak, the high priest, and to the remnant of the people saying, 3 `Who is left among you w|ho saw this temple in its former glory? And how do you see it now? Does it not seem to you li|ke nothing in comparison? 4 `But now take courage, Zerubbabel,' declares the LORD, `take cour|age also, Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and all you people of the land take coura|ge,' declares the LORD, `and work; for I am with you,' declares the LORD of hosts.||Zechariah 3:1,3,6,8,9; 6:9-15||Zech. 3:1, 3 , 6, 8-9|1 Then he showed me Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of the LORD, and Satan s|tanding at his right hand to accuse him. …|3 Now Joshua was clothed with filthy garments and standing before the angel. …|6 And the angel of the LORD admonished Joshua, saying, …|8 `Now listen, Joshua the high priest, you and your friends who are sitting in front of you--|indeed they are men who are a symbol, for behold, I am going to bring in My servant the Branc|h.|9 `For behold, the stone that I have set before Joshua; on one stone are seven eyes. Behold|, I will engrave an inscription on it,' declares the LORD of hosts, `and I will remove the in|iquity of that land in one day.||Zech 6:9-15|The word of the LORD also came to me, saying,|10 "Take an offering from the exiles, from Heldai, Tobijah and Jedaiah; and you go the same d|ay and enter the house of Josiah the son of Zephaniah, where they have arrived from Babylon.|11 "Take silver and gold, make an ornate crown and set it on the head of Joshua the son of Je|hozadak, the high priest.|12 "Then say to him, `Thus says the LORD of hosts, "Behold, a man whose name is Branch, for H|e will branch out from where He is; and He will build the temple of the LORD.|13 "Yes, it is He who will build the temple of the LORD, and He who will bear the honor and s|it and rule on His throne. Thus, He will be a priest on His throne, and the counsel of peac|e will be between the two offices."'|14 "Now the crown will become a reminder in the temple of the LORD to Helem, Tobijah, Jedaia|h and Hen the son of Zephaniah.|15 "Those who are far off will come and build the temple of the LORD." Then you will know tha|t the LORD of hosts has sent me to you. And it will take place if you completely obey the LOR|D your God.||Accordingly, when the three men left the furnace which they did not do until Nebuchadnezzar i|nvited them to leave the heathen struck all the Jews they met in the face, deriding them at t|he same time: "You who have so marvellous a God pay homage to an idol!" The three men thereup|on left Babylonia and went to Palestine, where they joined their friend, the high priest JOSH|UA. ...|...|The most notorious Jewish sinners were the two false prophets Ahab and Zedekiah. ...Nebuchadn|ezzar decided to subject them to the same fiery test as he had decreed for the three pious co|mpanions of Daniel. To be fair toward them, the King permitted them to choose a third fellow-|sufferer, some pious man to share their lot. Seeing no escape, Ahab and Zedekiah asked for JO|SHUA, later the high priest, as their companion in the furnace, in the hope that his distingu|ished merits would suffice to save all three of them. They were mistaken. JOSHUA emerged unhu|rt, only his garments were seared, but the false prophets were consumed. JOSHUA explained th|e singeing of his garments by the fact that he was directly exposed to the full fury of the f|lames. But the truth was that he had to expiate the sins of his sons, who had contracted marr|iages unworthy of their dignity and descent. Therefore their father escaped death only afte|r the fire had burnt his garments. 108
deat: DECEASED

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AKA King (Jehoiachin) Jechoniah

 
 Prophetic Contemporaries of Jeremiah ben Hilkiah
 birt: Anatoth, Benjamin, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: DECEASED
 Daniel (Belteshazzar) of Judah ben Jacob|Prophet 
 birt: ABT 0620 BC
plac: Daniel 1:6|Now among these were of the children of Judah, Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah: Unto w|hom the prince of the eunuchs gave names: for he gave unto Daniel the name of Belteshazzar; a|nd to Hananiah, of Shadrach; and to Mishael, of Meshach; and to Azariah, of Abed-nego.|CHAPTER XXXII4. p. 69|OF THE DEATH OF THE PROPHETS; HOW THEY DlED, AND (WHERE) EACH ONE OF THEM WAS BURIED5.||Habakkuk (was) of the tribe of Simeon, and from the land of Sûâr (Zoar)3. This (prophet) p|rophesied concerning the Messiah, that He should come, and abrogate the laws of the Jews. H|e brought food to Daniel at Babylon by the divine (or, angelic) agency. The Jews stoned him i|n Jerusalem.||3 Epiphanius, ἐξ ἀγρου̑ Βηθοχήρ {Greek: eks agrou Bhðoxhr}. A variant has Βιδζεχάρ {Greek|: Bidzexár}.||(http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bb/bb32.htm)
deat: DECEASED
plac: CHAPTER XXXII4. p. 69|OF THE DEATH OF THE PROPHETS; HOW THEY DlED, AND (WHERE) EACH ONE OF THEM WAS BURIED5.||Daniel (was) of the tribe of Judah, and was born in Upper Beth-Horon. He was a man who kep|t himself from women, and hence the Jews thought that he was an eunuch, for his face was diff|erent (from that of other men), and he had no children. He prayed for the Babylonians, and di|ed in Elam, in the city of the Hôzâyê1, and was buried in Shôshan the fortress. He prophesie|d concerning the return of the people.||1 In Arabic al-Ahwâz, now Khûzistân.|(http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bb/bb32.htm)
 Associates of Prophet Daniel of Judah 
 birt:
deat: DECEASED
 Jehoiachin (Joachin) (Coniah) ben Jehoiakim|King|King of Judah (598 BC) 
 birt: ABT 0605 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel||1 Chronicles 3: 16|And the sons of Jehoiakim: Jeconiah his son, Zedekiah his son.||BD Jehoiakim|King of Judah (609-598 B.C.), originally called Eliakim ...He was succeeded by his son Jehoia|chin, who in turn was succeeded by Zedekiah.
deat: ABT 0560 BC
plac: Babylonia
 AKA King (Jehoiachin) Jechoniah 
birt: ABT 0605 BC
plac: Judah, Judea, Southern Israel
deat: ABT 0560 BC
plac: Babylonia

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Associates of King (Cambyses II) Barman ibn Bashtaasib

 
 Nebuchadnezzar II (Nabuchadrezzer) (Nabu-Na'id) (Nabu-Kudurri Usur) (Nabu-Kudurri-User) (Nidintu-Bel) of Nabopolassar|King|(Nabonidus) (Labynetus I) (Nabonedochos) (Nabonnidechus) (Nabunaita)
 birt: 0630 BC
plac: Babylon
deat: 0539 BC
 Associates of King Nebuchadnezzar II of Nabopolassar 
 birt: ABT 0630 BC
plac: Babylon
deat: 0539 BC
 Cambyses II (Kambujiya) (Arshama) of Cyrus II of Cambyses I|King|King Cambyses II (530-522 BC) 
 birt: 0588 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)||The name of Cambyse II's mother is not known. The Greek researcher Herodotus of Halicarnassu|s calls her Cassandane, but Ctesias of Cnidus states she was Amytis, the daughter of the las|t king of independent Media, Astyages.||550 BC
deat: 0522 BC
plac: Egypt Ruled 0525 - 0521 BC|518/517 BC
marr:
marr:
marr:
 AKA King (Cambyses II) Barman ibn Bashtaasib 
 birt: ABT 0588 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
 
   Cyrus II (Kurush) (Kuruš) (Kores) of Cambyses I of Cyrus I|King|Cyrus the Great|King of Persia (538 BC-530 BC) 
   birt: 0585 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: 0530 BC/529 BC
plac: Asia
marr:
  Atossa (Hutaosâ), daughter of Cyrus II of Cambyses I|Princess|Princess of Persia 
 birt: 0550 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
marr:
marr:
 Associates of King (Cambyses II) Barman ibn Bashtaasib 
birt: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED

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Associates of Pharaoh Auibra

 
 Nedjemibre Ruler of Egypt|Pharaoh
 birt: ABT 1750 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: Egypt Ruled 7 months
 Khaankhre Sobekhotep I Ruler of Egypt|I Ruler of Egypt|Pharaoh 
 birt: ABT 1750 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: Egypt Ruled 1780-1777 BC
 Reniseneb Ruler of Egypt|Pharaoh 
 birt: ABT 1750 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: Egypt Ruled 4 months, 1777 BC
 Awybre , Auibra Hor I|I|Pharaoh 
 birt: ABT 1750 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: Egypt Ruled 1777-1775 BC
 Associates of Pharaoh Auibra 
birt: ABT 1750 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED

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AKA Pharaoh (Auibra) Hor

 
 Nedjemibre Ruler of Egypt|Pharaoh
 birt: ABT 1750 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: Egypt Ruled 7 months
 Khaankhre Sobekhotep I Ruler of Egypt|I Ruler of Egypt|Pharaoh 
 birt: ABT 1750 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: Egypt Ruled 1780-1777 BC
 Reniseneb Ruler of Egypt|Pharaoh 
 birt: ABT 1750 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: Egypt Ruled 4 months, 1777 BC
 Awybre , Auibra Hor I|I|Pharaoh 
 birt: ABT 1750 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: Egypt Ruled 1777-1775 BC
 AKA Pharaoh (Auibra) Hor 
birt: ABT 1750 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED

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AKA King (Xerxes I) Achashverosh of Darius I

 
 Associates of King Xerxes I of Darius I
 birt: 0519 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
plac: Persepolis
 Confusion of Angels 
 birt:
deat: DECEASED
 Associates of the Confusion of Angels 
 birt:
deat: DECEASED
 Xerxes I (Ahasuerus) (Khshayarsha) of Darius I of Hystaspes I|King|King of Persia 
 birt: 0519 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)|Es 1:1 -|Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus, (this is Ahasuerus which reigned, from India ev|en unto Ethiopia, over an hundred and seven and twenty provinces:)
deat: 0466 BC
plac: Persepolis Ruled 0486 - 0465 BC
marr:
marr:
marr:
 AKA King (Xerxes I) Achashverosh of Darius I 
birt: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
 
  Otanes (Utâna) of Pharnaspes 
  birt: ABT 0540 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 Amestris, daughter of Otanes of Pharnaspes 
birt: ABT 0520 BC
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 
  Cambyses II (Kambujiya) (Arshama) of Cyrus II of Cambyses I|King|King Cambyses II (530-522 BC)
  birt: 0588 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)||The name of Cambyse II's mother is not known. The Greek researcher Herodotus of Halicarnassu|s calls her Cassandane, but Ctesias of Cnidus states she was Amytis, the daughter of the las|t king of independent Media, Astyages.||550 BC
deat: 0522 BC
plac: Egypt Ruled 0525 - 0521 BC|518/517 BC
marr:
marr:
marr:
  Associates of King Cambyses II of Cyrus II 
  birt: ABT 0588 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: 0522 BC
 
   Atossa (Hutaosâ), daughter of Cyrus II of Cambyses I|Princess|Princess of Persia
  birt: 0550 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
marr:
marr:
 (Daughter) of Hystaspes I of Arsames 
birt: ABT 0540 BC
plac: Persia (Iran)
deat: DECEASED
marr:

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AKA Pharaoh (Ramesses II) Ramses II of Seti I

 
 Nineteenth Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt
 birt: 1295 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1186 BC
 Ramesses I (Ramses) (Menpehtyre) of Seti|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt 
 birt: ABT 1325 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1294 BC
marr:
 Seti I (Menmaatre) (Sethos) of Ramesses I of Seti|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt 
 birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1279 BC
marr:
marr:
 
  Sitre (wife of Ramesses I of Seti) 
 birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 Ramesses II (Ramses) (Usermaatre Setepenre) of Seti I of Ramesses I|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt 
 birt: ABT 1290 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1213 BC
plac: Egypt
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
 
  Tuya of Raia (Tuia) (Mut-Tuya)|Queen 
 birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 AKA Pharaoh (Ramesses II) Ramses II of Seti I 
birt: ABT 1290 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 
 Nefertari II (Meryenmut) (wife of Ramesses II) 
birt: ABT 1290 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:

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AKA Pharaoh (Ramesses II) Usermaatre Setepenre of Seti I

 
 Nineteenth Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt
 birt: 1295 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1186 BC
 Ramesses I (Ramses) (Menpehtyre) of Seti|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt 
 birt: ABT 1325 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1294 BC
marr:
 Seti I (Menmaatre) (Sethos) of Ramesses I of Seti|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt 
 birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1279 BC
marr:
marr:
 
  Sitre (wife of Ramesses I of Seti) 
 birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 Ramesses II (Ramses) (Usermaatre Setepenre) of Seti I of Ramesses I|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt 
 birt: ABT 1290 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1213 BC
plac: Egypt
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
marr:
 
  Tuya of Raia (Tuia) (Mut-Tuya)|Queen 
 birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:
 AKA Pharaoh (Ramesses II) Usermaatre Setepenre of Seti I 
birt: ABT 1290 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 
 Nefertari II (Meryenmut) (wife of Ramesses II) 
birt: ABT 1290 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:

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AKA Pharaoh (Ramesses I) Ramses I of Seti

 
 List of Kings
 birt:
deat:
 Pharaonic Rulers of Egypt 
 birt: 2920 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 0332 BC
 Nineteenth Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt 
 birt: 1295 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1186 BC
 Ramesses I (Ramses) (Menpehtyre) of Seti|Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Egypt 
 birt: ABT 1325 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: 1294 BC
marr:
 AKA Pharaoh (Ramesses I) Ramses I of Seti 
birt: ABT 1325 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
 
 Sitre (wife of Ramesses I of Seti) 
birt: ABT 1300 BC
plac: Egypt
deat: DECEASED
marr:

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